为了研究不同组合山羊的杂交效果,试验分4组,BC组波尔山羊(公)×崇明白山羊(母)F1代母羊、CC组崇明白山羊(公)×崇明白山羊(母)F1代母羊、NC组努比山羊(公)×崇明白山羊(母)F1代母羊、NW组努比山羊(公)×(波尔山羊×崇明白山羊)(母)F1代母羊,测定屠宰性能和肉品质.结果表明:BC组和NW组的屠宰率、骨重和肉骨比均显著高于CC组(P<0.05);BC组和NW组的屠宰率、骨重和肉骨比均显著高于CC组(P<0.05);BC组和NC组的眼肌面积显著高于CC组;BC组、NC组和NW组的GR值显著高于CC组(P<0.05);BC组、CC组、NC组和NW组的水分含量、粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量差异均不显著(P>0.05);CC组和NW组的亮度L显著高于BC组(P<0.05),NW组的亮度L显著高于NC组(P<0.05);CC组的红度a显著高于BC组(P<0.05);BC组的黄度b显著低于CC组、NC组和NW组(P<0.05);CC组的滴水损失显著高于NC组(P<0.05),NW组的滴水损失显著高于BC组(P<0.05);CC组的熟肉率显著高于NC组(P<0.05);BC组、CC组和NC组的剪切力显著高于NW组(P<0.05).可见,波尔山羊(公)×崇明白山羊(母)F1代母羊(BC组)在胴体重、净肉重、眼肌面积、GR值、黄度b等指标具有显著优势,可提高山羊生产性能.

为更好地了解崇明白山羊不同阶段的体重特性,采用上海崇明园都畜牧养殖有限公司2016-2022年4 375只崇明白山羊种羊的数据资料,基于ASReml运用单性状个体动物模型和多性状个体动物模型开展了崇明白山羊不同阶段体重性状遗传参数估计和遗传评定.结果表明,崇明白山羊初生重、断奶重、6月龄重、12月龄重和18月龄重的遗传力均为中高遗传力;初生重与断奶重、6月龄重、12月龄重、18月龄重均呈正遗传相关(r分别为0.54、0.63、0.47、0.44,P＜0.05),断奶重与6月龄重、18月龄重呈正遗传相关(r分别为0.57、0.72,P＜0.001),6月龄重与12月龄重、18月龄重呈正遗传相关(r分别为0.96、0.93,P＜0.001),12月龄重与18月龄重呈正遗传相关(r=0.92,P＜0.001);6月龄重与12月龄重表型相关系数为0.57(P＜0.001)、与18月龄重表型相关系数为0.55(P＜0.001),12月龄重与18月龄重表型相关系数为0.61(P＜0.001),其余性状表型相关系数均小于0.50;初生重、断奶重、6月龄重、12月龄重和18月龄重的平均育种值分别为0.48、0.35、1.62、2.65和2.37.综上,养殖场可在崇明白山羊断奶和6月龄等早期阶段进行选留,以缩短育肥周期,提升养殖效益.

为更好地保护和利用崇明白山羊资源,采用GBS测序技术分析了崇明白山羊的遗传结构,研究了其群体遗传多样性和分子亲缘关系等.结果表明,崇明白山羊的有效群体含量86,多态性标记比例0.993,期望杂合度和观察杂合度分别为0.30和0.29;崇明白山羊群体间亲缘关系较远,170只公羊划分为30个家系,群体的平均近交系数值为0.0006.综上所述,崇明白山羊群体有效含量高,群体间亲缘关系较远,目前不存在近交,但是存在大量公羊在多个家系分布的情况,因此,在接下来的公羊选留中,优先淘汰在多个家系均存在的公羊,保留各个家系独有的公羊,同时参考亲缘关系系数,合理制定公母羊配种方案,为后续开展崇明白山羊的保种和开发利用工作奠定基础.

本实验旨在研究崇明白山羊的生长发育规律.测定不同性别崇明白山羊0～18月龄的体重、体高、体长和胸围,采用Gompertz、Logistic和Von Bertalanffy 3种非线性生长模型进行生长曲线拟合.结果 表明:3种模型均能较好地拟合崇明白山羊体重和体尺的生长曲线(R2＞0.97),其中Von Bertalanffy模型的拟合效果最好(R2＞0.99),但在0～2月龄的拟合效果较差,3种模型估计的公羊拐点月龄均迟于母羊;各月龄公羊体重、体高和体长均高于同期母羊,羔羊的日增重和相对生长率随着月龄的增加而逐渐下降.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of diet supplemented with different amounts of isoflavone aglycones on the oxidative stress parameters,immunoglobulin in milk of ewes and growth of lambs during late pregnancy to lactation.A that of 33 female Chongming white goats on day 100 of gestation (with similar age,weight and parity) were randomly divided into 3 groups.The control group (C0 group,11 ewes) was fed with basal diet while the experiment groups were supplemented with 20 mg/kg (T1 group,9 ewes) and 30 mg/kg (T2 group,13 ewes) isoflavone aglycones in the basal diet respectively.The results showed that:The litter size,the litter birth weight,the litter weaning weight and the litter daily gain in T1 group and T2 group were significantly higher than those in C0 group (P＜0.05);On the 1st day of lactation,the level of serum H2O2 of ewes in T2 group was significantly lower than that in C0 group and T1 group (P＜0.05).Compared to T1 group and T2 group,T-SOD activity of serum in C0 group was the highest (P＜0.05),and T-AOC was the lowest(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in MDA among the three groups (P＞0.05).On the 21 st day of lactation,the level of serum H2O2 of ewes in T2 group was significantly lower than that in C0 group and T1 group (P＜0.05).Compared to C0 group and T2 group,T-SOD activity of serum of T1 group was the highest (P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in T-AOC and MDA among the three groups (P＞0.05);The amount of immunoglobulin A in colostrum in T1 group and T2 group was significantly higher than that in C0 group (P＜0.05).The results suggested that diet supplemented with isoflavone aglycones to ewes during late pregnancy to lactation could effectively reduce oxidative damage,increase the amount of immunoglobulin in colostrum and promote the growth of lambs.Dietary supplementation with 30 mg/kg isoflavone aglycones was more significant.

This study was conducted to investigate the oxidative stress and damage status of breeding goats at different breeding stages and different parities.In test 1,Chongming white goats with similar body weight and physical condition at 2 to 3 parities at different breeding stages were used,and the stages were as follows.:nonpregnant stage,pregnant stage (30,60 and 120 d),the parturition day and lactation stage (21 d),and five from each were used;in test 2,Chongming white goats at different parities were used,and the parities were nulliparity,1 parity,2 to 3 parities,4 to 5 parities and 6 and above parities,and five from each were used.Blood sample was collected to analysis serum free radical metabolism indexes [cortisol and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents],antioxidant indexes [total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC),and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and oxidative damage indexes [maleic dialdehyde (MDA),8-iso prostaglandin (8-ISO-PGF2α),8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG),and protein carbonyl (PC) contents].The results showed as follows:in test 1,from non-pregnant stage to lactation stage,serum contents of cortisol and H2O2 were firstly increased and then decreased,and reached the highest values on the parturition day,which were significantly higher than those at non-pregnant stage (P＜0.05);serum T-AOC and SOD activity were gradually increased,and lactation stage (21 d) was significantly higher than non-pregnant stage (P＜0.05);serum contents of MDA,8-ISO-PGF2oα and PC were firstly increased and then tended to be stable,and reached the highest values on the parturition day,which were significantly higher than those at non-pregnant stage (P＜0.05);serum 8-OHDG content was gradually increased,and reached the highest value at lactation stage (21 d),which was significantly higher than that at non-pregnant stage (P＜0.05).In test 2,with the increase of parities,there was no significant changes of serum cortisol content (P＞0.05),and serum H2O2 content at 4 to 5 parities and 6 and above parities was significantly higher than that at the other parities (P＜0.05);there was no significant change of serum T-AOC (P＜0.05),but serum activities of SOD and GSH-Px were gradually decreased,and 6 and above parities were significantly decreased compared with nulliparity (P＜0.05);serum contents of MDA,8-ISO-PGF2α,8-OHDG and PC were gradually increased,and 6 and above parities were significantly higher than parities (P＜0.05).In conclusion,with the development of pregnancy,free radical metabolism of goats is gradually enhanced,meanwhile,antioxidant capacity is also improved to keep the oxidant-antioxidant system balance;but due to the proliferation of reactive oxygen species from late-pregnant stage to lactation stage,the balance is broken,and strong oxidative damage is caused,with the increase of parities,the antioxidant capacity of goats get weak,high parities goats suffer strong oxidative damage.

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of fermented vegetable soybean straw (FSBS)on reproductive performances,colostrum quality and digestion in adult female goats.A total of 16 Chongming White pregnant goats with similar parity were randomly divided into 4 groups and were fed granular TMR with 0 (control group),17.5% (group A),35.0%(group B)and 52.5%(group C)FSBS,respectively.The results showed that:Compared with the control group and group A,the apparent digestibility of DM,CP,CF and OM of 30 days af-ter delivery in group C significantly increased (P <0.05).The contents of urea nitrogen among 4 groups had significant differences (P <0.05)and group C was the lowest;Lambing birth weight, weaning weight,the content of milk fat,protein,lactose,TS and SNF in group C were signifi-cantly higher than that in control group (P <0.05).In conclusion,FSBS could improve the repro-ductive performance and nutrient digestibility of adult female goats,its appropriate level in TMR should be 52.5%.

随着畜牧业的发展和养殖理念的提升，养殖户对动物疫病的态度从原来的有病治病、对症下药，发展到现今的预防为主、防治结合。应用兽用疫苗进行预防接种，已经成为养殖户预防各类动物疫病的重要手段之一。当兽用疫苗接种到动物体内后，需要经过一系列复杂的反应之后才能产生保护力，而这种保护力的产生受多种因素的影响。根据生产实践和调查分析，笔者就影响兽用疫苗接种效果因素和对策概括如下，为养殖场提高兽用疫苗免疫效果提供参考。

本试验选用26头育肥猪分为2组,分别为A组(对照组,使用基础日粮)、B组(试验组,添加0.1％的微生物饲料添加剂)进行育肥猪的生产性能及肉中胆固醇含量的测定.试验结果可知:中猪阶段,B组的平均日增重比A组提高3.33％；大猪阶段B组平均日增重、料重比均优于A组,平均日增重提高9.67％,料重比降低4.94％；试验全期,B组的平均日增重比A组提高6.85％,料重比下降1.24％,肉中胆固醇含量B组比A组下降24.77％.试验表明:微生物饲料添加剂对提高育肥猪的生产性能,降低肉中胆固醇含量均有积极的作用.