为更好地了解崇明白山羊不同阶段的体重特性,采用上海崇明园都畜牧养殖有限公司2016-2022年4 375只崇明白山羊种羊的数据资料,基于ASReml运用单性状个体动物模型和多性状个体动物模型开展了崇明白山羊不同阶段体重性状遗传参数估计和遗传评定.结果表明,崇明白山羊初生重、断奶重、6月龄重、12月龄重和18月龄重的遗传力均为中高遗传力;初生重与断奶重、6月龄重、12月龄重、18月龄重均呈正遗传相关(r分别为0.54、0.63、0.47、0.44,P＜0.05),断奶重与6月龄重、18月龄重呈正遗传相关(r分别为0.57、0.72,P＜0.001),6月龄重与12月龄重、18月龄重呈正遗传相关(r分别为0.96、0.93,P＜0.001),12月龄重与18月龄重呈正遗传相关(r=0.92,P＜0.001);6月龄重与12月龄重表型相关系数为0.57(P＜0.001)、与18月龄重表型相关系数为0.55(P＜0.001),12月龄重与18月龄重表型相关系数为0.61(P＜0.001),其余性状表型相关系数均小于0.50;初生重、断奶重、6月龄重、12月龄重和18月龄重的平均育种值分别为0.48、0.35、1.62、2.65和2.37.综上,养殖场可在崇明白山羊断奶和6月龄等早期阶段进行选留,以缩短育肥周期,提升养殖效益.

浦东白猪作为我国唯一的毛色全白地方猪种,是上海的四大地方猪种之一,该品种极具特色,有性成熟早、繁殖力高、母性好、肉质鲜美、杂交优势明显等特点,而且耐粗饲、抗病力强,一直是上海市重点保护的重要种猪资源.在新形势下,浦东白猪的种质资源保护和利用遇到新的困难,也迎来新的机遇.为此,本文介绍了浦东白猪的生存现状及存在的问题;对浦东白猪种质资源保护和开发利用策略提出了几点思考和建议:开展浦东白猪的群体遗传多样性和进化分析、建立一个浦东白猪遗传资源信息数据库,研究一套浦东白猪科学的保种方案,开展疫病生态防控研究、构建疫病监测净化技术体系、逐步实现无规定疫病,构建具有浦东白猪品质特色的商品化生产模式.

为考察基于大群体的杜洛克猪体尺指标相关遗传参数,以潍坊江海原种猪场160—180日龄的3560头杜洛克种猪为研究对象,测定并估计了体高、体长、胸深、胸宽、管围和臀宽等6项体尺指标的遗传力和遗传相关系数等参数.结果显示:体尺性状总体属于中、高等遗传力,其中体高遗传力较高(0.56),体长、胸宽、管围和臀宽遗传力中等,胸深的遗传力较低(0.21).杜洛克群体体高与胸深极显著正相关(遗传相关系数为0.73),胸宽与臀宽极显著正相关(遗传相关系数为0.72).研究结果可为开展杜洛克猪体尺性状常规育种和标记辅助选种奠定基础,也为其他国家级核心场的种猪育种提供借鉴.

Abstract Background Over several decades, a wide range of natural and artificial selection events in response to subtropical environments, intensive pasture and intensive feedlot systems have greatly changed the customary behaviour, appearance, and important economic traits of Shanghai Holstein cattle. In particular, the longevity of the Shanghai Holstein cattle population is generally short, approximately the 2nd to 3rd lactation. In this study, two complementary approaches, integrated haplotype score (iHS) and runs of homozygosity (ROH), were applied for the detection of selection signatures within the genome using genotyping by genome-reduced sequence data from 1092 cows. Results In total, 101 significant iHS genomic regions containing selection signatures encompassing a total of 256 candidate genes were detected. There were 27 significant |iHS| genomic regions with a mean |iHS| score > 2. The average number of ROH per individual was 42.15 ± 25.47, with an average size of 2.95 Mb. The length of 78 % of the detected ROH was within the range of 1–2 MB and 2–4 MB, and 99 % were shorter than 8 Mb. A total of 168 genes were detected in 18 ROH islands (top 1 %) across 16 autosomes, in which each SNP showed a percentage of occurrence > 30 %. There were 160 and 167 genes associated with the 52 candidate regions within health-related QTL intervals and 59 candidate regions within reproduction-related QTL intervals, respectively. Annotation of the regions harbouring clustered |iHS| signals and candidate regions for ROH revealed a panel of interesting candidate genes associated with adaptation and economic traits, such as IL22RA1, CALHM3, ITGA9, NDUFB3, RGS3, SOD2, SNRPA1, ST3GAL4, ALAD, EXOSC10, and MASP2. In a further step, a total of 1472 SNPs in 256 genes were matched with 352 cis-eQTLs in 21 tissues and 27 trans-eQTLs in 6 tissues. For SNPs located in candidate regions for ROH, a total of 108 cis-eQTLs in 13 tissues and 4 trans-eQTLs were found for 1092 SNPs. Eighty-one eGenes were significantly expressed in at least one tissue relevant to a trait (P value < 0.05) and matched the 256 genes detected by iHS. For the 168 significant genes detected by ROH, 47 gene-tissue pairs were significantly associated with at least one of the 37 traits. Conclusions We provide a comprehensive overview of selection signatures in Shanghai Holstein cattle genomes by combining iHS and ROH. Our study provides a list of genes associated with immunity, reproduction and adaptation. For functional annotation, the cGTEx resource was used to interpret SNP-trait associations. The results may facilitate the identification of genes relevant to important economic traits and can help us better understand the biological processes and mechanisms affected by strong ongoing natural or artificial selection in livestock populations.

为了更好地促进母羊和羔羊的健康养殖,本文从母羊产前防疫、运动、饲喂,母羊分娩期间的预兆、接产、难产和胎儿假死情况的处置以及产后母羊和羔羊的护理等方面,总结了围产期母羊和羔羊的管理技术要点.

试验选取了18周龄申鸿七彩雉公、母各30只,测定了屠体重、主要消化器官重量及肠道长度,进行了相关性分析.结果表明,公雉鸡的屠体重、主要消化器官重量和肠道长度比母雉鸡大;各消化器官之间具有一定的相关性,有的消化器官之间有显著或极显著相关;雉鸡的屠体重与消化器官重量之间具有一定的相关,雉鸡的生长发育受到消化器官的影响.通过试验对雉鸡各消化器官之间及与屠体重的相关性分析,对雉鸡科学饲养管理具有指导意义.