In power system construction and operation (PSC&O), human factors are critical contributors to accidents, frequently coupling with machine, environmental, and management factors to amplify risks. To address these challenges, it is essential to transition from traditional man-machine systems to human-centered human-machine collaboration by leveraging intelligent safety technologies associated with Industry 5.0. Based on expert interviews and an analysis of 165 human casualty accident reports from 2019 to 2023, this study employs grounded theory to systematically identify safety risks within the "human-machine-environment-management" framework. The N-K model is employed to identify key human-factor risk coupling patterns, which are then examined through a workflow-based accident causal chain analysis to detail human-factor interactions and corresponding technology demands. Based on this foundation, the entropy-weighting & TOPSIS method is used to assess the decoupling effectiveness of six representative Industry 5.0 intelligent safety technologies. The results show that "human-management" interactions are not only the most frequent sources of accidents but also involve the riskiest subfactor couplings. Moreover, multi-factor risk couplings generally exhibit higher risk levels than two-factor couplings. Among the technologies evaluated, intelligent detection and monitoring systems and intelligent risk early warning systems demonstrate the strongest decoupling performance, while intelligent control technologies are comparatively less effective.

In order to enrich the ideas and methodology of the work safety theory, theoretical research on WSM 4.0 mode was conducted from the perspective of the industrial revolution history view and the work safety practice view. By summarizing the connotation and characteristics of WSM 1.0 to 3.0 era stages, the framework practical models, including the modified diamond model of safety objectives and the safety system pillar model were developed. Then, a "triple helix" development model was established. The results show that with the new security architecture, WSM 4.0 has the characteristics of effectiveness of management objectives, the coupling resilience of risk strategies, the integration of technology and equipment, and the proactive and safety ＆ security integration of management concepts. The safety goal is expanded into a four-dimensional system of health, safety, environment and value. The safety system includes safety regulations, safety technology, safety culture, safety literacy and safety resilience. The WSM 4.0 is the evolvement trend of production practice, technology application and safety theory.

In an emergency medical material supply chain, the coordination of the manufacturer’s risk-averse behaviour and the retailer’s risk-averse behaviour is a challenging problem during the pandemic and uncertainties of market remand. This paper constructs an emergency medical supply chain decision model in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR), government subsidy, and risk aversion during the pandemic situation. Then, the paper utilizes CVaR to carry out a risk assessment and analyzes the optimal decision under different scenarios. It shows that when the risk aversion coefficient and the mutual cost-sharing ratio of the manufacturer and the retailer meet specific constraints, the cost-sharing-buyback joint contract can make the emergency medical material supply chain reach a coordinated state. Through sensitive analysis of some parameters, we gain the effect of the risk aversion coefficient and demand variation coefficient on the optimal order quantity and CVaR values of the emergency medical supply chain and members. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of calculation examples under two situations of no government subsidy and government subsidy is conducted. Numerical results indicate that government subsidy can reduce the burden on supply chain members and incentivize members to invest in corporate social responsibility. Finally, numerical analyses are carried out to confirm the validity and practicability of the model. The work proves that the risk aversion coefficient and the variation coefficient of demand can change the optimal order quantity, CSR effort level, and CVaR values. In addition, members’ risk aversion coefficients significantly influence members’ decision-making behaviours.

Emergency evacuation is viewed as a common strategy adopted during the disaster preparedness stage of evacuation to ensure the safety of potentially affected populations. In emergency evacuation studies, soft computing approaches and methodologies have been widely used to support effective decision-making, providing robust and low-cost solutions. To understand the current status and trends of research on soft computing applications for emergency evacuation studies, 778 related studies published in the core database of Web of Science from 2000 to 2020 were considered in this study. A scientometric analysis and a comprehensive review were performed using a scientific mapping of the knowledge domain. This paper presents a set of analyses with the following primary objectives: (1) to explore and visualize the bibliometric characteristics and contents of the academic field concerned with the soft computing approaches for emergency evacuation; and (2) to review and analyze the knowledge, hotspots, and future outlooks related to soft computing approaches for emergency evacuation. The results provide some important insights regarding the existing soft computing methods that have been used in the emergency evacuation field over the past 20 years. Based on the conducted review, this paper proposes that future studies should concentrate on exploring the potential of innovative soft computing ap-proaches for crowd modelling and enabling more accurate evacuation simulation and optimization.

基于产业价值链视角和网络嵌入性理论,梳理创新链与产业链双向嵌入基本概念与嵌入原则,将其划分为意识嵌入、需求嵌入和技术嵌入类型.构建创新链与产业链双向嵌入指标体系,借助复合系统模型测算中国31个省级区域(因数据缺失,未包含港澳台地区)2016-2020年的双链双向嵌入度,从空间、时间和嵌入类型层面考察双链双向嵌入度分布现状和未来形势.研究发现:当前全国创新链和产业链双向嵌入度稳步上升,省份之间存在五个层次,具有"南强北弱"和"强者越强"现象;双向嵌入度低层次省份在嵌入度增速上具有后发优势,并随着产业转移呈现"由东部沿海向内陆中西部延伸"趋势;需求嵌入成为区域双链双向嵌入度的主要内容,嵌入类型在不同区域内部省份之间表现出较大差异.

在党的二十大报告中,"安全"一词出现了91次,特别是在第十一条的"推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,坚决维护国家安全和社会稳定"部分,用了很大篇幅阐述总体国家安全观的思想,说明新时代背景下安全问题之于我国未来发展的至关重要性.二十大报告指出,要"以新安全格局保障新发展格局",进一步阐明了"统筹发展和安全两件大事"的实践逻辑,这将是我国未来安全管理体系建设的重要指引.

针对新时期安全治理对安全理论和实践提出的新要求,系统构建主动安全理论体系.主动安全是数智时代面向安全4.0 的一种新的安全管理理论,通过界定和拓展主动安全理论内涵外延,发展由主动安全四个理念、四个原则、四个注重、四个预先和四个支撑为主体结构的主动安全体系安全屋模型,凝练主动安全理论框架和核心内容.研究认为:主动安全是对系统广义风险进行泛在侦测、前馈避让、绝对去除和人机应急的安全管理理念、设施与策略体系,具有安全理论维度、社会实践维度和技术应用维度的创新性和融合性.以火车站应急疏散管理为例开展场景分析检验主动安全理论的可行性和科学性.

"双循环"新发展格局为我国国际科技合作提出了全新的要求.如何抓住新发展格局下的机遇,突破"瓶颈期",从而最大化促进国际科技合作,这对成果转化与技术转移显得尤为重要.为探究"双循环"新发展格局下我国国际科技合作绩效的影响因素与影响机制,基于问卷调研数据,构建了结构方程模型并进行检验,结果表明:科研条件不仅对合作绩效有直接的正向影响,还可以通过合作意愿、合作行为的中介效应,以及两者的链式中介影响合作绩效,此外,国际科技合作的政策环境能够负向调节科研条件对合作绩效的正向影响.基于实证研究结果,提出了提升国际科技合作绩效的相关建议.

在双循环新发展格局下,加快建设科创走廊有利于优化我国科技创新布局,推动区域科技创新一体化发展.为前瞻我国科创走廊演化趋势,本研究归纳总结我国科创走廊的发展基础和整体现状,利用熵权-AHP评价法构建相关城市的科技创新发展质量评价指标体系,基于修正引力模型计算31省市在2014、2017和2020年的地理经济联系强度;描画了我国科创走廊"一主轴五三角"的布局演化图,并分别对主轴与三角点阵进行演化图景分析;基于现状分析和演化趋势分析,提出我国科创走廊发展的相关对策建议.研究发现:我国科创走廊体现出全域科创能力不断强化以及科创中心由单核向多核发展的演化特点,并且纵向演化痕迹与京广线高度重合,有形成京广科技创新主轴的演化趋势;整体布局逐渐形成北三角、长三角、珠三角、中三角和西三角的创新区域轮廓,是当前全国科技创新重要发展力量.科创走廊未来可望成为我国的科技创新大动脉,通过对接"一带一路"科技创新共同体,成为科技创新"双循环"体系的重要组成部分.

With the rapid development of computer technology, community governance shows intelligence and modernization, and the intelligence of community governance plays an important role in the construction of an intelligent city. How to measure the degree of community intelligence has become a problem to be discussed. Based on the questionnaire data, this paper comprehensively evaluates the degree of community intelligence by using Topsis modified by entropy weight and gives suggestions from the perspectives of government, community, and residents.

建设高质量创新链,是实现高水平科技自立自强、保障产业链自主可控、促进经济高质量发展的需要.高质量的创新链是自主完整、多元协同、高效治理、安全可靠的,具有核心能力和抗外部打压能力的创新链,需具有底座刚性、运行柔性和风险韧性.高质量创新链建设的路径:一是大力推进创新链、产业链、资金链、政策链的四链融合;二是积极推进产学研用协同创新.高质量创新链建设的重点举措和实现方式是两体、两制和两圈,即构建区域创新共同体和产业创新联合体,推行产业链链长制和创新链链主制,建设环大学创新经济圈和企业创新生态圈.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused high fluctuations in the demand for medical supplies. Therefore, emergency medical supplies enterprises have faced challenges in decision making and need to consider more corporate social responsibility (CSR) in production. At the same time, the government needs to take considerable measures to support emergency medical supplies enterprises. As such, our paper researches the decision and coordination problems for emergency medical supply chain considering CSR with the government, manufacturer, and retailer. The manufacturer produces emergency medical supplies. It has additional production technological innovation efforts to improve supply efficiency and assume CSR. The retailer faces uncertain demands and is responsible for undertaking CSR to meet the demands. The government must implement a certain degree of subsidies to ease the impact of the pandemic on emergency medical supply chain enterprises. Meanwhile, our paper further explores the obligations of the economy, society, and efficiency of enterprises under the COVID-19 pandemic and the decision making of enterprises for the implementation of CSR. Based on the principle of maximizing social welfare, we discuss decentralized decision making (without government and with government) and centralized decision making, respectively. On this basis, our paper not only designs a wholesale price–cost sharing joint contract coordination mechanism but also proves that a joint contract can achieve supply chain coordination under certain conditions. Through the analysis, we observe: (1) Government subsidies can improve the enthusiasm of supply chain members to undertake CSR; (2) With the improvement of the retailer’s CSR level, the profits of supply chain members and overall performance have improved to a certain degree; (3) To improve supply efficiency and assume social responsibility, the manufacturer implements technological innovation investment. However, it will impose some burden on the manufacturer. Government subsidies allow the manufacturer to balance between social responsibility and its profit.

为明确重大疫情中人群引流控制策略对室内呼吸暴露风险的影响,基于改进的行人动力学模型和呼吸传染概率模型,构建一般室内情况下人群运动多种场景,借助多智能体仿真技术,模拟防护优化策略、流量优化策略和路线优化策略对呼吸暴露风险影响.研究结果表明:室内呼吸暴露风险主要取决于行人总流量、个体停留时间、运动路径规划和污染区域持续时间;在行人社交距离遵循行为方面,个体因必须保持设定的物理距离而形成延滞效应,这会进一步增加暴露于污染区域时间;口罩病原体渗透率越低、空间通风量越大,群体呼吸传染概率越小.

Social distancing plays a critical role in reducing the disease diffusion risk during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic period. In order to explore the social distancing obedience behavior, a comprehensive survey was conducted in this study by collecting data from 1064 Chinese residents in January 2021 by means of a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and hierarchical linear regression (HLR) analyses were employed to investigate the research hypotheses considered, testing the three influencing factors of social distancing obedience behavior: public guidance, risk perception, and regulation punishment. The reliability and validity of the measurements are demonstrated. The outcomes from the conducted analyses show that the public guidance significantly affects risk perception of individuals, while risk perception imposes a positive impact on social distancing obedience behavior. Moreover, risk perception serves a mediating role in the relationship between the public guidance and social distancing obedience behavior. In addition, regulation punishment positively predicts social distancing obedience behavior and could even have a greater effect by enhancing risk perception. Hence, this study suggests that the relevant authorities and agencies implement strong social distancing policies during the COVID-19 post-pandemic period from the perspective of promoting the public guidance, risk perception, and regulation punishment.

为提高城市化进程下电梯行业发展的速度,减少电梯安全事故发生的概率,降低电梯生产运营风险系数,研究电梯安全风险因素已成为一项重要任务.采用文献分析和经验资料凝练的方式,运用扎根理论开展电梯安全风险三阶段编码研究,确定了主要风险因素;通过构建结构方程模型,探讨了影响电梯安全的多重风险因素及其作用机理并进行实证分析;最后基于模糊评价法建立了电梯安全风险预警指标体系并对其进行评估.结果 表明:与电梯安全风险有关的人员、环境、设备、管理、预警技术因素与电梯安全风险暴露之间呈显著性正相关,并间接影响风险预警的准确性,电梯安全风险预警指标体系的构建可为电梯生产制造、安全使用、管理维护和更新改造工作提供一定的安全管理启示.

PurposeThis research aims to figure out whether the pool testing method of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 is effective and the optimal sample size is in one bunch. Additionally, since the infection rate was unknown at the beginning, this research aims to propose a multiple sampling approach that enables the pool testing method to be utilized successfully.Design/methodology/approachThe authors verify that the pool testing method of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 is effective under the situation of the shortage of nucleic acid detection kits based on probabilistic modeling. In this method, the testing is performed on several samples of the cases together as a bunch. If the test result of the bunch is negative, then it is shown that none of the cases in the bunch has been infected with the novel coronavirus. On the contrary, if the test result of the bunch is positive, then the samples are tested one by one to confirm which cases are infected.FindingsIf the infection rate is extremely low, while the same number of detection kits is used, the expected number of cases that can be tested by the pool testing method is far more than that by the one-by-one testing method. The pool testing method is effective only when the infection rate is less than 0.3078. The higher the infection rate, the smaller the optimal sample size in one bunch. If N samples are tested by the pool testing method, while the sample size in one bunch is G, the number of detection kits required is in the interval (N/G, N).Originality/valueThis research proves that the pool testing method is not only suitable for the situation of the shortage of detection kits but also the situation of the overall or sampling detection for a large population. More importantly, it calculates the optimal sample size in one bunch corresponding to different infection rates. Additionally, a multiple sampling approach is proposed. In this approach, the whole testing process is divided into several rounds in which the sample sizes in one bunch are different. The actual infection rate is estimated gradually precisely by sampling inspection in each round.

Incorporating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mask supply chain into our framework and taking mask output as a state variable, our study introduces the differential game to study the long-term dynamic cooperation of a two-echelon supply chain composed of the supplier and the manufacturer under government subsidies. The study elaborates that government subsidies can provide more effective incentives for supply chain members to cooperate in the production of masks compared with the situation of no government subsidies. A relatively low wholesale price can effectively increase the profits of supply chain members and the supply chain system. The joint contract of two-way cost-sharing contract and transfer payment contract can promote production technology investment efforts of the supply chain members, the optimum trajectory of mask production, and total profit to reach the best state as the centralized decision scenario within a certain range. Meanwhile, it is determined that the profits of supply chain members in the joint contract can be Pareto improvement compared with decentralized decision scenario. With the increase of production technology investment cost coefficients and output self-decay rate, mask outputs have shown a downward trend in the joint contract decision model. On the contrary, mask outputs would rise with growing sensitivity of mask output to production technology investment effort and increasing sensitivity of mask demand to mask output.

中国文化“走出去”有助于深化文明交流互鉴,从而提高中国文化产品出口贸易效率.文章借助随机前沿模型,以“一带一路”62个沿线国家2003-2017年的面板数据为依据,研究中国在“一带一路”沿线国家的文化产品出口贸易效率,并从中国文化“走出去”视角出发,使用两步系统动态GMM方法分析影响中国文化产品出口贸易效率的主要因素.结果 显示:中国在“一带一路”沿线国家的文化产品出口贸易效率正不断提升,文化产品出口贸易效率具有提升潜力;影响中国文化产品出口贸易效率提升的重要因素有:汉语国际教育、旅游外交、文化同源和互联网发展水平等;在不同国家、地区,不同文化产品种类上,中国文化产品出口贸易效率存在较大的差异.

At present, several countries, such as Germany and India, have employed a pool testing method on the nucleic acid testing of COVID-19 for the shortage of detection kits. In this method, the testing is performed on several samples of the cases together as a bunch. If the test result of the bunch is negative, then it is shown that none of the cases in the bunch has been infected with the novel coronavirus. On the contrary, if the test result of the bunch is positive, then the samples are tested one by one to confirm which cases are infected. We verified that the pool testing method of COVID-19 is effective in the situation of the shortage of nucleic acid detection kits based on probabilistic modeling. Moreover, the following interesting results are also obtained. (1) If the infection rate is extremely low, while the same number of detection kits are used, the expected number of cases that can be tested by the pool testing method is far more than that by the one-by-one testing method. (2) The pool testing method is effective only when the infection rate is less than 0.3078. While the infection rate decreases from 0.3078 to 0.0018, the optimal sample sizes in one bunch increases from 3 to 25. In general, the higher the infection rate, the smaller the optimal sample size in one bunch. (3) If N samples are tested by the pool testing method, while the sample size in one bunch is G, the number of detection kits required is in the interval (N/G, N). Additionally, the lower the infection rate, the fewer detection kits are needed. Therefore, the pool testing method is not only suitable for the situation of the shortage of detection kits, but also the situation of the overall or sampling detection for a large population.

为探究公众应急避难场所感知对疏散行为的影响机制,基于行为地理学理论,构建了包含风险感知、安全意识、疏散经历、应急避难场所感知和疏散行为5个变量的理论模型,并根据所收集的有效样本数据,利用结构方程模型对其进行了实证检验.研究表明:应急避难场所感知、风险感知及安全意识对疏散行为具有显著的正向影响,风险感知和安全意识通过应急避难场所感知对疏散行为产生部分中介作用,疏散经历在风险感知影响疏散行为的过程中具有显著调节作用.