[目的]分析一年两收栽培夏黑葡萄夏果和冬果的香气成分,为提高该品种的芳香品质及促进其一年两收栽培技术的发展提供理论依据.[方法]以8年生一年两收栽培的夏黑葡萄为试验材料,于始转色期、成熟期和成熟后期采集夏果和冬果.采用HS-SPME-GC-MS方法,分别对夏果和冬果3个时期的香气成分进行定性定量分析,并监控不同发育期持续天数、气象指标和浆果理化指标的变化.[结果]一年两收栽培夏黑葡萄从萌芽到成熟过程中,夏果的每日气温逐渐上升,而冬果的每日气温逐渐降低,冬果较夏果转色期更早,成熟期持续的时间更长.成熟期冬果可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量均高于夏果;夏果和冬果于始转色期、成熟期和成熟后期分别检测到48、51、47种和52、56、56种香气成分,包括醛类、醇类、酯类、酮类、萜烯类和酸类.冬果3个时期的香气成分总含量分别为472.83、1020.27和836.43μg/L,均显著高于夏果的459.39、638.57和659.20μg/L(P<0.05,下同).成熟期夏黑葡萄中香气成分含量最高的是醛类化合物,其次是醇类化合物,夏果和冬果中醛类化合物含量分别为446.34和600.18μg/L,醇类化合物含量分别为120.21和163.44μg/L.成熟期夏黑葡萄中单体类香气成分以C6化合物为主,其中含量最高的是青草及苹果香味的己醛,其后依次是草本香和果香型的2-己烯醛、(Z)-3-己烯醛和己醇,冬果中上述单体类化合物的含量均显著高于夏果.成熟期夏果和冬果中最具代表性的8个差异香气化合物为2-己烯醛、乙酸乙酯、香茅醇、苯乙醇、橙花醇、(Z)-3-己烯醛、香叶醇和辛酸乙酯,冬果中上述差异化合物的含量均显著高于夏果.通过对气候条件的分析,与夏果相比,夏黑葡萄冬果生长季后期冷凉的环境和更为干燥的气候是其香气成分含量显著高于夏果的主要原因.[结论]一年两收栽培模式下两季葡萄果实香气成分组成和含量的差异是气象因子综合作用的结果,冬果生长季的气候条件更有利于葡萄芳香品质的提高.

探讨了根域限制下一年两收夏黑葡萄冬果不同生长势结果枝果实品质的差异.结果 表明,夏黑冬果结果枝生长势越强,枝条粗度越粗,节间长度和叶面积也越大.中等生长势结果枝上的冬果可溶性固形物、总花色苷和总单宁含量显著高于弱、强生长势结果枝上的冬果,可滴定酸含量显著低于强生长势结果枝上的冬果,中等生长势结果枝果实品质最佳.根域限制和非根域限制下一年两收夏黑葡萄冬果生产中宜培养结果枝粗度在0.8～1.0 cm的结果枝来提高果实品质.

[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to analyze the cultivation characteristics and fruit quali-ty of nine introduced table grape cultivars in Nanning,in order to provide reference for screening suitable table grape culti-var to cultivate in southern area of Guangxi.[Method]The phenophase and growth characteristics of nine table grape culti-vars introduced in Nanning were observed through field observation,including Guanghui,Red Barbra,Zhuosexiang,Zao-heibao,Rizamat,Goldfinger,Moldova,Yellow Italy and Lover. And fruit quality was determined and analyzed in laboratory.[Result]Among the nine introduced table grape cultivars,Yellow Italy,Guanghui,Moldova and Zhuosexiang performed better growth adaptability and bearing habit;their germination rates and bearing branch rates were above 80.0%. However, for the rest five cultivars,flower formations were difficult,and the bearing branch rates were below 60.0%. For the fruit quality,Yellow Italy showed fine comprehensive quality,with soluble solid content reaching 17.36% and total sugar content reaching 254.53 mg/mL. Guanghui exhibited big berry which was 9.99 g and uniform clusters. Zhuosexiang per-formed unique aroma. However,the soluble solid contents of Guanghui,Moldova and Zhuosexiang were low,which was around 15.00%.[Conclusion]Yellow Italy exhibits the most outstanding cultivation characters and fruit quality and can be promoted widely as medium-late maturing cultivar in southern area of Guangxi. Guanghui,Moldova and Zhuosexiang all perform good cultivation characteristics. Guanghui and Moldova can be promoted properly in southern area of Guangxi as early maturing cultivar and medium-late maturing cultivar respectively. Zhuosexiang can be planted in small scale with other main cultivars as early maturing cultivar with characteristics. Red Barbra,Zaoheibao,Rizamat,Goldfinger and Lover are not recommended for promotion and plantation in south area of Guangxi.

[Objective] To study the quality differences between summer fruits and winter fruits of Shine Muscat in Nanning Area at different pruning periods.[Method] The summer fruits of Shine Muscat pruned on February 5th and winter fruits pruned on August 20th and August 29th were taken as the test materials.The panicle weight,single grain weight,soluble solids,total sugar,titratable acid,ratio of acid to solid,and Vc were determined.Quality differences between the summer and winter fruits at different pruning periods were analyzed.[Result] Under the mode of double harvest every year,the quality of the summer fruits were superior than that of winter fruits.The soluble solids,total sugar and Vc content of summer fruits were higher than those of winter fruits.The Vc and solid acid ratio of Shine Muscat pruned on August 29th were higher than those on August 20th,and the titratable acid content was lower.[Conclusion] This research provided theoretical foundation for the enhancement of fruit quality under the mode of double harvest every year.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of astragalan on low temperature preservation of boar semen and subsequently find out a natural cryoprotectant which can protect improve the low temperature preservation of boar semen.Boar semen was preserved at a low temperature(4 ℃)for 7dusing the modified buffer supplemented with various concentrations(0,0.10,0.20,0.30 and 0.40g/L)of astragalan and data on sperm viability,motility,abnormality,acrosomal integrity and plasma membrane integrity were compared between the treatments and the control.The results showed that 0.10g/L astragalan didnu0027t significantly(P0.05)alter the quality of boar semen stored at a low temperature;0.40g/L astragalan significantly(P0.05)reduced the above-mentioned sperm parameters;0.20 and 0.30g/L astragalan demonstrated significant(P0.05)improvement on the sperm measurements;Of all groups,0.30g/L astragalan indicated the best improvement effect on boar spermatozoa.In summary,under the conditions of this study feasible concentration of astragalan significantly increases the quality of boar semen conserved under low temperature(4℃),and the addition of 0.30g/L astragalan in the semen extender could be optimal to the low temperature preservation of boar spermatozoa.

家畜解剖学是养殖类专业的专业基础课,由于大部分学生沿用中学的学习方法,结果事倍功半,直接影响学生的自信心与积极性.因此,改革教学方法,提高学生学习能力,是非常必要的.“以问题为中心”教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)有利于提高学生综合素质,已经应用于多个学科的教学[1],但在家畜解剖学教学的应用[2]较少.笔者在家畜解剖学3个教学环节试用PBL,以期为其可行性提供实践依据.

在飞速发展的市场经济时代，不动产越来越多也进入流通领域，牵涉到许多重大的社会问题，此时不动产登记就显得尤为重要，但在登记过程中难免出现不动产登记机构登记错误的情形。目前，现行立法并未明确登记机构登记行为的性质以及登记错误情况下承担责任的性质，因此，司法实践中产生了诸多问题。文章主要以房产登记为核心来谈一谈不动产登记机构登记行为的性质及登记错误的赔偿责任。

为了寻找一种可较好保护精子的低温保护剂，改善猪精液低温保存方法，通过在改进的猪精液低温稀释液中添加0、0．50、1．00、1．50、2．00 mg／mL 茶多酚，对比7 d 内4℃下低温保存猪精子的活率、活力、畸形率、质膜和顶体完整性等参数，探讨茶多酚在猪精液低温保存中应用的效果。结果表明，在猪精液低温保存后7 d，仅0．50、1．00 mg／mL 组5个质量指标均显著好于对照组（P ＜0．05），其中1．00 mg／mL 组效果最好。总之，在本试验条件下，适宜浓度的茶多酚可以明显改善4℃低温条件下猪精液的保存效果，其中最佳添加浓度是1．00 mg／mL。

为了改善猪精液低温保存方法,通过在改进的猪精液低温稀释液中添加不同浓度(0,0.50,1.00,1.50,2.00 mg/mL)的水蛭素,研究在4℃低温保存条件下其对猪精液品质的影响.试验采用PI荧光染色检测精子活率,利用计算机辅助精液分析仪(CASA)检测精子活力,Diff-Quik染色检测精子畸形率,考马斯亮蓝染色检测精子顶体完整率及采用低渗肿胀法(HOST)检测质膜完整率.猪精液保存7d,每天检测上述指标,试验重复5次.结果表明:稀释液中添加一定浓度的水蛭素在一定时间内有利于维持精子的活率、活力,降低精子的畸形率,提高精子的顶体完整率和质膜完整率,并且水蛭素浓度越高,保存效果越好.因此,在本试验条件下,2.00 mg/mL是水蛭素在猪精液低温保存时的最佳添加浓度.

对L-精氨酸在猪精液低温保存中应用的效果进行评价,为猪精液低温保存稀释液配方的改良提供参考.采用手握法采集健康公猪精液,用含不同质量浓度L-精氨酸(0、0.50、1.00、1.50、2.00 mg· mL-1)的低温保存稀释液稀释,于4℃下保存,对比7d内各组之间精子的活率、活力、畸形率、质膜和顶体完整性等参数.低温保存后,猪精液的总体质量浓度以1.00 mg·mL-1组最好,其除了第1天精子活率与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05)外,其他时间检测的5个指标均显著优于对照组(P＜0.05).在本试验条件下,稀释液中添加1.00 mg· mL-1 L-精氨酸可以明显改善4℃低温条件下猪精液的保存后质量.

传播技术,以整合重组传播环节的方式造成权利偏移和对传播内容控制难度的增加。传统的单线内容监管模式(意识形态监管部门——报社——报纸)向内容和技术并行的双线监管发展(内容:意识形态监管部门——报社——报纸和技术:通信管理部门——运营商(技术)——服务平台提供商——手机报)。由于技术的介入,造成监管者与监管对象的分离。在技术模式中,运营商成为技术掌握者,利益获得者,管理执行者三位一体的新权利中心。

At present,the mobile phone has become one of important vehicles of information communication which is playing more and more important roles. The article examines the cell phone' function in popularizing science and technology in ethnic regions on the basis of taking advantage of cell phone's communicating function and current condition. Integrating current practice of the cell phone's transmitting agricultural technical information,the article presents suggests for promoting rural scientific and technical information communication of the cell phone,basing on analyzing traditional media's weakness in popularizing in remote countryside.

<正>汪汉溪在长期的办报实践中,特别是在主持《新闻报》的过程中,对受众的定位、心理需要等方面进行过有益的探讨,形成了一定的受众理论。这与当代的"受众中心论"不谋而