三亚市是一座国际旅游城市,旅游业发达,人口流动较大,增加了梅毒和淋病的传染风险.为了了解三亚市梅毒和淋病的发病情况和流行特征,制定相应的防控策略,通过收集、整理三亚市2012-2016年梅毒和淋病的监测资料进行流行病学分析,现将结果报告如下.
目的:了解三亚市不同人群梅毒的感染率及合并感染情况,为加强今后的梅毒防治工作提供依据.方法:收集2016年自愿咨询检测(VCT)人群、美沙酮人群、孕产妇、男男性行为者(MSM)和女性性工作者(FSW)筛查数据,梅毒由三亚市慢性病防治中心同TPPA和TRUST确诊.结果:各类人群共筛查7965人,梅毒筛查阳性者为241人,阳性率为3.03％,其中MSM和FSW的阳性率明显高于孕产妇.筛查人群中梅毒确诊113例,患病率为1.42％,美沙酮维持人群,MSM和FSW的患病率明显高于孕产妇.结论:三亚市不同人群梅毒感染的情况与HIV十分相似,可将梅毒与艾滋干预转介工作整合,完善筛查检测和转介服务等环节,充分利用公共卫生资源,降低新发感染率的目的.
梅毒筛查是梅毒防控的重要手段之一,尤其是对暗娼、男男性行为者(MSM)等高危人群的筛查,能及时发现梅毒患者,及时治愈传染源,控制疾病的进一步传播.但目前国内对于不同人群筛查中发现的梅毒血清学阳性者多数为口头或短信告知,由病人自行就诊.而这些梅毒的可疑患者是否真的去正规医疗机构确诊治疗,并无确切数据信息.如果筛查出来的梅毒患者未得到及时诊治,未控制和消除传染源,其筛查工作的意义就大打折扣了[1].为了解三亚市不同人群梅毒血清学筛查阳性者的转介情况,对2015年4月至2016年12月相关情况进行分析,结果如下.
目的 了解三亚市2012年～2016年生殖器疱疹的流行病学特征,为调整现有防控措施提供科学依据.方法 通过疾病信息管理系统收集三亚市2012年～2016年各个医疗机构上报的生殖器疱疹病例资料并对其发病情况、性别分布、年龄分布及其地区分布等流行病学特征进行分析.结果 三亚市2012～2016年生殖器疱疹年均发病率为19.48/10万,年均减少率为12.91％,总体呈下降趋势.生殖器疱疹发病人数男女性别比为2.03:1,2012年～2015年各年度病例性别之间对比,差异有统计学意义(<0.05).生殖器疱疹的发病年龄主要集中在20～39岁,以天涯区生殖器疱疹病例报告数最多.结论 三亚市近年来生殖器疱疹发病率总体呈下降趋势,但仍处较高水平,应扩大筛查,加强宣教,将其发病率尽快降到较低水平.
Objective To understand the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of STDs in Sanya,and to provide a reference for adjusting the existing STD prevention and treatment programs.Methods Data of STD reported by different levels of medical care units was collected from Disease Surveillance system of Sanya for epidemiological analysis.Results From 2012 to 2016,a total of 13966 STD cases were reported,which had increased from 2426 in 2014 to 2865 cases in 2016 with an annual increase rate of 4.86％.Among the 5 kinds of STD,the incidence of genital tract Chlamydia trachomatis infection was the highest (273.02/100 000),followed by syphilis(80.00/100 000),gonorrhea(56.41/100 000),pointed condyloma(53.50/100 000) and genital herpes (19.48/100 000).During the past 5 years,STD incidence among female (7 435,53.24％) was higher than that among male (6 531,46.76％),whose ratio of male and female was 0.88∶1.Patients' age varies in a wide range,but people aged 20-34 were the most affected age group(9234),accounting for 66.12％.A total of 4178 cases aged 15-24 years old accounted for 29.92％ of the total.66.65％ of the cases were housework,unemployed,self-employed people and farmers.Conclusion Incidence of STD in Sanya has shown a rising trend indicating that STD prevention and control requires more effective measures in the future.
