查阅并整理近年来中医药治疗肾结石的相关研究,综述利湿通淋排石法、活血化瘀排石法、益气温肾排石法、针灸外治法、中医内外兼治法、中西医结合法以及中成药对防治肾结石的临床研究,期望为临床辨治肾结石提供更多参考.

目的 基于数据挖掘方法分析《中华医典》中收录的所有治疗小儿淋证的古方用药规律,包括高频药物、药对及新方组合等,以期为临床遣方用药和创制新方提供参考.方法 搜集整理《中华医典》(第5版)中历代治疗小儿淋证的方剂,录入中医传承辅助系统软件(V2.5),采用改进的互信息法和复杂系统熵聚类法等数据挖掘方法,对治疗小儿淋证的方剂进行组方规律分析.结果 对筛选出的101首治疗小儿淋证的处方进行分析,显示使用频次均在10次以上有19味,其关联系数均在0.035以上的常用药对7个,获得8个核心组合,4个新处方.结论 高频药物的配伍体现了治疗小儿淋证多采用清热利湿,通淋止痛,兼以凉血止血、温阳散寒、理气化湿的治疗原则.

Objective:To provide the reference for the use of prescription, medication and the innovation of new prescriptions by analyzing TCM medication rules for kidney stone in the literature based on data mining. Methods:The prescriptions of treating kidney stone in the recent ten years were collected and arranged in the literature, and typed into TCMISS (V2.5), the medication rules of the prescriptions for kidney stone were analyzed by the methods of data mining including modified mutual information method and complex system entropy clustering method.Results: All 76 prescriptions of treating kidney stone which were screened out were analyzed, and the results showed that there were 19 herbs at the frequency of more than 15 times, and there were ten commonly-used couplet medicines with the correlation coefficient higher than 0.04, four core combinations and two new prescriptions obtained. Conclusion: The compatibility of high frequency herbs represents therapeutic principle that TCM therapy for kidney stone usually is to clear heat and dampness, eliminate the stones, induce diuresis for treating strangurtia, tonify renal Qi complicating with promote blood circulation and eliminate blood stasis.

升降出入是生命之气运行的基本形式,气机升降运动贯穿于人体生命活动的始终,如肺气的肃降、肝气的升发、心火的下降、肾水的上升、脾气的升清、六腑的降浊等,五脏六腑的生理功能都是气机升降出入的具体体现. 若气机的升降出入运动失调也必然会引起人体组织器官功能的紊乱,如"清气在下,则生飧泄;浊气在上,则生月真胀[1]."因此,调节气机升降出入成为中医治疗脏腑疾病的重要原则之一,升降出入配伍理论同样具有重要的研究价值. 疾病有升降出入的病理趋向,治法有升降敛散的因势利导,药物亦有升降浮沉的作用趋向,三者相互结合,则治疗功用甚多,有助于组方配伍多样化,丰富方剂理论内容. 本文对调理气机升降的主要治法简述如下.

目的:探究《普济方》妊娠心痛方的组方用药规律.方法:搜集整理《普济方》中的妊娠心痛方剂,运用频数分析、药物关联方法对搜集到的32首方剂进行数据分析.结果:补虚药为妊娠心痛方组成的基本药物,理气药、温里药是其主要的增效配伍药物,化湿药、活血化瘀药是其重要的辅助配伍药物;使用频次在前十位的药物有白术、人参、川芎、茯苓、炙甘草、陈皮、当归、木香、厚朴、草豆蔻.结论:妊娠心痛为本虚标实之病证,补益气血、安和胎气为治疗本病的基本原则,用药上以补虚药为主,在此基础上配伍理气药以调畅气机,温里药以温散寒邪.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor of digestive tract.Based on the summary of the understandings of cancer of generations of physicians,the etiology,pathogenesis and syndrome types of colorectal cancer are analyzed.In treatment of the disease,strengthening the body resistance to eliminate pathogenic evil and combining tonification and purgation should be the main methods.Methods for strengthening body resistance includes supplementing the spleen,tonifying the kidney,nourishing Yin.Methods for eliminating the pathogenic evil includes promoting blood circulation to resolving blood stasis,resolving phlegm and removing dampness,clearing heat and removing poison.This paper aims at guiding the clinical treatment.

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. Chinese medical therapy that in treatment of colorectalcarcinoma,play a certain advantage in enhancing efficiency,preventing postoperative relapse and metastasis,reducing poisonous side effects of chemotherapy,raising survival rate and improving life quality of the pa-tients. It has an irreplaceable position in the comprehensive treatment of colorectal cancer. The writer induce and sum-marize that the etiology and pathogenesis、TCM syndrome differentiation of colorectal cancer,and in recent years the doctors do the colorectal cancer treatment of traditional Chinese medicine research and has positive significance in im-proving the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of colorectal cancer.

目的:探讨《清宫医案》沤子方外治黄褐斑的疗效和作用机制.方法:根据文献采用黄体酮肌注法配合紫外线照射制作黄褐斑实验动物模型.取健康雌性模型小鼠60只随机分为6组:空白组、空白霜组、沤子方霜高、中、低剂量组、氢醌组,每组10只,动物皮肤局部分别外涂相应药物,连续35d.取小鼠血清及涂药部位的皮肤组织检测SOD活性及MDA含量,并对皮肤组织进行HE染色及免疫组化染色进行组织形态观察.结果:中药各组、氢醌组都能提高皮肤、血清SOD含量,其中中剂量组效果较好(P＜0.01),且提高皮肤SOD含量明显优于氢醌组(P＜0.05);中药各组都能降低皮肤、血清MDA含量,氢醌组能降低皮肤中MDA含量,其中药中、低剂量组效果明显优于氢醌组(P＜0.05),且中剂量组效果最好;中药组均能减轻小鼠表皮上皮层细胞增生及排列紊乱,减轻真皮层内小血管扩张,减少炎性细胞及黑色素细胞数,其中中、高剂量组及氢醌组减少阳性细胞数作用较好,3组间比较无明显差异性.结论:沤子方对实验性黄褐斑模型小鼠有较好的治疗作用,其机制可能与升高抗氧化酶活性、降低过氧化物含量有关.