Objective:To investigate the characteristics and cognition status of ATS and ketamine abusers in compulsory rehabilitation centers.Methods:Using the self-developed synthetic drug abuse questionnaire,the total of 486 ATS and ketamine abusers in seven compulsory rehabilitation centers in Wuhan was investigated to analyze the ATS and ketamine abusers' relative characteristics.Results:(1) In the population of ATS and ketamine abusers in Wuhan compulsory rehabilitation centers,male accounted for 89.71％,21 to 30-year-old persons accounted for 43.83％,unemployed persons accounted for 70.16％ and unmarried persons accounted for 48.77％.(2) Only 36.62％ of patients have a correct understanding of synthetic drugs.(3) The first three reasons for patients' first drug use were:"curiosity","influence or stimulation from friends","boring".Conclusions:(1) Young,unemployed and unmarried are the high risk population characteristics of ATS and ketamine abuse.Synthetic drug prevention efforts should focus on these people.(2) The lack of drug hazard awareness suggest that we should strengthen the drug prevention education,enhance their drug hazard cognition level,reduce their curiosity of drug and improve their drug resistance skills so that they could prevent drug abuse effectively.

Introduction: New-type drugs are popular with adolescents and could lead to psychiatry disorders, but no medications have been proven to be effective for these disorders of new-type drug dependence. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tryptophan on sleeping disorders and mental symptoms in detoxified individuals with new-type drug dependence.Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled trial included 80 detoxified individuals with new-type drug dependence, recruited successively from a Compulsory Residential Drug Abstinence Institution in Wuhan, China, from April 2012 to November 2012. Eligible participants were randomly allocated to be treated with tryptophan (1000mg/d, n=40) or placebo (n=40) for 2 weeks. The sleeping disorders and mental symptoms were assessed using Athens Insomnia Scale and Symptom Check-List-90 at baseline and 2 weeks. Results were analyzed according to the "intention-to-treat" approach.Results: Forty-five participants completed the 2-week study, 24 in the tryptophan group and 21 in the placebo group. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups and the treatment adherence was similar between groups. The reduction in the Athens Insomnia Scale score in the tryptophan group was significantly greater than that in the placebo group (P=0.017). However, no significant differences were found in Symptom Check-List-90 scores (either by individual dimension or the overall score) between groups (all P>0.05). The frequency of adverse events was similar and no serious adverse events were reported during the study.Conclusion: Tryptophan was unlikely to be effective for mental symptoms, but could alleviate sleep disorders in short term among detoxified individuals with new-type drug dependence. Future large-scale trials are required to confirm findings from this study.

目的:了解氯胺酮滥用所致躯体-心理-社会功能损害,为制定预防氯胺酮滥用工作提供科学依据.方法:采用整群抽样,纳入武汉市五个强制隔离戒毒机构内符合条件的氯胺酮滥用患者进行调查.结果:氯胺酮滥用患者平均年龄(30.13±7.12)岁,吸食氯胺酮时间平均为(89.47±48.49)月.吸食氯胺酮造成的身体损害症状前三位为"入睡困难"、"尿频尿急尿痛"和"体重下降";造成的心理损害症状前三位为"健忘记忆力下降"、"烦躁易发火"和"胡思乱想、空想";造成社会功能损害症状前三位为"对身边的人和事关心变少"、"工作能力下降"和"人生无目标规划".氯胺酮混吸其他毒品患者相比单纯氯胺酮患者,其身体、心理和社会功能损害程度均高(P＜0.05).氯胺酮使用月数与躯体损害、心理损害和社会功能损害得分均呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论:氯胺酮滥用导致严重的躯体-心理-社会功能健康危害.加强氯胺酮健康危害知识预防教育和提高抵制诱惑和拒绝的能力,有助于预防氯胺酮滥用.

Objective:To assess the efficacy of the program of Cognition-Motivation-Emotional intelligence and Resistance(CMER) on prevention in drug abuse among vocational high school students,and to provide bases for the prevention and intervention.Methods:328 students were randomly selected from one vocational high school in Wuhan,then they were randomly divided into three groups,intervention group one,group two and control group.The intervention group two received a intervention program of CMER,group one accepted traditional educational pattern,and no intervention was given to the control.Self-designed questionnaire survey was given to both the intervention and the control before and after the intervention.Results:After intervention,the mean scores of group two on the knowledge of addiction and damage of illicit drugs were significantly higher than those of the control and than before intervention(P <0.05).The curious rate of heroin or opium of male students in group two is significant lower than group one(P <0.05).In terms of self-protection consciousness,the mean scores of group two is significant higher than those of control group and group one(P<0.05).Conclusion:CMER intervention pattern can effectively enhance the students' understanding about drug abuse and selfprotection awareness,as well as reduce the curiosity of the students to drugs.

Background: Several studies have assessed the association between genetic polymorphisms of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1) and risk of mood disorders and alcohol dependence, with controversial results. Our aim was to assess the association of TPH1 A218C polymorphism (rs1800532) with mood disorders, including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, and alcohol dependence by using meta-analysis.Methods: Data were collected from the related literatures published until November 25, 2010 from MEDLINE, EMBASE and ISI Web of Science databases, and meta-analysis stratified by ethnicity was performed in either fixed or random effect model as appropriate by using Stata Statistical Package (version 10.0).Results: Twenty-seven individual studies were included in the current study, among which, there were 9 studies for bipolar disorder, with 1951 cases and 2161 controls, 14 studies for major depressive disorder, with 2340 cases and 3204 controls, and 4 studies for alcohol dependence, with 601 cases and 711 controls. We found that in Caucasian population, the TPH1 218AA genotype was significantly associated with increased bipolar disorder risk (recessive comparison: OR, 1.42; Bonferroni-adjusted P=0.006; homozygote comparison: OR, 1.63; Bonferroni-adjusted P=0.072), and elevated alcohol dependence risk (recessive comparison: OR, 1.83; Bonferroni-adjusted P=0.012), while the association was not significant in Asian population. Moreover, the A218C polymorphism did not appear to have any effect on major depressive disorder risk either in Caucasians or in Asians.Conclusion: The TPH1 A218C polymorphism is a potential biomarker for bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence risk in Caucasian population. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

This study examined the effects of combined administration of tyrosine, lecithin, L-glutamine and L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on heroin withdrawal syndromes and mental symptoms in detoxified heroin addicts. In the cluster-randomized placebo-controlled trial, 83 detoxified heroin addicts were recruited from a detoxification treatment center in Wuhan, China. Patients in the intervention group (n=41) were given the combined treatment with tyrosine, lecithin, L-glutamine and 5-HTP and those in the control group (n=42) were administered the placebo. The sleep status and the withdrawal symptoms were observed daily throughout the study, and the mood states were monitored pre- and post-intervention. The results showed that the insomnia and withdrawal scores were significantly improved over time in participants in the intervention group as compared with those in the control group. A greater reduction in tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, fatigue-inertia and total mood disturbance, and a greater increase in their vigor-activity symptoms were found at day 6 in the intervention group than in the control group (all P<0.05). It was concluded that the neurotransmitter-precursor-supplement intervention is effective in alleviating the withdrawal and mood symptoms and it may become a supplementary method for patients’ recovery from heroin addiction.

静脉吸毒人群是主要的HIV感染人群,全国累积病例报告显示,约50%是静脉吸毒者,并且因为共用注射器具传播HIV的效率最高,静脉吸毒人群在今后数年内将仍然是我国最主要的高危人群[1].为了探讨适用于吸毒人群的AIDS干预方法,笔者于2008年6至11月,在武汉市强制隔离戒毒所和武汉市劳教局下属的劳教所抽取了1039名吸毒人员,开展了有针对性的健康教育和心理干预,并且在于预后对结果进行评估,现将结果分析如下.

目的 了解戒毒者共用注射器的行为发生情况、相关认知与态度,探讨共用注射器的危险因素,以及对戒毒者进行艾滋病预防的心理干预对策.方法 采用整群随机抽样方法,于2008年6月在武汉市某强制戒毒机构,随机抽取209名戒毒者进行匿名自我填表式问卷调查.结果 吸毒史超过6年者,共用注射器率为55.4%;认为共用注射器没有关系的,共用率高达85.3%.女性吸毒者共用注射器的危险性是男性的3.2倍.调查表明,共用注射器的心理原因是:心瘾发作来不及消毒占41.6%,认为共用一、两次没关系占23.5%,对同伴信任占21.7%,姐妹、哥们义气不好拒绝占16.9%,认为与固定的一、两个人共用注射器比较安全占16.9%.结论 对有共用注射器倾向的危险人群,应采取有针对性的干预措施,并将心理干预作为重要干预手段.

本文就武汉市公安局安康医院先后收治的4000例强制戒毒人员情况进行初步分析,旨在研究吸毒活动的特点,并谈谈对戒毒工作的肤浅认识,供参考.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">&lt;正&gt; 妇女被强奸因精神障碍而提请司法精神医学鉴定有两种情况,一是原患有精神疾病妇女,因丧失性防卫能力遭强奸、国内对这类案例报告颇多;二是精神正常妇女被强奸后出现精神障碍,对此报告甚少。本文对7例第二类案例与被奸后未发生精神障碍的</span>