【Objective】3-year-old Shine Muscat grape under two-crop-a-year cultivation was used as the material to investigate the differences of physical and chemical indexes of basic quality, flavonoid components and contents between summer grape and winter grape, which would provide the theoretical basis for the quality control of Shine Muscat grape under two-crop-a-year cultivation.【Method】The climatic data, such as the sunshine duration, light intensity, temperature and rainfall during the whole growth period of Shine Muscat grape, were recorded. The physical and chemical indexes of basic quality in berries of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat were determined at the young fruit stage, expansion stage, softening stage, beginning maturity stage, and maturity stage, respectively. Meanwhile, the components and contents of flavonols and flavanols in the peel of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat grape were detected by LC-MS/MS.【Result】In terms of the climate factors, the summer grape of Shine Muscat displayed weak illumination and low temperature at early growth stage but strong illumination and high temperature at late growth stage of the whole developing period, while the winter grape was opposite. The average sunshine duration, average temperature and effective accumulated temperature in the growth period of summer grape were higher than those of winter grape, but the rainfall was lower than that of winter grape. The hydrothermal coefficient of summer grape was higher than that of winter grape from the beginning of maturity stage to maturity stage. In terms of the basic quality, the content of soluble solid of summer grape was significantly higher than that of winter grape at maturity stage, and the peel thickness of summer grape was significantly lower than that of winter grape. There was no significant difference in the single berry weight, fruit equatorial and longitudinal diameter and titratable acid content between summer and winter grape. In terms of the components and contents of flavonols, the content of total flavonols in peels of summer and winter grape showed a downward trend during the fruit developing stage. The content of total flavonols in different periods of summer grape was significantly higher than that of winter grape. The main flavonol in summer grape was quercetin-3-O-glucoside, while the main flavonol in winter grape was kaempferol-3-O-galactoside. In terms of the components and contents of flavanols, the content of total flavanols in summer and winter grape also showed a downward trend. The eight identical flavanols were detected in the peels of both summer and winter grape, and the main flavanols were catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B1. The contents of total flavanols, catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B1 in summer grape were significantly lower than those in winter grape during fruit development. The contents of gallic catechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and procyanidin B2 at fruit maturation stage of summer grape were significantly higher than those of winter grape. The principal component analysis showed that there were differences in flavonols between summer and winter fruits. The regression analysis showed that catechin, quercetin-3-O-Glucoside and procyanidin B1 were the main components for distinguishing the flavonoids from summer and winter grapes.【Conclusion】In the study conducting year, the quality of summer grape of Shine Muscat was better than that of winter grape. During the whole grape developing stage, the content of total flavonols in summer grape was significantly higher than that in winter grape, while the content of total flavanols in summer grape was significantly lower than that in winter grape. The main components of flavonols were different between summer and winter grape of Shine Muscat, while the main components of flavanols were the same, namely catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B1. The content of the main components of flavanols in winter grapes was significantly higher than that in summer grape, which might probably explained why the astringency taste of winter grape was stronger than that of summer grape. The differences in light and temperature during the growth period may be an important factor that caused the difference in the components and contents of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat.

[目的]分析一年两收栽培夏黑葡萄夏果和冬果的香气成分,为提高该品种的芳香品质及促进其一年两收栽培技术的发展提供理论依据.[方法]以8年生一年两收栽培的夏黑葡萄为试验材料,于始转色期、成熟期和成熟后期采集夏果和冬果.采用HS-SPME-GC-MS方法,分别对夏果和冬果3个时期的香气成分进行定性定量分析,并监控不同发育期持续天数、气象指标和浆果理化指标的变化.[结果]一年两收栽培夏黑葡萄从萌芽到成熟过程中,夏果的每日气温逐渐上升,而冬果的每日气温逐渐降低,冬果较夏果转色期更早,成熟期持续的时间更长.成熟期冬果可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量均高于夏果;夏果和冬果于始转色期、成熟期和成熟后期分别检测到48、51、47种和52、56、56种香气成分,包括醛类、醇类、酯类、酮类、萜烯类和酸类.冬果3个时期的香气成分总含量分别为472.83、1020.27和836.43μg/L,均显著高于夏果的459.39、638.57和659.20μg/L(P<0.05,下同).成熟期夏黑葡萄中香气成分含量最高的是醛类化合物,其次是醇类化合物,夏果和冬果中醛类化合物含量分别为446.34和600.18μg/L,醇类化合物含量分别为120.21和163.44μg/L.成熟期夏黑葡萄中单体类香气成分以C6化合物为主,其中含量最高的是青草及苹果香味的己醛,其后依次是草本香和果香型的2-己烯醛、(Z)-3-己烯醛和己醇,冬果中上述单体类化合物的含量均显著高于夏果.成熟期夏果和冬果中最具代表性的8个差异香气化合物为2-己烯醛、乙酸乙酯、香茅醇、苯乙醇、橙花醇、(Z)-3-己烯醛、香叶醇和辛酸乙酯,冬果中上述差异化合物的含量均显著高于夏果.通过对气候条件的分析,与夏果相比,夏黑葡萄冬果生长季后期冷凉的环境和更为干燥的气候是其香气成分含量显著高于夏果的主要原因.[结论]一年两收栽培模式下两季葡萄果实香气成分组成和含量的差异是气象因子综合作用的结果,冬果生长季的气候条件更有利于葡萄芳香品质的提高.

在广西地区避雨栽培模式下,以SO4、1103P、5BB、贝达和夏黑为砧木嫁接的3年生阳光玫瑰葡萄植株为试验材料,选用自根苗阳光玫瑰葡萄植株为对照,探讨了不同砧木对阳光玫瑰葡萄生长及果实品质的影响.研究发现,阳光玫瑰葡萄用贝达和1103P做砧木的树体长势旺盛,用5BB和SO4做砧木的树体长势较旺盛,用夏黑做砧木和自根的树体长势较弱.老叶净光合速率表现为SO4＞(1103P和5BB》＞(贝达、夏黑和自根).用1103P和5BB做砧木的果实可溶性固形物含量高,可滴定酸含量低,固酸比高,果实内在品质好;自根的果实可溶性固形物和总糖含量低,可滴定酸含量高,固酸比低,果实内在品质最差;其他处理的果实内在品质居中.为提高树体长势和果实品质,并降低葡萄根瘤蚜为害风险,建议广西推广种植阳光玫瑰葡萄时,宜选用1103P、5BB和SO4做砧木进行嫁接.