阐述了蒙药经典制剂临床定位的重要性,探索建立了临床定位的方法.蒙药经典制剂应用历史悠久、疗效显著,但因临床定位不明确,影响了其临床疗效和价值.开展蒙药经典制剂临床定位研究是临床辨证用药、蒙医药标准化建设、上市后药品再评价及规范药品说明书的必然要求,对于实现蒙药经典制剂的临床价值、推动蒙医药的现代化进程等方面具有重要意义.提出了蒙药经典制剂的"五位一体"的蒙医与西医双向临床定位方法,即"配伍规律及功效研究-药理药效学研究-回顾性病例分析研究-多领域专家论证-循证研究".

基于蒙中医学对冠心病心绞痛的认识,阐释安神补心六味丸治疗冠心病心绞痛的原理及其组方特色.从蒙医药理论分析,安神补心六味丸有镇赫依、止痛、促赫依、血运行的功效,通过调理赫依,平衡三根治疗冠心病心绞痛之赫依性心刺痛;从中医药理论分析,本方有益气活血、通脉止痛之功,通过补气化瘀治疗冠心病心绞痛之气虚血瘀证.标本同治及用动物脏器、辛温芳香药物入药是本方的组方特色,期望本研究结果可为安神补心六味丸的进一步研究提供参考与思路.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Areca Thirteen Pill, also called Gao You-13 (GY-13), is a traditional Mongolian herbal formula and has been extensively used to treat depression in Mongolian areas, which belongs to Heyi disease in Mongolian medicine. Major depressive disorder is a serious psychiatric disease, only one-third of in-dividuals with depression are responsive to current antidepressants in clinic. Growing attention has been attracted by traditional herbal medicines in fighting depression because they are considered safer alternatives to pharmacotherapy.Aim of the study: To reveal the mechanism of GY-13 in the treatment of depression.Materials and methods: The rat depression model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and primary hippocampal neurons were used to construct a glutamate-induced excitotoxicity model. The anti-depressant effect of GY-13 was then assessed by performing sucrose preference tests, open field tests, and body weight measurements on rats. The expression of cAMP and PKA, mRNA levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis were measured.Results: The results indicate that GY-13 significantly improves depression-like behavior, rescues decreased cAMP, PKA, recovers the mRNA levels of CREB and BDNF, and increases the proliferative activity of hippo-campus. In addition, blockade of PKA reverses the effects of GY-13 treatment on CREB mRNA, BDNF mRNA levels. In vitro, GY-13 treatment increased hippocampal proliferative activity and attenuated Glu-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons as well as reduced CREB mRNA and BDNF mRNA expression levels. Conclusions: Our research demonstrated that GY-13 treatment exerted a potent antidepressant action via acti-vation of cAMP/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, promoting proliferation, and suppressing apoptosis. This research provides molecular biological ground for developing GY-13 into a potent alternative for the intervention of depression.

目的:探讨蒙医常用方剂处方的用药规律.方法:收集、整理、筛选《中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准·蒙药分册》《中国医学百科全书·蒙医学》《传统蒙药与方剂》《蒙医方剂学》(蒙文版蒙医教材)中的常用蒙医方剂,从剂型、方剂类型、用药频次、药物分类、性味、药效等角度进行频次统计、关联规则与聚类分析,探讨其处方用药规律.结果:共筛选出524首蒙医常用方剂;最常用剂型为散剂;五脏类方为主要方剂类型;高频药物依次为诃子、红花、栀子等;药物分类中祛巴达干药物使用频次最高,占比16.36％,其次为清热类药物、镇赫依类药物等;药性以凉性为主,占43.33％;药味以苦味为主,占45.55％;药物效能中轻性频次最高,占41.39％,其次为钝、燥、糙等;19个高频药对中有13个涉及镇赫依类药物,9组核心药物内"川楝子→栀子"的置信度最高;系统聚类得出6个药物组合,包括4个凉性组合、2个温性组合.结论:蒙医方剂善用散剂,重治五脏,习用诃子;围绕"六基症"对"证"组方;习用性凉,味苦,效轻、锐、燥、糙之药,常用对药以镇赫依类药物为主,置信度最高的核心药物组合为"川楝子→栀子";聚类组合以凉性为主,与药性结果互为验证.

对北京中医药大学民族医学博士研究生培养现状进行分析,发现招生制度、导师队伍、培养机制及培养目标等方面仍存在不足.针对上述问题,提出优化招生制度、加强师资队伍建设等措施,为我国民族医学高等人才的招收和培养建言献策.

目的:应用网络药理学、体外实验技术,预测以及验证蒙药槟榔十三味丸的止痛作用机制.方法:TCMSP数据库及文献挖掘获取槟榔十三味丸的化学成分,SwissTargetPrediction及Uniprot数据库预测成分相关靶点信息,检索OMIM等疾病靶点数据库,收集疼痛、炎症疼痛、抑郁疼痛及神经疼痛的靶点,映射至槟榔十三味丸活性成分靶点基因,构建"活性成分—靶点"网络,STRING数据库获取蛋白相互作用关系网络信息,DAVID数据库进行GO生物过程富集分析和KEGG信号通路富集分析.HEK293 细胞转染 TRPV1、TRPA1 质粒,制备 hTRPV1/HEK293 细胞和 hTRPA1/HEK293 细胞模型,采用全细胞膜片钳技术检测槟榔十三味丸水提取物干预转染细胞后对细胞跨膜电流的影响.结果:从槟榔十三味丸的13味药材中共得86个化学成分,筛选出805个复方治疗疼痛靶点、732个治疗炎症疼痛靶点、713个治疗抑郁疼痛靶点及793个治疗神经疼痛靶点,与热敏通道(TRPA1、TR-PV1及TRPV2等)相关化合物21个,共涉及135条信号通路.体外实验结果表明,槟榔十三味丸水提取物能够激活TRPA1/HEK293和TRPV1/HEK293细胞诱导其产生明显的跨膜电流.结论:槟榔十三味丸可能通过作用于TRPA1、TRPV1等热敏靶点,从而调节神经组织中配体受体的交互刺激、炎性介质对色氨酸通道及cGMP-PKG等信号通路发挥止痛作用.

目前我国蒙医药博士研究生教育正处于起步阶段,尚未形成成熟的培养体系.梳理我国蒙医药博士研究生培养现状,深入分析我国蒙医药博士研究生培养存在着招收专业少,专业学位培养尚属空白;课程设置有待加强,教学方法亟需完善;师资力量薄弱等问题,并提出改进措施,为蒙医药事业发展过程中所需的高层次、拔尖创新人才的培养献言建策.

目的:基于网络药理学方法探讨扎冲十三味丸中8种植物药抗风湿的作用机制.方法:通过中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP)获取草乌、沉香、木香、甘草、丁香、诃子、肉豆蔻以及石菖蒲的化学成分,以口服生物利用度(OB)大于30％及药物相似度(DL)大于0.18为条件,结合文献研究筛选出以上8种植物药的主要活性成分;通过TCMSP及Swiss Target Prediction数据库查找筛选其活性成分的靶点.通过检索OMIM等疾病靶点数据库,收集有关风湿炎症性疾病的靶点,映射至扎冲十三味丸活性成分靶点基因,构建活性成分-靶点网络,利用STRING网站构建共同靶点蛋白相互作用网络(PPI).将共同靶基因通过DAVID数据库进行GO功能富集与KEGG通路富集分析.结果:从扎冲十三味丸的8种植物药中筛选出93个活性成分,61个与抗风湿炎症性疾病相关的作用靶点;GO功能富集筛选得到生物学过程相关条目8条、分子功能相关条目3条及细胞组分相关条目6条;KEGG通路富集筛选得到18条相关通路,涉及癌症通路、破骨细胞分化信号通路等.结论:扎冲十三味丸通过TNF、破骨细胞分化等信号通路对细胞增殖、凋亡、炎症反应和机体的免疫调节等过程产生影响而发挥治疗风湿炎症性疾病的作用.

目的 探讨蒙医镇赫依(蒙语,调理气机)方剂的处方用药规律.方法 全面收集、整理、筛选《中国医学百科全书·蒙医学》《传统蒙药与方剂》《中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准·蒙药分册》《内蒙古蒙成药标准》《蒙医方剂学》(蒙医教材,蒙文版)中镇赫依方剂,从用药频次、分类、药性、六味、药效、关联分析角度进行频数统计,探讨其处方用药规律.结果 蒙医镇赫依方剂的高频药物为肉豆蔻、荜茇、白豆蔻、沉香、木香等;分类以镇赫依药物为主,占32.52％;药性以温性药为主,占47.36％;六味以辛味药为主,占54.67％;药效以腻性为主,占51.63％;20组高频药对中18组有镇赫依药物,23个核心药物组合中21个涉及镇赫依药物、17个有肉豆蔻.结论 蒙医镇赫依方剂组成以镇赫依药物为主,调节三根(组成人体的基本物质),习用味辛性温、腻之药,常用对药、角药以镇赫依药物为主,肉豆蔻是核心药物;与中医理气剂对比,可以借鉴其疏肝药物的配伍.

金匮肾气丸首载于《伤寒杂病论·金匮要略》.其疗效卓著,于临床广为应用.后世于其功效仁者见仁,智者见智,本篇从"组方新解"、"重拾原文"、"现代应用"着重阐述,提出应为滋阴助阳,补益肾气之功效.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of acupuncture of "Daimai"(GB26) on abdominal fat accumulation, lipid metabolism and hepatic oxidative stress in abdominal obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rats. METHODS:male SD rats were divided into 3 groups: normal diet (normal, n＝8), high fat diet control (model) and acupuncture (n＝8/group in the latter 2 groups). The abdominal obese NAFLD model was established by feeding the rats with high fat diet for 12 weeks. EA (2 Hz/15 Hz, 1.5 mA) was applied to bilateral GB26 for 20 min, once every other day for 8 weeks. Rats of the model group were also restrained for 20 min as those in the EA group. The body mass and abdominal circumference were measured weekly, the isolated adipose tissues around the bilateral kidney and epididymis and the fresh liver were weighed. The contents of serum cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine transaminase (ALT), glutamic oxaloacetic aminotransferase (AST) were detected by using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The abdominal visceral fat distribution was acquired by CT scanning. The oxidative stress indexes of the homogenated liver tissues, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) was assayed using sodium thiobarbital (TBA) method, and the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were assayed by using hydroxylamine method and colorimetric method respectively. The histopathological changes of the liver were observed after staining with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). RESULTS:Following modeling, the body mass and waist circumference, visceral fat weight of bilateral kidneys and testis (visceral fat weight), liver weight, serum ALT, AST, TG and TC and liver MDA contents, were significantly higher in the model group (P<0.001，P<0.05), while hepatic T-SOD and GSH-PX activity was considerably lower in the model group than those in the normal group (P<0.001). After acupuncture intervention, the levels of all the above-mentioned indexes (modeling induced both increase and decrease) were reversed relevant to the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The results of CT scanning showed that the fat accumulation area in the abdomen was 8.67 cm2, 18.51 cm2 and 13.75 cm2 in the normal, model and acupuncture groups, respectively, presenting a decrease after acupuncture. H．E. staining displayed that the degree of hepatic steatosis (including vague hepatic lobule boundary, disordered arrangement of hepatic cord, hepatocellular swelling, diffuse fatty degeneration, unequal-sized lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, nucleus excursion and dissolution after modeling) was improved after acupuncture. CONCLUSION:Acupuncture can reduce body weight and abdominal fat accumulation in abdominal obese NAFLD rats, which may be related to its effects in inhibiting oxidative stress (lowering MDA level and increasing the activity of T-SOD and GSH-PX) and improving hepatic lipid metabolism.