In order to enrich the ideas and methodology of the work safety theory, theoretical research on WSM 4.0 mode was conducted from the perspective of the industrial revolution history view and the work safety practice view. By summarizing the connotation and characteristics of WSM 1.0 to 3.0 era stages, the framework practical models, including the modified diamond model of safety objectives and the safety system pillar model were developed. Then, a "triple helix" development model was established. The results show that with the new security architecture, WSM 4.0 has the characteristics of effectiveness of management objectives, the coupling resilience of risk strategies, the integration of technology and equipment, and the proactive and safety ＆ security integration of management concepts. The safety goal is expanded into a four-dimensional system of health, safety, environment and value. The safety system includes safety regulations, safety technology, safety culture, safety literacy and safety resilience. The WSM 4.0 is the evolvement trend of production practice, technology application and safety theory.

Time management is crucial for liner shipping services. A variety of unexpected events can disrupt liner shipping schedules. A real-time port capacity analysis and rescheduling the original ship operations would be necessary to counteract the negative effects of such disruptions. Different ship schedule recovery options can be adopted in response to disruptive events (e.g., ship sailing speed adjustment, skipping of disrupted ports). However, shipping lines face conflicting decisions when selecting ship schedule recovery options. As an example, the commonly-used ship speeding-up option could effectively reduce delays during the voyage but would increase the fuel cost. Similarly, the skipping of disrupted ports may substantially decrease the associated delays but would incur additional costs associated with supply chain disruptions and misconnected cargo. Nevertheless, there is a lack of analytical methods that enable the evaluation of competing objectives in ship schedule recovery and effective multi-objective solution approaches. Therefore, this study proposes a novel multi-objective model for ship schedule recovery that aims not only to minimize the total late ship arrivals at ports but also to minimize the total profit loss due to disruptive events that may occur at sea and/or at ports. An epsilon-constraint-based exact optimization algorithm is adopted to obtain optimal Pareto Fronts. The computational experiments conducted for a real-life transit route demonstrate that the adopted exact optimization algorithm is able to generate Pareto Fronts in a timely manner. Moreover, the conducted sensitivity analyses provide interesting insights regarding the effects of different disruption types and unit fuel costs on ship schedule recovery.

Emergency evacuation is viewed as a common strategy adopted during the disaster preparedness stage of evacuation to ensure the safety of potentially affected populations. In emergency evacuation studies, soft computing approaches and methodologies have been widely used to support effective decision-making, providing robust and low-cost solutions. To understand the current status and trends of research on soft computing applications for emergency evacuation studies, 778 related studies published in the core database of Web of Science from 2000 to 2020 were considered in this study. A scientometric analysis and a comprehensive review were performed using a scientific mapping of the knowledge domain. This paper presents a set of analyses with the following primary objectives: (1) to explore and visualize the bibliometric characteristics and contents of the academic field concerned with the soft computing approaches for emergency evacuation; and (2) to review and analyze the knowledge, hotspots, and future outlooks related to soft computing approaches for emergency evacuation. The results provide some important insights regarding the existing soft computing methods that have been used in the emergency evacuation field over the past 20 years. Based on the conducted review, this paper proposes that future studies should concentrate on exploring the potential of innovative soft computing ap-proaches for crowd modelling and enabling more accurate evacuation simulation and optimization.

基于产业价值链视角和网络嵌入性理论,梳理创新链与产业链双向嵌入基本概念与嵌入原则,将其划分为意识嵌入、需求嵌入和技术嵌入类型.构建创新链与产业链双向嵌入指标体系,借助复合系统模型测算中国31个省级区域(因数据缺失,未包含港澳台地区)2016-2020年的双链双向嵌入度,从空间、时间和嵌入类型层面考察双链双向嵌入度分布现状和未来形势.研究发现:当前全国创新链和产业链双向嵌入度稳步上升,省份之间存在五个层次,具有"南强北弱"和"强者越强"现象;双向嵌入度低层次省份在嵌入度增速上具有后发优势,并随着产业转移呈现"由东部沿海向内陆中西部延伸"趋势;需求嵌入成为区域双链双向嵌入度的主要内容,嵌入类型在不同区域内部省份之间表现出较大差异.

为明确重大疫情中人群引流控制策略对室内呼吸暴露风险的影响,基于改进的行人动力学模型和呼吸传染概率模型,构建一般室内情况下人群运动多种场景,借助多智能体仿真技术,模拟防护优化策略、流量优化策略和路线优化策略对呼吸暴露风险影响.研究结果表明:室内呼吸暴露风险主要取决于行人总流量、个体停留时间、运动路径规划和污染区域持续时间;在行人社交距离遵循行为方面,个体因必须保持设定的物理距离而形成延滞效应,这会进一步增加暴露于污染区域时间;口罩病原体渗透率越低、空间通风量越大,群体呼吸传染概率越小.

The maritime transportation flows and container demand have been increasing over time, although the COVID-19 pandemic may slow down this trend for some time. One of the common strategies adopted by shipping lines to efficiently serve the existing customers is the deployment of large ships. The current practice in the liner shipping industry is to deploy a combination of ships of different types with different carrying capacities (i.e., heterogeneous fleet), especially at the routes with a significant demand. However, heterogeneous fleets of ships have been investigated by a very few studies addressing the tactical liner shipping decisions (i.e., determination of service frequency, ship fleet deployment, optimization of ship sailing speed, and design of ship schedules). Moreover, limited research efforts have been carried out to simultaneously capture all the major tactical liner shipping decisions using a single solution methodology. Therefore, this study proposes an integrated optimization model that addresses all the major tactical liner shipping decisions and allows the deployment of a heterogeneous ship fleet at each route, considering emissions generated throughout liner shipping operations. The model’s objective maximizes the total turnaround profit generated from liner shipping operations. A decomposition-based heuristic algorithm is presented in this study to solve the model proposed and efficiently tackle large-size problem instances. Numerical experiments, carried out for a number of real-world liner shipping routes, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. A set of managerial insights, obtained from the proposed methodology, are also provided.

为提高城市化进程下电梯行业发展的速度,减少电梯安全事故发生的概率,降低电梯生产运营风险系数,研究电梯安全风险因素已成为一项重要任务.采用文献分析和经验资料凝练的方式,运用扎根理论开展电梯安全风险三阶段编码研究,确定了主要风险因素;通过构建结构方程模型,探讨了影响电梯安全的多重风险因素及其作用机理并进行实证分析;最后基于模糊评价法建立了电梯安全风险预警指标体系并对其进行评估.结果 表明:与电梯安全风险有关的人员、环境、设备、管理、预警技术因素与电梯安全风险暴露之间呈显著性正相关,并间接影响风险预警的准确性,电梯安全风险预警指标体系的构建可为电梯生产制造、安全使用、管理维护和更新改造工作提供一定的安全管理启示.

为探究公众应急避难场所感知对疏散行为的影响机制,基于行为地理学理论,构建了包含风险感知、安全意识、疏散经历、应急避难场所感知和疏散行为5个变量的理论模型,并根据所收集的有效样本数据,利用结构方程模型对其进行了实证检验.研究表明:应急避难场所感知、风险感知及安全意识对疏散行为具有显著的正向影响,风险感知和安全意识通过应急避难场所感知对疏散行为产生部分中介作用,疏散经历在风险感知影响疏散行为的过程中具有显著调节作用.

Social distancing is one of the most recommended policies worldwide to reduce diffusion risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a risk management perspective, this study explores the mechanism of the risk perception effect on social distancing in order to improve individual physical distancing behavior. The data for this study were collected from 317 Chinese residents in May 2020 using an internet-based survey. A structural equation model (SEM) and hierarchical linear regression (HLR) analyses were conducted to examine all the considered research hypotheses. The results show that risk perception significantly affects perceived understanding and social distancing behaviors in a positive way. Perceived understanding has a significant positive correlation with social distancing behaviors and plays a mediating role in the relationship between risk perception and social distancing behaviors. Furthermore, safety climate positively predicts social distancing behaviors but lessens the positive correlation between risk perception and social distancing. Hence, these findings suggest effective management guidelines for successful implementation of the social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic by emphasizing the critical role of risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate.

随着国际合作的不断发展,科技创新国际合作日趋活跃,有关科技创新国际合作的研究也成为当前学术热点,有必要运用知识图谱方法对国家间不同领域的科技创新国际合作的研究脉络进行系统梳理.以2000-2018年Web of Science核心数据库中5 156篇有关科技创新国际合作研究的文献为数据样本,运用CiteSpace文献计量软件绘制科技创新国际合作知识图谱,探究该研究领域演进情况、研究热点和前沿态势.研究结果显示:科技创新国际合作研究明显呈现出阶段性,可分为探索期、发展期和成熟期3个阶段;作者合作网络呈现4个板块;通过对关键词进行分析发现,新兴科技领域的合作将成为各国参与科技创新国际合作的关注点.

With growing concerns about stadiums where attract large mass gathering, modeling and simulating crowd evacuation is pertinent to ensuring efficient and safe conditions. Based on the modified social force model and multi-agent simulation, several simulation scenarios are conducted to study the walking-along-side effects. The results show that walking along the sides will increase evacuation time, but it can mitigate the pressure of clogging effects and stream arching queue. Meanwhile, walking-along-side effects can relieve the density pressure of the exit and the "fast-is-slow" phenomenon. At last, several suggestions are put forward to promote evacuating capacity of the stadium.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework of applying the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to the intelligent evacuation protocol in libraries at emergency situations. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted field investigations on eight libraries in Wuhan, China, analyzed the characteristics of crowd gathering in libraries and the problems of the libraries’ existing evacuation plans. Therefore, an IoT-based intelligent evacuation protocol in libraries was proposed. Its basic structure consisted of five components: the information base, the protocol base, the IoT sensors, the information fusion system and the intelligent evacuation protocol generation system. In the information fusion system, Dempster–Shafer (D-S) evidence theory was employed as the information fusion algorithm to fuse the multi-sensor information at multiple time points, so as to reduce the uncertainty of disaster prediction. The authors also conducted a case study on the Library L in Wuhan, China. A specific evacuation route was generated for a fire and the crowd evacuation was simulated by the software Patherfind. Findings The proposed IoT-based evacuation protocol has four distinguishing features: scenario corresponding, precise evacuation, dynamic correction and intelligent decision-making. The case study shows that the proposed protocol is feasible in practice, indicating that the IoT technologies have great potential to be successfully applied to the safety management in libraries. Research limitations/implications The software and hardware requirements as well as the Internet network requirements of IoT technologies need to be further discussed. Practical implications The proposed IoT-based intelligent evacuation protocol can be widely used in libraries, which is one of the inspirations for the use of IoT technologies in modern constructers. Originality/value The application of IoT technologies in libraries is a brand-new topic that has drawn much attention in academia recently. The crowd safety management in libraries is of great significance, and there is little professional literature on it. This paper proposes an IoT-based intelligent evacuation protocol, aiming at improving the safety management in libraries at emergency situations.

Due to the highly developed rail transit over the past decades, the phenomena of complex individual self-organized behaviors and mass crowd dynamics have become a great concern in the train station. In order to understand passengers' walking-edge effect and analyze the relationship between the layout and sustainable service abilities of the train station, a heuristics-based social force model is proposed to elaborate the crowd dynamics. Several evacuation scenarios are implemented to describe the walking-edge effect in a train station with the evacuation efficiency, pedestrian flow, and crowd density map. The results show that decentralizing crowd flow can significantly increase the evacuation efficiency in different scenarios. When the exits are far away from the central axis of the railway station, the walking-edge effect has little influence on the evacuation efficiency. Obstacles can guide the movement of passengers by channelizing pedestrian flows. In addition, a wider side exit of the funnel-shaped corridors can promote walking-edge effect and decrease the pressure among a congested crowd. Besides providing a modified social force model with considering walking-edge effect, several suggestions are put forward for managers and architects of the train station in designing sustainable layouts.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to take advantage of Internet of Things (IoT) for intelligent route programming of crowd emergency evacuation in metro station. It is a novel approach to ensure the crowd safety and reduce the casualties in the emergency context. An evacuation route programming model is constructed to select a suitable evacuation route and support the emergency decision maker of metro station. Design/methodology/approach The IoT technology is employed to collect and screen information, and to construct an expert decision model to support the metro station manager to make decision. As a feasible way to solve the multiple criteria decision-making problem, an improved multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (MABAC) approach is introduced. Findings The case study indicates that the model provides valuable suggestions for evacuation route programming and offers practical support for the design of an evacuation route guidance system. Moreover, IoT plays an important role in the process of intelligent route programming of crowd emergency evacuation in metro station. A library has similar structure and crowd characteristics of a metro station, thus the intelligent route programming approach can be applied to the library crowd evacuation. Originality/value The highlights of this paper are listed as followings: the accuracy and accessibility of the metro station’s real-time information are improved by integrating IoT technology with the intelligent route programming of crowd emergency evacuation. An improved MABAC approach is introduced to the expert support model. It promotes the applicability and reliability of decision making for emergency evacuation route selection in metro station. It is a novel way to combine the decision-making methods with practice.

高新区是推动建设创新型国家的重要载体.探究高新区协同创新影响机理,构建协同创新环境、协同创新机制和协同创新模式对协同创新绩效影响机理模型,并以武汉东湖国家自主创新示范区为例,采用该区创新型企业、高校和政府等相关人员的问卷调研数据,运用结构方程模型、逐层回归分析进行路径检验.实证研究发现,协同创新环境、协同创新机制和协同创新模式对协同创新绩效呈现显著正相关,协同创新机制在协同创新环境和协同创新绩效关系中起到中介作用,协同创新模式的4个维度在协同创新环境与协同创新绩效关系中均起到正向调节作用.

人群踩踏已成为严重影响社会治安、危及人们生命安全的重大灾难事件,为分析其发生的特征与致因,从发展趋势、伤亡情况、触发地点等多个方面对1990-2017年147起国内外人群踩踏事件进行分析,基于共词分析与社会网络理论,计算高频词网络节点的点度中心性、中间中心性与接近中心性,分析踩踏事件高频词的网络控制能力、信息传递能力与独立性;通过小团体识别,剖析不同踩踏事件的致因与特点.结果表明:踩踏事件发生的数量呈现周期性波动,非洲和亚洲是踩踏事件伤亡最为严重的地区,体育场、桥梁街道、寺庙等是发生踩踏事件的主要场所;可视化网络节点的点度中心度决定了事件特征词触发踩踏事件的控制能力,中间中心性决定了间接因素转化为触发因素的能力,接近中心性刻画踩踏事件的突发性致因;宗教、布施、庆典、赛事等活动的踩踏事故触发因素具有一定差异性.最后,基于共词分析与网络分析结果提出踩踏事件的预防对策.

为了研究ICT技术在安全疏散领域的应用现状、演进和热点,以Web of Science核心数据库中有关ICT技术对安全疏散应用研究的科技文献为研究对象,运用CiteSpace软件对文献研究主题和时空分布、研究演进和科研网络以及研究热点和前沿态势进行分析.研究结果表明:ICT技术对安全疏散应用研究可以划分为低潮期、发展期和爆发期3个阶段,形成了3大科研网络版块;随着ICT技术的发展,刊发相关研究的期刊从综合类向专业类拓展,并从火灾科学、交通科学和心理科学等多学科进行了交叉研究;在不同的发展时期,研究侧重点不尽相同,当前以无线传感网络、建筑疏散和导航系统等领域为研究热点,基于研究成果,提出相关研究热点和前沿等建议.

通过NW小世界网络刻画行人社会关系,运用Netlogo软件实现多主体仿真,基于改进社会力模型和恐慌传染模型,考虑无恐慌干预与恐慌干预情境下的应急疏散,模拟恐慌情绪传播与人群疏散过程,以探究恐慌情绪传播的影响因子与最优干预策略.研究表明:群体恐慌情绪的传播速度主要取决于网络密集性、恐慌源位置和恐慌情绪系数,网络平均度越大、恐慌源越远离出口、恐慌情绪系数越大,则疏散效率越低;并提出3种恐慌干预策略,包括动作干预、范围干预与群众干预策略.

构建了公共场所行路文化模型,并利用中国情境下普通行人的问卷数据进行检验.研究发现:行路文化是行人自主场域和公共场所践行场域相互作用的必然结果,具有不平衡性、可延续性和多动力性的特征,在行路文化模型的各层次影响机制中存在"屏蔽效应""传导效应"和"极端效应".基于行路文化模型,提出了培育和弘扬新时代公共场所行路文化的若干建议.

科技创新在国家全面创新中具有引领作用,但往往伴随着较高的科技风险,而科技保险则是规避科技风险、提升科技创新的有力保障.面对当前新的改革发展形势,科技保险面临着新的发展机遇.本文在总结科技保险理论研究和实践经验的基础上,联系我国实际情况,提出了科技保险在运行模式、补偿体系、科技金融改革和供给侧改革等方面的创新思路,以及“互联网+投保+理赔”型模式、“互联网+担保”型模式以及“半参与”和“全参与”型模式,最后提出要将科技保险纳入到科技风险补偿体系的大框架,并实现科技保险与金融创新的结合的建议.