To promote the reasonable development of reference materials in the field of health care in China, on the basis of introducing reference materials and certified reference materials, we summarize the current management system and management norms of reference materials in our country, summarize the development status and trends of reference materials in the field of health care at home and abroad, analyze and discuss the development status, development trend and current challenges of standard materials in the fields of environmental health, medical sanitation and virus detection in China, and look forward to the major demand for reference materials in the field of health in China.

目的 了解卫生和体育系统的政策制定者和专业人员对体医融合策略的知晓状况以及对体医融合策略的态度、看法和建议,为国家体医融合策略的实施提供依据及建议.方法 于2019年10-11月选取山西省、四川省、广东省、北京市、上海市和深圳市6个省(直辖市、计划单列市)的卫生和体育系统相关部门和机构的管理者、公共卫生及临床专业人员共计65人作为访谈对象,采用关键人物深入访谈和专题小组访谈方法开展访谈调查.访谈内容包括对体医融合的知晓情况、态度以及如何开展体医融合的看法和建议等.通过主题词梳理归纳整理访谈资料.结果 在接受访谈的65名访谈对象中,有86.2％的访谈对象表示知晓国家体医融合策略;有92.3％的访谈对象认为有必要实施体医融合策略,其中100％的公共卫生专业人员和92.6％的行政部门政策制定者认为有必要实施体医融合策略.对体医融合策略实施的建议:开展体医融合需要顶层设计;明确卫生和体育部门的职责;拓展筹资渠道,保障持续稳定的经费支持;体育健身公共服务体系建设,加强复合型人才培养,深化信息共享,推动健康产业发展.结论 卫生及体育系统人员对体医融合策略知晓率高,对实施体医融合策略的必要性已达成共识,实施体医融合策略应加强体制和机制的建设.

The pathogenic microorganism laboratory is the main workplace for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacterium and virus, or related samples, which plays an important supporting role in the prevention and control of infectious disease and the fight against biological terrorist attacks. Unified biosecurity standard and sound biosecurity standard system should be established for the laboratory experiment of pathogenic microorganisms.

目的 探讨中国11～14岁儿童视屏时间与近视的关系,为儿童近视防控工作提供科学依据.方法 利用科技基础资源调查专项"中国0～18岁儿童营养与健康系统调查与应用"数据,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在中国七大区域14个省、28个区/县调查点,对12 397名11～14岁儿童进行问卷调查并收集每日视屏时间和视力信息.结果 中国11～14岁儿童自我报告近视率为45.0％,其中女童高于男童、城市高于农村,且随年龄增加而增长(x2值分别为178.82,79.25,495.96,P值均＜0.01);12 397名儿童的平均每日视屏时间为40.0(30.0,60.0)min,男童[40.0(30.0,70.0)min]长于女童[35.0(30.0,70.0)min],城市儿童[40.0(30.0,70.0)min]长于农村儿童[33.0(30.0,60.0)min](x2 值分别为20.86,102.68,P值均＜0.01).每日视屏时间≥60 min男童自我报告近视率(42.5％)高于视屏时间＜60 min的男童(36.4％),每日视屏时间≥60 min女童自我报告近视率(55.6％)高于视屏时间＜60 min的女童(48.0％)(x2值分别为23.62,34.15,P值均＜0.01).经调整年龄、性别、地区、中高强度身体活动时间、含糖食品、含糖饮料摄入量和平均每日睡眠时长后,多因素Logistic回归模型分析显示,与每日视屏时间＜60 min比,≥60 min(OR=1.14,95％CI=1.03～1.27)的女童近视风险较高(P=0.01).调整混杂因素后,每日视屏时间和男童或女童的近视程度均无相关性(P值均＞0.05).结论 每天≥60 min视屏时间可能是11～14岁青春期女童近视的正性相关因素之一.鉴于影响视力的因素复杂,需要进一步研究验证两者之间的关系.

目的 分析2002-2015年山西省农村地区15岁及以上居民奶类、大豆类与坚果摄入状况及其变化,为制定我国农村居民奶类、大豆类与坚果摄入改善措施提供参考.方法 以2002年中国居民营养与健康调查中的山西省5个农村调查点数据为基线,于2015年对所有调查对象进行追踪,开展山西营养与慢性病家庭队列研究.选取参与两次调查并且有完整食物频率数据的786名15岁及以上居民作为研究对象,分组描述调查对象(总人群、消费人群)奶类、大豆类及坚果平均每日摄入量,分析个人食物摄入量及摄入频次的变化.采用SAS 9.4进行Wilcoxon、Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验和Spearman秩相关检验.结果 2002-2015年山西省农村居民总人群平均每日摄入奶类由8.3 g增至51.3 g,坚果由1.1g增至4.7 g;而大豆类由24.3 g降至22.7 g.从个体消费趋势来看,奶类和坚果的个体摄入量以不变为主,占比分别为60.8％和57.5％,大豆及制品以上升为主,占比为54.5％.奶类、大豆类和坚果每周摄入频次由不吃至吃的比例分别为19.6％、3.1％、25.5％;由不吃至经常吃的比例分别为14.0％、2.3％、4.3％;由吃至经常吃的比例分别为0.8％、29.6％、0.1％.结论 山西省农村地区15岁及以上居民总人群与消费人群的奶类、坚果平均摄入量较低,而大豆类摄入水平较高.部分居民奶类、大豆类和坚果的摄入量及摄入频次有明显改善.未来应进一步科学引导居民进行合理的食物消费行为.

Objective To explore the characteristics of involved illnesses, disseminators, communication routes, and victims of rumors about nutrition and nutients intakes related to chronic diseases prevention and control and to provide policy and strategy recommendations for establishing rumor suppression mechanism. Methods With online searching in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and National Newspaper and Magazines Index Database, we retrieved relevant literatures, reports and articles published between January 1, 2015 and November 31, 2019. Expert interviews and consultations were also conducted among 18 senior professionals in various relevant fields during September to December 2019. Results In all the disseminated nutrition rumors, the most involved chronic disease was cancer (being remarked in 25.13% of the rumors). Of the nutrition rumors, 40.91% were disseminated by means of self-media. Based on the estimation made by 55.56% (10/18) of senior professionals consulted, the ratio of online versus offline dissemination of the nutrition rumors was 8 : 2, indicating online dissemination as a major transmission way of the rumors. The majority (66.67%) of the victims of the disseminated nutrition rumors were the elderly people (38.9%) and chronic disease patients (27.8%). Conclusion The rumors about nutrition and nutients intakes related to chronic diseases prevention and control were mainly disseminated by online media and the potential adverse impact of the rumor is huge. Therefore, online rumor suppression and a long-term mechanism for cooperation among multiple social organizations in the rumor suppression should be promoted.

Objective: To compare the effects of different treatment and prevention regimens on recovery and relapse rate in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-related optic neuritis (MOG-ON). Methods: Retrospective study of the records of 37 patients with MOG-ON in ZhongShan Ophthalmology Center from January 2014 to December 2018. Patients with first-ever MOG-ON (first-ever group) were subdivided into intravenous methylprednisolone pulse group (Pulse group) and high dose methylprednisolone without pulse regimen group (non-pulse group). Comparisons were taken on visual acuity (VA), visual field (VF), visual evoked potential amplitude (VEP) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT). Effect of different prevention regimens, either low dose prednisone or low dose of prednisone (2.5-10 mg/Day) combined with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (0.5-1 g/Day) , as well as the annual relapse rate (ARR) were compared. Results: Among 25 patients of first-ever MOG-ON group (19 patients in pulse group and 6 patients in non-pulse group), VF of pulse group showed significant recovery, with MD value of (-7±8) dB at 1 m after onset and (-26±11) dB at onset (P<0.01), while non-pulse group showed significant VF recovery only at 6 m after onset, with MD value of (-9±9) dB at 6 m and (-22±11) dB at onset (P<0.01). However, no significant difference of VA, VF, VEP and RNFL could be found between the two groups on at all follow-up time points (P>0.05). Among 12 patients with at least one relapse (relapse group), 9 patients (75%) were given low-dose of prednisone plus MMF for relapse prevention. The ARR was 0.77 (0.21-4.5) before and 0 (0-0.41) after the regimen, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy in acute phase of MOG-ON may accelerate the recovery of visual function and improve the prognosis. Low-dose of prednisone combined with MMF may reduce the recurrence rate of MOG-ON.