The material basis of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc has not yet been well understood and natural C. sinensis resources are very rare. The present study aimed to clarify the substance basis and compare the protective effect of natural and artificially-cultivated C. sinensis against cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced myelosuppression. Both natural and artificially-cultivated C. sinensis effectively improved CTX-induced decrease of peripheral blood counts and hemopoietic growth factors, pathological changes, and apoptosis of bone marrow. Importantly, artificially-cultivated C. sinensis showed similar capacity compared with natural C. sinensis. Uridine (1), adenosine (2), L-pyroglutamic acid (3), lysinonorleucine (4), 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene (5), D-mannitol (6), L-pyroglutamic acid methyl ester (7), tryptophan (8), and phenylalanine (9) were isolated from bioactivity-guided fraction and identified to attenuate CTX-induced myelosuppression in mice. In conclusions, nucleosides and amino acids represented the effective chemical components in C. sinensis. Artificial cultivation can be used as an effective substitute for natural C. sinensis.

通过近30年国内外相关文献分析,系统总结了冬虫夏草在呼吸系统炎性疾病治疗中的药理和临床研究进展.冬虫夏草及其相关产品在肺部疾病治疗的药理和临床研究广泛,药用历史悠久,总结发现其主要通过调节机体免疫、减少肺部渗出、抑制炎症反应而发挥疗效.为加快冬虫夏草抗呼吸系统炎性疾病的中药新药开发及应用提供了参考资料.

Objective:To demonstrate anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract from fresh Cordyceps sinensis on cigarette smoke extraction (CSE) exposure and influenza virus infection post CSE exposure in vitro.Methods:Nucleosides from aqueous extract was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-UV.Total sugar content was measured by the phenol-sulfuric acid assay.The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined by SOD testing kit.Cytotoxicity of CSE and aqueous extract were determined in human bronchial epithelial cell (16HBE) and human acute monocytic leukemia cell (THP-1) by cell counting kit-8 assay.The 16HBE and THP-1 cells were exposed to CSE and various concentrations of aqueous extract (1 000, 500 and 250 mg/L) for 48 and 8 hours, respectively.CSE-induced cytokine release was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.In a further experimental scheme, the 16HBE cells were exposed to CSE and aqueous extract for 48 hours and subsequently infected with influenza A virus in aqueous extract for another 24 hours.Cytokine release was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Finally, the inhibitory effect of aqueous extract on mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression induced by CSE was observed using immunofluorescence assay.Results:(1)The aqueous extract from fresh Cordyceps sinensis contained 0.423% of nucleotide, 18.69% of total sugar and SOD with activity of 14 736.5 U/ml.(2)The aqueous extract at high and medium concentration remarkably inhibited the expression of interleukin-6 mRNA in CSE-exposed 16HBE cells ( t=6.514, 5.156, all P<0.05), and the expression of MUC5AC mRNA was significantly reduced at high concentration ( t=8.922, P<0.05). (3)The extract at high, medium and low concentration significantly inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA in THP-1 cells ( t=9.549, 9.616, 8.573, all P<0.05), and the expression of interleukin-6 mRNA was also inhibited( t=4.458, 5.399, 4.515, all P<0.05). (4)Immunofluorescence of MUC5AC protein was reduced in cytoplasm of 16HBE cells treated with the extract at high concentration, with no effects at medium concentration. Conclusions:The aqueous extract from fresh Cordyceps sinensis has anti-inflammatory effect in 16HBE and THP-1 cells of inflammation model and shows inhibitory effects on highly expressed MUC5AC protein in 16HBE airway epithelial cells.This study demonstrates the characteristic of potential medical use of Cordyceps sinensis in treating inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

本文对近年来食药用真菌干燥领域中主要应用的几种干燥技术的研究成果进行归纳总结,分别介绍了自然干燥、热风干燥、红外辐射干燥、微波真空干燥、热风-真空联合干燥、热风-微波联合干燥及真空冷冻干燥的研究进展,并比较分析了各种干燥方法的优缺点,指出在具体应用中针对不同食药用真菌的特性应采用的不同干燥方法,以及我国食药用真菌干燥的发展趋势.

冬虫夏草为中国传统名贵中药材,由于生态环境破坏、不合理采挖等,造成资源稀缺,甚至濒临灭绝.野生冬虫夏草受自然环境的影响,不同产地品质差异较大,且大部分区域砷含量超标.进行无公害仿生态繁育是缓解野生冬虫夏草资源匮乏、降低砷含量、实现资源可持续利用的有效措施.广东东阳光有限公司冬虫夏草繁育与产品研发重点研究室经过十余年的研发,创建了无公害冬虫夏草仿生态繁育技术体系,并通过农业部 《无公害农产品》认证.本文从产地环境要求、优质菌种和寄主资源选育、仿生态繁育技术、病虫害综合防治等方面论述了冬虫夏草的无公害仿生态繁育技术;通过严格控制各生产环节繁育无公害和高品质的冬虫夏草,推动冬虫夏草产业现代化发展.

目的 优化鲜冬虫夏草中肿瘤细胞生长抑制活性提取物的低温超声波提取条件.方法 采用3因素3水平中心组合试验,以鲜冬虫夏草提取物对黑色素瘤B16细胞的抑制率为响应值,进行响应曲面分析.结果 鲜冬虫夏草的最佳低温超声波提取工艺参数为:超声机功率320 W,超声提取时间43 min,超声提取温度30℃.在此条件下提取,提取物实际黑色素瘤B16细胞的抑制率达72.80％.结论 该研究所得优选提取工艺参数是稳定可行的,为鲜冬虫夏苹资源的合理利用及产品开发提供支持.

冬虫夏草是我国一味名贵滋补药材,具有很好的药用功效和保健功能.上世纪以来,人们对野生冬虫夏草的过度采挖,造成其资源稀缺,甚至濒临灭绝.笔者通过查阅调研冬虫夏草相关文献,对冬虫夏草的培育现状以及保鲜方法进行探讨,为加快培育冬虫夏草的产业化及鲜冬虫夏草保鲜技术的发展提供借鉴思路.结果 显示,冬虫夏草的培育产业化技术已经取得突破性进展,且鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜技术已实现产业化应用.