IntroductionSaline-alkali soils are a major constraint to mung bean cultivation and extension, and prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) can enhance plant tolerance to saline-alkali stress.MethodsIn order to explore the regulatory effect and mechanism of Pro-Ca on mung bean growth under saline-alkali stress, the morphology, ultrastructure, physiological indicators, and gene expression were measured in this study.ResultsThe results indicate that Pro-Ca can improve the adaptability of mung bean to saline-alkali stress. Specifically, it manifests as increasing dry matter accumulation, protecting the structural integrity and quantity of organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, enhancing photosynthetic capacity, increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and the content of osmoregulatory substances. These changes may be related to the enhanced expression of calcium signal transmission and the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), polyamines and jasmonic acid in the root system under saline-alkali stress.DiscussionOur findings partially explain the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which Pro-Ca enhances the tolerance and adaptability of mung bean plants to saline-alkali stress. This may become an effective strategy for the utilization of saline-alkali soil.

IntroductionRice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae has long been the main cause of rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield reduction worldwide. The quinone external inhibitor pyraclostrobin is widely used as a fungicide to effectively control the spread of pathogenic fungi, including M. oryzae. However, M. oryzae can develop resistance through multiple levels of mutation, such as target protein cytb mutation G143A/S, leading to a decrease in the effectiveness of the biocide after a period of application. Therefore, uncovering the possible mutational mechanisms from multiple perspectives will further provide feasible targets for drug development.MethodsIn this work, we determined the gene expression changes in M. oryzae in response to pyraclostrobin stress and their relationship with DNA methylation by transcriptome and methylome.ResultsThe results showed that under pyraclostrobin treatment, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were enhanced, suggesting that more aberrant proteins may be generated that need to be cleared. DNA replication and repair processes were inhibited. Glutathione metabolism was enhanced, while lipid metabolism was impaired. The number of alternative splicing events increased. These changes may be related to the elevated methylation levels of cytosine and adenine in gene bodies. Both hypermethylation and hypomethylation of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) mainly occurred in exons and promoters. Some DMGs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated to the same pathways by GO and KEGG, including protein processing in the ER, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, RNA transport and glutathione metabolism, suggesting that pyraclostrobin may affect gene expression by altering the methylation patterns of cytosine and adenine.DiscussionOur results revealed that 5mC and 6mA in the gene body are associated with gene expression and contribute to adversity adaptation in M. oryzae. This enriched the understanding for potential mechanism of quinone inhibitor resistance, which will facilitate the development of feasible strategies for maintaining the high efficacy of this kind of fungicide.

研究生是国家高科技创新人才的后备力量,研究生创新能力培养关系着国家未来科技发展.本研究基于27所高校215份问卷调查,针对研究生创新能力现状和研究生创新能力培养的限制因素进行调查分析.发现知识面较窄,知识储备单一和个人创新自学能力不足,是限制当前农学类研究生科研创新的关键因素.思政教育在培养德才兼备的高端创新人才中起着重要的引导和促进作用.97％ 的学生认为思政教育对自身的健康发展和综合素质的提高具有帮助,且更倾向于通过课堂教学、实验、实习、毕业设计等环节以润物细无声的方式进行.

地方普通高等农业院校是我国农学类研究生培养的重要力量之一,为地方区域经济的高质量发展提供重要的农业技术与管理等方面的人才支撑.然而多数此类高校在生源、经费来源、培养条件等方面受到诸多客观因素的限制,在新形势下如何提升研究生培养质量,一直是各地方高校努力探索和致力于去解决的问题.本文通过和谐融洽的导学关系、适合的导学团队、系统的文献研读、新理念的科研平台、科学安排Seminar组会及研究生适度参与助教工作等几个方面,结合课题研究及自身情况分析,阐述了如何提高研究生培养质量.在中国经济、社会发展与教育水平快速提高的时代,高等农业院校应肩负起农学类高层次应用型人才培养的重任.

为探究植物生长调节剂噻苯隆(Thidiazuron)对大豆生育关键时期光合特性及碳代谢与产量的影响,2020 年以"垦农18"大豆品种为试验材料,待大豆植株生长至盛花期叶面喷施不同浓度的噻苯隆调节剂,并测定不同浓度处理的大豆光合色素含量、光合参数、荧光特性、碳代谢关键酶活性、糖含量及大豆单株产量.结果表明,噻苯隆有助于增加大豆光合色素含量;在处理后18d有效促进光合系统Ⅱ的光合活力,改善荧光反应活性;净光合速率和气孔导度显著提高,叶片光合能力增强;碳代谢关键酶活性提升,光合产物蔗糖、淀粉及可溶性糖含量升高,产量增加,可为调节剂噻苯隆在大豆优质高效生产中的科学利用提供理论参考.

转录因子在稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)的生长发育、逆境适应以及致病性中发挥着重要作用.为明确类SRRM1转录因子调控的pre-mRNA剪接与稻瘟病菌生长发育和逆境适应的关系,采用以基因重组原理为基础的基因定点敲除技术获取类SRRM1基因缺失菌株,并分析营养生长及逆境适应.结果表明,本研究成功构建敲除载体并敲除了稻瘟病菌Y34菌株中的类SRRM1基因,获得基因缺失突变体.稻瘟病菌中类SRRM1基因缺失未明显影响其营养生长,但对刚果红、十二烷基硫酸钠、山梨醇、NaCl及杀菌剂吡唑醚菌酯逆境胁迫敏感,表现为抗逆性减弱.类SRRM1在稻瘟病菌逆境适应过程中发挥重要作用.

创新创业人才需要具备多方面的知识和能力,跨学科人才培养方案对创新创业人才的培养极具优势.生物学的多学科交叉特点有利于实施跨学科教育.跨学科教育增强了学生的创新和创业能力,学生在大学生创新创业项目和中国"互联网+"大学生创新创业大赛中表现出色.创新创业人才的跨学科培养模式有利于培养具有创新创业能力的大学生.

The National Life Science Competition for College Students（CULSC）is one of the authoritative top-level national competitions with the most gold content and competition value among biology majors.On March 22nd,2021,it was included in the list of national college students’ competitions,and it was one of the 57 national college students’ academic competitions officially recognized by the Ministry of Education.The contest is dedicated to strengthening the inter-disciplinary contact and training the experimental ability,critical thinking ability and teamwork spirit of biology students.The Biotechnology major of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University was established in 1994 and was rated as provincial key major in 1997,2002,2006 and 2011.In recent years,based on the vigorous development of CULSC,the teaching model of biotechnology specialty has been adjusted accordingly.Based on the actual development of biotechnology major in Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,this paper investigates the willingness of students to participate in the competition.This paper discusses the promoting effect of life science competition on the teaching reform of biotechnology specialty from the aspects of curriculum system,resource allocation and discipline integration.In order to provide a new idea for the teaching reform of biotechnology specialty.

为获得抗(耐)连作障碍的植物根际促生菌(plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR),解决连作障碍对大豆的不良影响,从黑龙江大庆市林甸县试验基地采集连作多年的大豆根际土,从中分离筛选具有解磷和固氮的功能的菌株,进行形态学、生理生化指标、16S rDNA分子生物学鉴定,并对菌株的解磷、分泌IAA(3-吲哚乙酸)能力及ACC脱氨酶活性进行测定,对菌株对种子萌发和苗期的促生作用进行研究和分析.结果得到22株PGPR菌株经鉴定分别属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),肠杆菌属(Enterobacter),土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium),柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter),沙雷氏菌属(Serratia),克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella).菌株的有效溶磷量范围为0.19～17.49 mg·L-1;菌株均有固氮能力;菌株的IAA产量范围为17.72～88.21μg·mL-1;菌株的ACC脱氨酶活性范围为0.33～0.67 U·mg-1.一株菌株对大豆种子萌发有显著促进作用;两株菌株对大豆苗期促生效果明显.研究结果可为后续PGPR微生物菌肥的研制与开发提供试验基础.

SUMOylation is an important posttranslational modification of eukaryotes that is widely present in metabolic regulation processes under various stresses. SIZ1 is a SUMO E3 ligase that plays a key role in substrate-specific recognition and directly promotes the binding of SUMO proteins to target proteins. Here, we reviewed the characteristics of SUMO as well as SUMOylation and the role of the SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses such as abnormal temperature, drought, salinization, phosphorus and nitrogen deficiency, heavy metal and metalloid toxicity, light exposure and reactive oxygen species. This review will enhance our understanding of these stressors and provide a useful reference for appropriate crop improvement, especially in suboptimal environments. Moreover, we provide a reference for future research on the role of SUMOylation in plant responses to abiotic stress.

为探究植物生长调节剂噻苯隆(Thidiazuron)对大豆籽粒建成及氮代谢的影响,本研究以大豆品种东农豆252为材料,在盆栽条件下,设置盛花期喷施不同浓度(0.2,1.0和5.0 mg·L-1)噻苯隆处理,测定不同浓度处理下的大豆单株产量、籽粒形态、氮代谢关键酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量和氨基酸含量,并分析噻苯隆对大豆氮素代谢和籽粒建成的影响.结果表明:噻苯隆处理可显著提高大豆单株籽粒产量,0.2,1.0和5.0 mg·L-1处理分别比对照显著提高14.28％、14.89％和14.29％.噻苯隆处理对大豆单株产量的提高,一方面归因于单株荚数的增加;另一方面归因于粒重的提高,处理后45 d,0.2,1.0和5.0 mg·L-1处理籽粒干重分别比对照显著提高11.15％、11.51％和10.08％.对于氮素代谢,0.2～1.0 mg·L-1噻苯隆处理,一方面可提高大豆叶片氮代谢关键酶活性,促进籽粒形成前期(噻苯隆处理后9～18 d)叶片可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸的积累;另一方面可促进氮素由叶片向籽粒的转运,籽粒形成后期(处理后36～45 d)大豆叶片游离氨基酸含量比对照显著降低;进而提高籽粒氮素代谢水平,籽粒氮素代谢关键酶活性提高,籽粒可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸积累增加.综上,噻苯隆处理可以促进大豆叶片氮素代谢,强化氮素向籽粒的转运和积累,提高大豆籽粒干重,达到增产效果.其中0.2～1.0 mg·L-1浓度范围的噻苯隆处理效果较佳.

以绿丰2号和绿丰5号为试验材料,于第1片复叶展开期进行150mmol/L的混合盐碱胁迫及叶面喷施不同浓度的调环酸钙(Pro-Ca),再继续培养15d后取样,研究不同浓度的Pro-Ca对绿豆苗期生长的调控作用.结果表明,叶面喷施适宜浓度的Pro-Ca(100mg/L)可通过增加渗透物质含量、提升抗氧化酶活性及降低MDA含量来维持细胞渗透势,消除活性氧,降低膜质过氧化程度,保护细胞膜结构,从而缓解盐碱胁迫对绿豆幼苗植株造成的伤害,提高绿豆幼苗抗盐碱的能力,具体表现为100mg/LPro-Ca处理下绿丰2号和绿丰5号株高分别降低29.64％和21.72％,地下干重分别增加33.33％和50.00％,根冠比分别增加42.86％和8.33％,叶绿素含量分别增加 15.77％和 18.55％.

As two coexisting abiotic stresses, salt stress and alkali stress have severely restricted the development of global agriculture. Clarifying the plant resistance mechanism and determining how to improve plant tolerance to salt stress and alkali stress have been popular research topics. At present, most related studies have focused mainly on salt stress, and salt-alkali mixed stress studies are relatively scarce. However, in nature, high concentrations of salt and high pH often occur simultaneously, and their synergistic effects can be more harmful to plant growth and development than the effects of either stress alone. Therefore, it is of great practical importance for the sustainable development of agriculture to study plant resistance mechanisms under saline-alkali mixed stress, screen new saline-alkali stress tolerance genes, and explore new plant salt-alkali tolerance strategies. Herein, we summarized how plants actively respond to saline-alkali stress through morphological adaptation, physiological adaptation and molecular regulation.

利用大豆基因组数据库Phytozome v12.1.6获得大豆DNA脱甲基化相关基因Glyma03g34860和Glyma10g07601的CDS序列,以大豆叶片RNA为模板,RT-PCR克隆获得Glyma03g34860基因大小为5226 bp,Gly-ma10g07601基因大小为6045 bp.利用STRING在线软件预测这两个转录本的互作蛋白质完全一致,主要互作蛋白8个,包括一个AP位点裂解酶和2个RNA聚合酶亚基;采用qRT-PCR分析他们对大豆连作综合逆境胁迫的响应.结果表明:连作综合逆境胁迫使Glyma03g34860和Glyma10g07601的表达均不同程度上调,其中,Glyma10g07601基因在大豆品种安达农家、黑大豆、绥农14和黑农40达显著水平(P<0.05),分别增加1.37、1.22、1.98倍和1.67倍;Glyma03g34860基因在大豆品种垦丰16、绥农14达显著水平(P<0.05),分别增加1.62倍和1.65倍,因此推测他们可能通过使基因组DNA脱甲基化而参与大豆连作综合逆境胁迫的响应.

以黑龙江八一农垦大学生物科学类专业为例,探讨了"大类招生,分流培养"的人才培养模式,从分流制度、专业宣讲、专业设置、培养方案、课程体系、教学方式等方面进行实践,在培养"宽口径、厚基础"的高素质应用型人才方面取得了一定的成效,可为同类院校相近专业分流培养提供参考.

以绿豆品种绿丰2号为试验材料,以研制的绿豆专用型种衣剂包衣为处理,以常规大豆种衣剂(CK1)及微生物种衣剂包衣(CK2)为阳性对照,以未进行包衣的空白种子为阴性对照(CKW),测定其对绿豆形态指标与光合特性的影响.结果表明:运用适宜浓度(活性成分用量分别为100％(Z3)、125％(Z4))的绿豆专用种衣剂可有效增加绿豆总叶绿素含量与净光合速率(二者均显著高于对照CK0、CK1及CKW)、气孔导度(Z3处理高于各对照46.97％～84.82％,达极显著水平),改善光合性能;与常规大豆种衣剂包衣相比降低绿豆株高0.20～1.63 cm,茎粗提高2.07％～6.74％,根长以及侧根数分别增加14.85％～20.30％与11.81％～27.57％,进而调控绿豆苗期地上地下干物质积累与植株形态,确保绿豆苗期健康生长.

[目的]进一步了解分支点结合蛋白(branchpoint-bridging protein,BBP)在真菌中的生物学功能.[方法]利用多种生物信息学软件和网站对9种真菌[稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、小麦全蚀病菌(Gaeumannomyces tritici)、粗糙脉孢菌(Neurospora crassa)、西瓜炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum orbiculare)、白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、水稻恶苗病菌(Fusarium fujikuroi)和立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)]的BBP进行预测分析,包括蛋白与基因的基本信息、理化性质、亚细胞定位、信号肽与跨膜螺旋结构、蛋白质空间构象及磷酸化位点与SUMO化位点,并构建系统进化树.[结果]BBP的分子量在50812.65～68306.99 Da,均为碱性不稳定的亲水性蛋白,存在于细胞核中,无信号肽及跨膜螺旋,磷酸化位点及占比相似,α螺旋是主要的二级结构,均具有SF1-HH、KH_dom和Znf_CCHC结构域,然而酿酒酵母ONH80283.1和立枯丝核菌CCO28600.1与其他真菌BBP相比在分子进化和空间构象上有较明显差异,且CCO28600.1的SUMO化位点较多.[结论]9种常见真菌中,酿酒酵母和立枯丝核菌的BBP结构比较特殊,BBP在稻瘟病菌、小麦全蚀病菌、粗糙脉孢菌、西瓜炭疽病菌、白僵菌、尖孢镰刀菌、水稻恶苗病菌中进化比较保守.

Alternative splicing is a common but complex posttranscriptional regulatory process in eukaryotes, through which multiple different transcripts are produced from a single pre-mRNA. An increasing number of studies have revealed that alternative splicing is widespread in fungi. Intron retention (IR) is considered the most prevalent splicing type due to the relatively short introns and long exons involved in this process. Alternative splicing is coordinated by a variety of factors, including genomic structure characteristics, TPP riboswitches, splicing factors and DNA methylation, and is involved in the regulation of growth and development, and the improvement of survivability and pathogenicity. Taken together, the results show that alternative splicing events are fungal evolutionary adaptations to changing external conditions.

Anaerobic digestion of cattle manure has a low efficiency due to the high hydraulic retention time (HRT) required to degrade the abundant degradation-resistant compositions, co-digestion with food waste is effective at improving the methane production. Lowering the HRT can therefore increase the methanogenic efficiency during co-digestion. This study considered the effects of different HRTs (25, 20,15,10, 7, 5, and 4 days) on cattle manure and food waste co-digestion. The highest methane production was achieved at 1.48 Mid with an HRT of 5 days. The maximum methane yields (236-257 mL/g-VS) were attained at HRT >= 15 days and decreasing the HRT to 10-5 days resulted in low methane yields and complete process failure at HRT 4 days, due to volatile fatty acids accumulated and microorganisms washed out. From a high HRT of 20 days to a low HRTs of 5 days, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant bacteria and the percentage of syntrophic acetate oxidizing bacteria (mainly Pelotomaculum and Pseudotherrnotoga) clearly increased. The dominant methanogen changed from the acetotrophic Methanosaeta to the hydrogenophilic Methanobrevibacter. These results enable biogas plants to utilize surplus amounts of cow manure and food waste in a sustainable manner with high process capacity and methane recovery. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

稻瘟病菌是重要的模式致病真菌,该菌引发的稻瘟病也是全球水稻最严重的病害之一,因此对稻瘟病菌的研究具有重要的学术意义和实际价值.细胞周期受多层次、多因子共同调控,其相关控制蛋白在真菌的形态建成、发育分化、逆境适应及致病性等方面发挥重要作用.为明确稻瘟病菌细胞周期控制蛋白的生物信息学特性,利用多种生物信息学软件和网站对获得的3种细胞周期控制蛋白Cwf19、Cwf16和Cwf14的理化性质、亚细胞定位、分子进化、翻译后修饰、空间结构、互作蛋白等进行分析,探讨了其可能的作用机制,为进一步利用反向遗传学手段深入研究其生物学功能奠定基础.