以'阳光玫瑰'葡萄为试材,记录试验果园葡萄夏果生长季光照强度与时数,并分析其与气象部门提供的日照时数的差异,测定叶片不同物候期的光饱和点、光补偿点,分析光照时数和强度对净光合速率和产量的影响.结果表明,气象站观测以直射光为主记录的日照时数明显低于果园记录的光照时数,并且未完全包含葡萄可利用光照强度的日照时数.不同物候期的'阳光玫瑰'葡萄叶片光补偿点范围为22.43～49.77μmol·m-2·s-1,叶片光饱和点范围为1 108.07～1 303.01 μmol·m-2·s-1.葡萄产量与光补偿点以上的光照时数的关系更为密切,在光补偿点以上的光照时数1 524.1 h(2018年)和1 579.8 h(2019年)下,产量分别为13 701.9和17 774.9kg·hm-2,且平均可溶性固形物大于17 Brix°.建议在葡萄生产和品质评价中,在掌握品种叶片光饱和点和光补偿点的基础上,综合考虑葡萄生长发育周期中光照时数和光照强度的影响.

探索补光对阳光玫瑰(Shine Muscat)葡萄冬季果实(冬果)膨大期内源激素积累及果实品质的影响,以期为提高阳光玫瑰葡萄冬果栽培效益提供理论依据.以2016年定植的阳光玫瑰葡萄为试材,在葡萄冬果膨大期进行每天夜间延长光照6h处理,分别连续延长补光4周、5周和6周,每周采样一次.测定葡萄果实中玉米核苷(ZR)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)和脱落酸(ABA)等4种内源激素含量,以及在果实成熟后测定果实品质的相关指标.结果 表明,葡萄冬果夜间补光可以提高果实IAA和GA3的含量,降低ABA的含量,其中补光6周处理的葡萄果实.IAA含量较高,比对照高83.4％,ABA含量比对照低62.30％.补光5周、6周处理对果实GA3含量提高较为明显.补光可以提高阳光玫瑰葡萄冬果单穗质量、单粒质量、可溶性固形物含量,降低可滴定酸含量,有效改善葡萄冬果的品质,增加冬果产量,明显增加经济效益.生产上建议在冬果膨大期进行补光处理,能增加冬果生长类内源激素的含量,增加产量,提高果实品质,其中补光时间以6周效果最好.

[目的]明确黄意大利、金手指和摩尔多瓦葡萄冬果的挥发性香气成分,为各品种一年两收栽培冬果的开发和利用提供理论依据.[方法]以顶空固相微萃取技术(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱—质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分别对3个鲜食葡萄冬果的挥发性香气成分进行定性定量分析,测定其香气成分和相对含量.[结果]黄意大利、金手指和摩尔多瓦葡萄冬果基本品质综合表现较好,其可溶性固形物含量均超过15.00％,总糖含量均高于170.00 mg/mL,可滴定酸含量分布在6.51～7.10 mg/mL,糖酸比在28.00左右.挥发性香气成分分别鉴定出46、34和38种,包括醛类、醇类、酯类、酮类、萜烯类和酸类等香气成分.3个葡萄品种香气成分相对含量最高的均为醛类化合物,且以C6醛类化合物为主,表现为草本香和果香;相对含量位居第二的均为醇类化合物,其中,黄意大利和摩尔多瓦冬果以C6醇为主,表现为草木香和果香,金手指则以C7醇为主,通常表现为花香.黄意大利、金手指和摩尔多瓦葡萄冬果醛类总相对含量分别为63.59％、68.91％和85.35％,其中,黄意大利冬果香气成分相对含量最高的是正己醛(52.41％),而金手指和摩尔多瓦为2-已烯醛(48.52％和53.69％).[结论]黄意大利、金手指和摩尔多瓦葡萄冬果的基本品质较优,香气种类较丰富,在一年两收栽培模式下发展冬果栽培具有良好前景.

在广西地区避雨栽培模式下,以SO4、1103P、5BB、贝达和夏黑为砧木嫁接的3年生阳光玫瑰葡萄植株为试验材料,选用自根苗阳光玫瑰葡萄植株为对照,探讨了不同砧木对阳光玫瑰葡萄生长及果实品质的影响.研究发现,阳光玫瑰葡萄用贝达和1103P做砧木的树体长势旺盛,用5BB和SO4做砧木的树体长势较旺盛,用夏黑做砧木和自根的树体长势较弱.老叶净光合速率表现为SO4＞(1103P和5BB》＞(贝达、夏黑和自根).用1103P和5BB做砧木的果实可溶性固形物含量高,可滴定酸含量低,固酸比高,果实内在品质好;自根的果实可溶性固形物和总糖含量低,可滴定酸含量高,固酸比低,果实内在品质最差;其他处理的果实内在品质居中.为提高树体长势和果实品质,并降低葡萄根瘤蚜为害风险,建议广西推广种植阳光玫瑰葡萄时,宜选用1103P、5BB和SO4做砧木进行嫁接.

[目的]探索广西气候条件下葡萄夏果采收后叶片光合特性变化,为葡萄栽培模式等理论研究和生产实际提供依据.[方法]以阳光玫瑰葡萄为材料,于2017年葡萄采收后75 d至开始落叶期间定时监测日平均温度、日光照时数和日平均光照度环境参数指标,同时测定第2、4、6、8、10、12和14节位叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值),分别在人工LED光源[红:蓝:白=90:5:5,1200μmol/(m2·s)]和自然光照下,利用CIRAS-3便捷式光合仪测定上述节位叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(E).[结果]葡萄采后75～110 d的日平均温度始终高于20℃、日照时数大于8.0 h、日平均光照度维持在28000.0 lx以上,各节位叶片SPAD值下降缓慢.在人工和自然光源下,总体上表现为采后110 d前高节位(第10、12和14节位)叶片的Pn、Gs和E显著高于基部(第2、4和6节位)叶片(P<0.05),各节位叶片Pn、Gs和E平缓下降;采后110 d后随各环境因子急剧下降,各节位叶片Pn、Gs、E和SPAD值也急剧下降,高、低节位间差距逐渐变小.在人工和自然光源下,随时间推移Ci不断升高,高节位叶片Ci低于基部叶片.[结论]广西南宁地区葡萄采收后4个月内温度和光照均处在较高水平,而葡萄基部叶片长期保持在较低的光合水平,不利于枝梢及叶片养分充分回流,影响第2季植株花芽分化及产量形成.因此,生产上建议去除基部叶片或采用破眠技术使葡萄休眠冬芽萌发新梢开启第2个生长周期,以充分利用桂南下半年丰富的温光资源.

[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to analyze the cultivation characteristics and fruit quali-ty of nine introduced table grape cultivars in Nanning,in order to provide reference for screening suitable table grape culti-var to cultivate in southern area of Guangxi.[Method]The phenophase and growth characteristics of nine table grape culti-vars introduced in Nanning were observed through field observation,including Guanghui,Red Barbra,Zhuosexiang,Zao-heibao,Rizamat,Goldfinger,Moldova,Yellow Italy and Lover. And fruit quality was determined and analyzed in laboratory.[Result]Among the nine introduced table grape cultivars,Yellow Italy,Guanghui,Moldova and Zhuosexiang performed better growth adaptability and bearing habit;their germination rates and bearing branch rates were above 80.0%. However, for the rest five cultivars,flower formations were difficult,and the bearing branch rates were below 60.0%. For the fruit quality,Yellow Italy showed fine comprehensive quality,with soluble solid content reaching 17.36% and total sugar content reaching 254.53 mg/mL. Guanghui exhibited big berry which was 9.99 g and uniform clusters. Zhuosexiang per-formed unique aroma. However,the soluble solid contents of Guanghui,Moldova and Zhuosexiang were low,which was around 15.00%.[Conclusion]Yellow Italy exhibits the most outstanding cultivation characters and fruit quality and can be promoted widely as medium-late maturing cultivar in southern area of Guangxi. Guanghui,Moldova and Zhuosexiang all perform good cultivation characteristics. Guanghui and Moldova can be promoted properly in southern area of Guangxi as early maturing cultivar and medium-late maturing cultivar respectively. Zhuosexiang can be planted in small scale with other main cultivars as early maturing cultivar with characteristics. Red Barbra,Zaoheibao,Rizamat,Goldfinger and Lover are not recommended for promotion and plantation in south area of Guangxi.

目的 探讨单侧腰椎-髂骨椎弓根钉棒系统在治疗骶髂关节结核中的应用价值.方法 选取青岛市胸科医院2007年1月至2014年12月临床确诊为骶髂关节结核的16例患者作为研究对象,包括男10例,女6例;年龄21～55岁,平均(38.0±5.2)岁;Kim分型,Ⅲ型5例、Ⅳ型11例.采用单侧腰椎-髂骨椎弓根钉棒系统对研究对象进行手术治疗,术前给予抗结核药物治疗、进行常规检查、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS).术后进行随访,观察患者影像学变化,并于末次随访时进行VAS评分.结果 本组16例患者手术时间平均为(118±21)min、出血量(402±76)ml,手术切口均工期愈合.16例患者术后随访时间为15～76个月,平均23个月,均无局部结核复发,术后3～7个月全身结核中毒症状消失.CT扫描显示,患者植骨均于术后6个月达骨性融合.16例患者术前VAS评分为(7.58±1.20)分,高于末次随访的(1.02±0.75)分,差异有统计学意义(t=9.47,P＜0.05).结论 单侧腰椎-髂骨椎弓根钉棒系统内固定病灶清除植骨融合治疗骶髂关节结核,可以迅速恢复骶髂关节的稳定性,缓解患者的临床症状.

[目的]探讨经多裂肌间隙后路多节段内固定、前路单节段(有限)融合治疗腰椎结核的临床价值.[方法]选取2009年9月～2014年1月青岛市胸科医院诊断为腰椎结核并行腰椎后路内固定+前路病灶清除手术患者102例,根据后侧入路方式分为两组:后正中切口组和多裂肌间隙组.对两组的手术时间、切口长度、出血量、VAS评分、病灶清除范围、脊柱矫形、植骨融合情况、内固定取出手术时间、出血量等指标进行统计学分析.[结果]后路手术时间后正中切口组为(65.2±8.5) min,多裂肌间隙组为(41.5±6.4) min,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);后路切口长度分别为(12.5±1.35) cm,(5.8±0.2) cm,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);出血量两组分别为(208.4±25.3) ml,(97.3±18.6) ml,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);VAS评分在术后l周、1个月,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).前路病灶清除有限融合手术病灶显露充分,能够顺利完成病灶清除和植骨融合.[结论]经多裂肌间隙入路后路内固定符合微创理论,能够满足腰椎结核后路内固定手术要求;前路单节段融合减少了对正常椎间盘的破坏,保护了脊柱功能单位,提高了患者的生活质量,值得在腰椎结核手术中推广.

Objective To compare the differences of minimally invasive small incision next to positive multifidus muscle gap approach and posterior midline approach in lumbar tuberculosis posterior surgery.Methods 90 cases of lumbar tuberculosis in our surgical department from January 2009 to March 2013 were randomly divided into two groups, multifidus muscle gap approach with small incision on the sides of spinous process group (observation group) and posterior midline approach group (control group), the index (operation time, blood loss, visual analogue scale, wound hematoma) were compared before and after surgery, follow-up of MR imaging in the lumbar spine were done in 6 months after remove internal fixation, compared using thettest or chi-square test between groups.Results Treatment and control groups were statistically significant in operative time, (93±12.40)minvs. (150±16.90)min (t=18.381,P<0.01), bleeding, (121±39.62)ml vs. (340±47.83)ml (t=23.897,P<0.01), cut the lead flow, (56±14.2)ml vs. (131±11.5)ml (t=27.533,P<0.01) and the drainage tube removal time, (39±8.5)h vs. (51±11.1)h (t=5.758,P<0.01). Postoperative VAS scores of treatment and control groups in one week were 3.28±1.02 vs.4.49±1.13 (t=5.972,P<0.01); one month: 2.16±0.81 vs.3.54±0.88 (t=7.740,P<0.01); 3 months: 1.03±0.75 vs.2.42±0.64 (t=9.457,P<0.01), there is a statistically significant difference. The number of cases of fibrosis and high-density zones in the surgical field gap multifidus muscle appearing in the follow-up MR imaging (6 months after remove internal fixation) in the treatment group and the control group were 7 cases and 28 cases, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=20.618,P<0.01). Conclusion Multifidus muscle gap approach with small incision on the sides of spinous process in posterior surgery in lumbar tuberculosis is sufficient for pedicle screw implantation, and the healing of small incision is satisfied, patients feel less pain, it is better than posterior midline approach and deserve the clinical expansion.

为研究避雨栽培及覆盖地膜对葡萄园小气候的影响,试验调查了5个不同处理的叶幕层温度以及棚下温度情况,并对高温伤害致使葡萄果穗萎缩情况进行了调查分析。结果表明:避雨栽培会明显提高叶幕层及棚下温度,而覆盖地膜栽培对小气候温度的影响不明显。

[Objective]To seek for the winter grape pregermination period. [Method]Three vineyard in different locations were pruned and investigated for the pre-germination duration at 5 day intervals from 5 to 20 August, every five days for a treatment and statistical analysis was done for winter grapes flowers at different pregermination time. [Result]The results showed that, for pregermination periods on 5,10,15 and 20 August, floral branches rate were 59.15%,61.4%,83.59% and 58.97% respectively, floral spike rate were 88.39%,86.26%,127.66% and 96.94% respectively, and the supreme was on 15 August. [Conclusion]Buding at about 15 August is beneficial for winter grape into flower in Kyoho grape.

2005年6月～2009年12月,我们采用腋下小切口微创剖胸行胸椎椎体爆裂性骨折并脊髓损伤、胸椎结核椎体破坏并椎旁脓肿、胸椎原发和转移性肿瘤的手术治疗,经临床观察效果良好.现报告如下.

[目的]采用传统后外侧切口和腋下微创切口剖胸行胸椎结核手术,探讨两种手术入路的应用价值。[方法]采用微创剖胸入路开胸行胸椎结核手术28例,设立对照传统后外侧切口开胸28例,观察手术切口长度、出血量、开胸时间、病灶清除范围、关胸时间、胸腔引流量、术后并发症以及患者的恢复情况并和对照组比较,通过SPSS11.5对数据进行分析,P<0.05为有统计学意义。[结果]2组病例均能完成T3～12椎体的显露和病灶的清除以及椎间的植骨融合和内固定,微创入路组在切口长度、出血量、开胸时间、关胸时间以及胸腔引流量与对照组比较,差别有统计学意义(p<0.05)。微创入路组在切口的隐蔽程度、对肩关节活动的影响及术后疼痛等方面均优于对照组。[结论]微创剖胸入路能顺利完成T3～12胸椎结核手术,其手术创伤较传统的后外侧剖胸入路明显降低。

BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated that in vitro pre -treatment and conservation of blood vessels were improved remarkably; however, they remained still satisfactory. Therefore, to look for effective method still needs to be further studied. OBJECTIVE: To compare vitrification and traditional freezing to preserve the allograft vascular effects after transplantation, and to find a more practical and easy production of vascular treatment methods. METHODS: A total of 96 health bruising-blue rabbits, undergoing surgical resection of bilateral femoral artery, were divided into 3 groups: fresh vascular autograft (group A), irradiation pretreatment frozen vascular allograft (group B), and vitrification + irradiation pretreatment of vascular allograft (group C), according to different methods of in vitro vascular preconditioning experiment. At 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after transplantation, six experimental animals were taken from each group for abdominal aortic digital subtraction angiography, scanning electron microscopy, histopathology and other methods to observe the rate of aneurysm formation, morphological changes and organization of the vascular graft. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 12 weeks after transplantation, the cumulative patency rate in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group B (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference between group C and group A as well as group B (P > 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed that allograft vascular smooth muscle proliferation in endometrium and middle layer of group C was slightly compared with group B, showing unclear lumen stenosis and light inflammatory reaction. The vitrification irradiation preservation of allograft blood vessels, making the procedure easy, high patency rate of grafts, tissue reaction to light, was an ideal way to deal with allogenic blood vessels in vitro.

[Objective]To investigate the effect of an effervescent-sucrose on the properties of calcium phosphate cement. [Method]The sucrose particles were mixed with CPC powder at sucrose/(sucrose+CPC powder) mass percentage of 0%,10%,20%,30%,40%.The samples were characterized by compressive strength,X-ray diffraction,SEM techniques and degradation in vivo.[Result]The samples decreased on the mechanical properties and increased on the rate of macropore and total porosity,they were effected significantly among groups by added effervescent(P< 0.01).The rate of macropore and total porosity of 30%CPC had 22.8%,62.9%,respectively;40%CPC had 39.7%,70.3%,respectively,however,it' s compressive strength significantly decreased from 5.4MPa to 2.6MPa.XRD indicated the transformation of apatite was promote by increasing the effervescent.The biodegradation of samples had significant difference between 0%CPC and 30%CPC(P<0.01),it demonstrated the CPC with macropore can promote degradation and resorption.[Conclusion]30%CPC has proper compressive strength,the rate of macropore and total porosity,and accelerates biodegradation and resorption,therefore,30%CPC could be novel biomaterials as an endo steal implant.

To investigate the distribution of ABCA1 gene I883M polymorphism in the Han population and the Zhuang minority nationality in Guangxi,ABCA1 I883M genotyping was performed in 121 unrelated healthy individuals of Han population and 100 unrelated healthy individuals of Zhuang minority nationality by PCR-RFLP approach.The genotype frequencies in Han population were as follows:II=0.074,IM=0.380,MM=0.545;And that in the Zhuang minority nationality were as follows:II=0.130,IM=0.350,MM=0.520;No significant difference was found in the frequencies of I883M genotype and alleles between Han population and Zhuang minority nationality in Guangxi(P0.05).There was significant difference between Chinese population and Germany population(P0.01).The frequencies of ABCA1 gene I883M genotype and allele in Han population may be not different from that in Zhuang minority nationality,but are significantly different from that in Hesperian population.The data can be well applied in the research of population genetics.

Objective To investigate the distribution of ABCA1 gene R219K and I883M polymorphism in the Zhuang nationality in Guangxi.Methods ABCA1 R219K and I883M genotyping were performed in100 unrelated,healthy,individuals of Zhuang nationality and 121 unrelated healthy individuals of Han population by PCR-RFLP.Results The allele frequencies of ABCA1 gene R219K in the Zhuang nationality were as follows:R=0.640,K=0.360.The allele frequencies of ABCA1 gene I883M in the Zhuang nationality were as follows:I=0.305,M=0.695.Though the frequencies of I allele and II genotype in Zhuang nationality were higher than those in Han population,no significant differences were found in the distribution of ABCA1 gene R219K and I883M genotype and alleles between Zhuang nationality and Han population in Guangxi(P>0.05).However,significant differences were found between Zhuang nationality and German population(P<0.01).Conclusion The polymorphism of ABCA1 gene R219K and I883M in Zhuang nationality are not different from that in Han population,but are very different from that in Hesperian population.These results indicate that the polymorphism of ABCA1 gene R219K and I883M may have racial differences.The results are useful in the research of population genetics and the association of the SNP with lipid metabolism and the susceptibility to coronary atherosclerosis.

AIM: To investigate the distribution of ABCA1 gene R219K polymorphism in the Han and Zhuang populations. METHODS: The polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used to examine ABCA1 gene R219K polymorphism G→A (Arg219Lys) in 127 unrelated healthy Han persons and 103 unrelated healthy Zhuang individuals. χ2 test was used to compare the genotype and allele frequencies of Chinese population with those of western ethnic populations. RESULTS: The allele frequencies of ABCA1 gene R219K in Han population were as follows: R=0.650, K=0.350; the genotype frequencies were RR=0.425, RK=0.449, KK=0.126. The allele frequencies of Zhuang minority were as follows: R=0.631, K=0.369, and the genotype frequencies were RR=0.427, RK=0.408, KK=0.165. No significant difference was found in the frequencies of ABCA1 gene R219K genotypes and alleles between Han and Zhuang populations in China (P>0.05), while there were very significant differences between Chinese population and Germany population (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The frequencies of ABCA1 gene R219K genotypes and alleles in Han population are not different from Zhuang minority in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China, but are very different from Hesperian population. The data imply the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism with the lipid metabolism and the susceptibility to coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and can be well useful for the study of population genetics.

目的 通过比较绿茶多酚浸泡及喂养法和传统冷冻法保存处理的同种异体血管移植后效果，从而找出一种更为实用且制作简便的血管处理方法。方法 健康青紫兰兔96只，手术切除双侧股动脉, 根据不同体外预处理血管方法将实验分为3组：A新鲜血管自体移植；B冷冻+辐照预处理血管同种异体移植；C冷冻+辐照+绿茶多酚浸泡及喂养预处理血管同种异体移植。血管移植后1周、4周、8周、12周，每组取试验动物6只进行腹主动脉数字减影血管造影、扫描电子显微镜、组织病理等方法，观察移植血管通常率、动脉瘤形成情况及组织形态学变化。结果 移植后12周，A组累计通畅率为91.67%，B组为70.83%，C组为87.5%，A组与C组比较，P〉0.05，差别无统计学意义。A组与B组、B组与C组比较P<0.05差别有统计学意义。C组血管得到了很高的通畅率，在移植1周和4周时血管内膜只有微血栓形成，周围炎症反应和血管平滑肌增生均较轻微。结论 绿茶多酚在血管移植中具有非常重要的作用，能减少血栓形成，明显降低组织炎症反应，提高血管通常率。