目的 探讨社会支持及运动自我效能在社区老年人内在能力与健康老龄化间的中介效应,为提高社区老年人的健康老龄化水平提供依据.方法 采用整群随机抽样法,于2022年1-7月选取乌鲁木齐市1 303名社区老年人作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、健康老龄化量表、内在能力调查表、社会支持评定量表、运动自我效能量表对其进行调查.通过概念模型探讨社区老年社会支持、运动自我效能、内在能力与健康老龄化间的关系.本研究共发放问卷1 303份,回收有效问卷1 042份,问卷有效回收率为80%.结果 1 042名社区老年人内在能力调查表得分为[1.00(0,2.00)]分、健康老龄化量表得分为[146.00(133.75,155.00)]分、社会支持评定量表得分为[41.00(36.00,46.00)]分、运动自我效能量表得分为[51.00(39.00,61.00)]分.社区老年人内在能力与社会支持、运动自我效能、健康老龄化呈负相关(r值分别为-0.112、-0.121、-0.120,P<0.01),社会支持、运动自我效能与健康老龄化呈正相关(r值分别为0.129、0.113,P<0.01).Bootstrap法中介效应检验结果显示,社会支持及运动自我效能在社区老年人内在能力与健康老龄化间的中介效应成立,中介效应值为-0.477,占总效应的24.75%;其中,内在能力→社会支持→健康老龄化的路径效应值为-0.262,占中介效应值的54.93%;内在能力→运动自我效能→健康老龄化的路径效应值为-0.214,占中介效应值的44.86%.结论 社区老年人群体中,社会支持与运动自我效能能够在内在能力与健康老龄化间起中介作用,社区卫生保健人员应关注老年人内在能力水平,提高其社会支持与运动自我效能水平,从而促进老年人健康老龄化的实现.
目的:了解并分析新冠疫情对实习护生职业认同与择业效能感的影响,为改善和提高择业效能及职业认同水平提供依据.方法:采用便利抽样方法选取新疆某医科大学本科和专科实习护生作为研究对象,进行问卷调查.结果:不同人口学特征的实习护生职业认同和择业效能感水平有统计学意义;实习护生对新冠疫情的态度及认知影响他们的职业认同与择业效能感,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:在新冠疫情下,引导护生正向积极应对、帮助护生更好地认识并了解角色本职,有助于提高他们的职业认同及择业效能.
目的 基于Roy的适应模型,构建链式中介模型来探究自我感知老化如何通过孤独感、健康促进生活方式影响老年人生活质量.方法 利用多级抽样法,抽取乌鲁木齐市224名60岁及以上的社区老年人,探讨自我感知老化与孤独感、健康促进生活方式、生存质量的关系.结果 自我感知老化、孤独感、健康促进生活方式及生存质量四个变量,两两之间存在相关性(P<0.05);健康促进生活方式在自我感知老化和生存质量之间起中介效应,中介效应值为-0.066,占总效应值的21.36%;孤独感和健康促进生活方式在自我感知老化和生存质量之前发挥链式中介效应,中介效应值为-0.019,占总效应值的6.15%.结论 应积极主动关注老年人对老龄化的认知及心理健康,改善其维护自身健康的相关行为,提升生存质量,实现健康老龄化.
目的 研究乌鲁木齐市社区老年人内在能力与生活质量的相关性.方法 于2022年1月-7月随机整群抽样选取乌鲁木齐市1042名社区老年人,采用一般资料调查表、内在能力评估工具、中华老年医学学会推荐的"老年人生活质量调查内容和评价标准建议"进行调查,采用Spearman相关性分析及无序多分类Logistic回归分析内在能力与生活质量的相关性.结果 老年人内在能力得分为1.00(0.00,2.00)分,其下降率为72.94%,各领域下降范围为5.28%(心理)~50.96%(感觉).老年人生活质量得分为30.00(27.00,31.00)分,生活质量良、中、差等级的老年人分别占比50.10%、47.02%、2.88%.内在能力总分及其5个领域得分均与生活质量水平呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),内在能力下降增加了低生活质量的风险(OR=0.381,95%CI:0.175~0.829).结论 乌鲁木齐市社区老年人内在能力下降率较高,生活质量水平尚可,二者之间有显著相关性,社区工作人员及老年人自身应关注内在能力发展的趋势,以保障老年人的生活质量.
BackgroundIntrinsic capacity (IC) can better reflect the physical functioning of older adults. However, few studies have been able to systematically and thoroughly examine its influencing factors and provide limited evidence for the improvement of intrinsic capacity. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive description of the overall decline in intrinsic capacity among older persons in the community. Additionally, the study aimed to analyze the composition of the five domains of reduction, compare the rate of decline among older adults and investigate the factors that influence this decline.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Chinese community. The self-designed general characteristics questionnaire was created based on the healthy aging framework and a systematic review. Intrinsic capacity was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), Community Health Record Management System (CHRMS), Mini Nutritional Assessment Brief Form (MNA-SF), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The influencing factors of intrinsic capacity were investigated using stepwise logistic regression.ResultsA total of 968 older adults with a mean age of 71.00 (68.00, 76.75) were examined, and 704 older adults (72.7%) showed a decline in intrinsic capacity. There was a decline in at least one domain in 39.3% of older adults, with reductions in each domain ranging from 5.3% (psychological) to 52.4% (sensory). The study examined the composition of domains that experienced a decline in intrinsic capacity. It was found that a combination of sensory and locomotor domains showed the most significant decrease in 44.5% (n = 106) of individuals who experienced a decline in the two domains. Furthermore, a combination of sensory, cognitive, and locomotor domains exhibited a significant decrease in 51.3% (n = 44) of individuals who experienced a reduction in three domains. Lastly, a combination of sensory, vitality, cognitive, and locomotor domains showed the most significant decline in four domains, accounting for 60.0% (n = 15) of the population. Older adults had a higher risk of intrinsic capacity decline if they were older (95% CI:1.158-2.310), had lower education, lived alone (95% CI: 1.133-3.216), smoked (95% CI: 1.163-3.251), high Charlson Comorbidity Index (95% CI: 1.243-1.807) scores, did not regular exercise (95% CI:1.150-3.084), with lower handgrip strength (95% CI: 0.945-0.982).ConclusionsWe found a relatively high prevalence of intrinsic capacity; more attention should be paid to older adults who are older, less educated, live alone, and have more comorbidities. It is imperative to prioritize a healthy lifestyle among older persons who exhibit smoking habits, lack regular exercise, and possess inadequate handgrip strength.
目的 了解本科护生患者安全胜任力现状,分析其与临床决策能力和自主学习能力的相关性,为提升患者安全胜任力提供参考依据.方法 2021年3-7月,采用整群抽样方法,使用一般资料调查表、患者安全胜任力自评量表、护理临床决策量表和自主学习能力量表对新疆某高校护理学专业三年级288名学生进行调查,并对数据进行分析.结果 288名本科护生患者安全胜任力总分为(158.77±29.24)分.其中,患者安全文化知识得分为(15.01±3.61)分,错误发现与应对得分为(47.39±9.58)分,错误预防策略与专业知识得分为(96.37±18.10)分.临床决策能力总分和自主学习能力总分分别为(133.46±13.10)和(111.11±15.83)分.不同水平的临床决策能力和自主学习能力的学生对于患者安全胜任力的得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01).临床决策和自主学习能力与患者安全能力呈正相关(r=0.475、0.656,均P<0.01).临床决策能力可直接影响患者安全能力,并可通过自主学习能力间接影响患者安全能力,同时,自主学习能力可直接影响患者安全能力.结论 新疆某高校需要重视培养护理专业本科生患者安全胜任力.在教育教学过程中可以通过提升学生临床决策能力与自主学习能力,引导学生增强学习主动性与上进心,善于推理与创新,敢于有效决策,从而促进患者安全胜任力的提高.
目的 研究乌鲁木齐市社区老年人抑郁、焦虑状态现状与肌少症的相关性及其影响因素,为后期制订相应的干预措施提供依据.方法 采用方便抽样法,于2019年7月至12月选取乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区60岁及以上的社区老年人,利用Ishii评分筛查诊断肌少症,9项患者健康问卷、7项广泛性焦虑障碍量表评估老年人心理状态.结果 447例社区老年人中,年龄60~94岁,平均(73.14±7.53)岁,肌少症患病人数为178例(39.8%).肌少症老年人中抑郁症状发生人数为63例(35.39%),焦虑症状发生人数为55例(30.90%).社区肌少症老年人抑郁、焦虑是否发生,与性别、居住状况有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组抑郁、焦虑发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组抑郁症状程度、焦虑症状程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).社区老年人肌少症抑郁、焦虑现状相关性分析显示,抑郁评分(r=0.105)、抑郁严重程度(r=0.126)、焦虑评分(r=0.096)与肌少症呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 不良的心理状态会对肌少症老年人睡眠、饮食、日常生活活动能力等方面产生负面影响,提示社区卫生保健人员应及时发现肌少症老年人心理问题,并给予早期干预,通过心理状态的改变,也可改善一些不良的生活方式,减少不良结局的发生.
目的 调查乌鲁木齐市三级综合医院ICU护士职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal diseases,WMSDs)患病现状,分析其影响因素.方法 采取横断面调查法,2021年1-7月随机整群抽样抽取乌鲁木齐市2所三级综合医院ICU护士 272名,采用中国肌肉骨骼疾患问卷在线调查ICU护士 WMSDs患病情况及相关因素.结果 过去1年ICU护士患病率为75.74%,不同身体部位WMSDs患病率分别为腰部54.78%、颈部43.38%、肩部40.81%、背部36.03%、膝部21.32%、髋臀19.85%、手腕18.75%、踝足18.38%及肘部8.08%.研究发现,不同性别、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、是否结婚及不同锻炼频次的护士WMSDs患病率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),多因素logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=2.420,95%CI=1.009~5.803)、体质指数(OR=1.472,95%CI=0.964~2.250)、婚姻状况(OR=1.917,95%CI=1.037~3.545)及周工作时长(OR=1.942,95%CI=1.051~3.590)是 ICU 护士 WMSDs 的危险因素,体育锻炼(OR=0.774,95%CI=0.603~0.995)是其保护因素.结论 ICU护士 WMSDs患病率高,并受个体特征和工作影响明显,应引起医院管理者重视并制定一套预防WMSDs的方案.护士应加强自身锻炼,提高身心健康,降低WMSDs的发生.
Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability of the Simple Five item Scoring Scale for Sarcopenia (SARC-F) by systematic review and Meta-analysis.Methods:PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Wed of science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Ovid, China HowNet database, China biomedical data, VIP database and Wanfang database were searched by computer, and all the researches related to SARC-F questionnaire's diagnosis of sarcopenia from the establishment of the database to March 1, 2020 were collected. Two researchers independently selected literature, extracted data, and evaluated the bias risk of the study. Revman 5.3 software, Stata16.0software were used to comprehensively evaluate the diagnostic value of SARC-F questionnaire for sarcopenia.Results:A total of 13 studies involving 8 860 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic criteria established by the European Working Group of Sarcopenia, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and the International Working Group for Sarcopenia were used as the gold standard. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.71, 0.69 and 0.67 respectively, and the Q-index was 0.659 3, 0.650 9 and 0.631 6.Conclusion:SARC-F questionnaire has a certain value in the screening and diagnosis of sarcopenia. In the future research, it is suggested to add the simple measurement of muscle quality on the basis of this scale to improve the accuracy of the questionnaire screening
目的 研究乌鲁木齐市社区老年人肌少症患病现状及相关因素,为后期制定相应的干预措施提供依据.方法 采用方便抽样法,于2019年7月至10月选取乌鲁木齐市740例60岁及以上的社区老年人,调查一般资料、 营养状况并测量相关指标,利用Ishii评分筛查诊断肌少症.结果 740例社区老年人年龄60~94(73.78±7.44)岁,肌少症患病率为38.8%(287例),男性患病率42.7%(119例),女性患病率36.4%(168例).非肌少症组与肌少症组,年龄、 民族、 文化程度、 营养状况、BMI比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).文化程度、 腰围、 臀围、 上臂围、BMI、 营养状况与肌少症发生呈负相关(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度较高(OR=0.752,P=0.001)、 小腿围度正常(OR=0.768,P<0.001)、 营养状况良好(OR=0.427,P<0.001)、BMI(OR=0.602,P<0.001)为肌少症的保护因素.结论 乌鲁木齐市社区老年人肌少症患病率较高,男性高于女性,社区卫生保健人员需重视对老年人肌少症的筛查评估,进行积极的预防,同时在营养及运动方面给予肌少症患者早期干预,减少不良结局的发生,提高老年人的生活质量.