通过对《杏轩医案》中从脾辨治疾病代表医案梳理分析,发现程文囿治疗痰饮水湿之邪相关疾病首辨寒热虚实,恢复脾运使外湿可化,内湿不生,疾病乃愈;气机失调疾病则注重运脾理气,升举脾元,恢复气机升降;血证脾健则统摄有权,化生有源,失血过多急证常益气固脱为先,水火失济治在滋阴敛阳,吐血多以胃药收功意亦在于此.土载四行,五脏中皆有脾气,脾病能够影响五脏,五脏之病亦能通过补益脾土治疗获效,久病正虚,亦多以扶土善后;同时注重体质差异对辨治疾病的影响.本文旨在为临证从脾辨治诸疾提供新思路.

通过对《临证指南医案》中淋浊相关医案分析,总结清代名医叶天士辨治淋浊经验.对于淋浊病因病机,叶天士提出了奇脉病论及败精浊瘀阻窍成病之说.治疗淋浊则首辨虚实,通补并重,可归纳为分利湿热法、清利火腑法、利气疏导法、滑利通阳法、益阴和阳法、补养下元法,并首论从奇经论治,开升固八脉之气法,同时提出诸法具体方药运用经验,使后世治疗淋浊疾病可师可法.

总结年莉教授运用"利水调脏中医疗法"治疗尿道综合征的临床经验,年莉教授认为尿道综合征的病位在尿道,核心病机是五脏失调,湿邪阻滞,水道不利.其中湿邪阻滞,水道不利是标,而五脏失调是发病的重要内因.五脏失调包括肝郁气滞、脾虚夹湿、肾虚不固、心热移肠、肺痿虚冷.五脏功能失调,气机运行不利,以及疾病迁延日久导致气滞血瘀,皆可使湿邪阻滞,水道不利而致病."利水调脏中医疗法"是通过采用"利水调脏方药内服"与"利水调脏针法"相结合,通利水道,调节内脏的扶正通利之法,使水道通利而不伤正气,内脏调畅而不助湿邪,通过年莉教授数十年的临床经验证明,"利水调脏中医疗法"对尿道综合征患者具有良好的疗效,值得临床广泛推广.

文章总结年莉教授运用"年氏三联中医综合疗法"治疗头面带状疱疹的临证经验,年教授认为头面带状疱疹的病机是湿、热、火毒客于经络,气滞血瘀,阻遏经络而致病,分为肝经郁热型、脾虚湿蕴型、痰瘀阻络型,"年氏三联中医综合疗法"通过中药内服结合针刺外用可清热祛湿、化痰通络;局部中药湿敷,可清热解毒、活血止痛、保护创面,促进愈合,多年临床经验证明,"年氏三联中医综合疗法"对患有头面带状疱疹的患者取得了良好疗效。

尿道综合征(urethral syndrome,US)是指有尿频、尿急/尿痛、下坠感等明显的下尿路刺激症状,但无器质性病变,排除细菌、特殊病原菌尿路感染的一组非特异性综合征的总称[1].女性发病率高达50％[2],严重影响患者生活质量[3].中医认为尿道综合征属于"淋证"范畴,近年来中药治疗US有着明显效果.本文通过搜集近10年中药治疗US的文献,用中医传承辅助平台软件(V2 . 5 )挖掘中药治疗US的组方用药配伍规律,为临床治疗提供参考.

查阅并整理近年来中医药治疗肾结石的相关研究,综述利湿通淋排石法、活血化瘀排石法、益气温肾排石法、针灸外治法、中医内外兼治法、中西医结合法以及中成药对防治肾结石的临床研究,期望为临床辨治肾结石提供更多参考.

淋证为常见的临床疾病之一,其症状表现多为小便频数短涩,淋沥刺痛,小腹拘急隐痛为主的疾病.现代医学的急、慢性泌尿道感染,尿路结石等疾病,均属该病的范围.在《中医内科学》第8版教材里,将淋证分为热淋、石淋、血淋、气淋、膏淋、劳淋6种证型[1].但与华氏《中藏经》症状不一,证型亦不同,提出冷淋、热淋、气淋、劳淋、膏淋、砂淋、虚淋、实淋[2]8种证型[2],第一次提出冷淋.五苓散源自《伤寒论》,由泽泻、猪苓、茯苓、桂枝、白术构成,具有利水渗湿、温阳化气的功效.

目的 基于数据挖掘方法分析《中华医典》中收录的所有治疗小儿淋证的古方用药规律,包括高频药物、药对及新方组合等,以期为临床遣方用药和创制新方提供参考.方法 搜集整理《中华医典》(第5版)中历代治疗小儿淋证的方剂,录入中医传承辅助系统软件(V2.5),采用改进的互信息法和复杂系统熵聚类法等数据挖掘方法,对治疗小儿淋证的方剂进行组方规律分析.结果 对筛选出的101首治疗小儿淋证的处方进行分析,显示使用频次均在10次以上有19味,其关联系数均在0.035以上的常用药对7个,获得8个核心组合,4个新处方.结论 高频药物的配伍体现了治疗小儿淋证多采用清热利湿,通淋止痛,兼以凉血止血、温阳散寒、理气化湿的治疗原则.

[Objective] The aim of the study was to prepare compound Diandao gel and evaluate physical and chemical properties. [Methods]Carbomer-940 was used to make the gel matrix.Gelatinization temperature of the gel and viscosity of the gel were used as the indicators to optimize the prescription and preparation of compound Diandao gel. Its appearance, pH, rheology were evaluated. And the in vitro release characteristics of the gel were investigated by membrane dialysis method in phosphate buffered saline (PBS)whose pH was 7.8. [Results]The results of prescription optimization were thatthe gel matrixwas 25% of total prescription and gelation temperature of the gel formulationwas 33℃.The appearance of the compound Diandao gel was golden yellow latex-like semi-solid. Its pH of the gel was 7.Its viscosity of the gel was 7 533 mPa·s.In vitro release results were shown that the release rate of compound Diandao gel reached 90.38% in 12 hours.The results were in agreement with the Ritger-Peppas equation and the R value was 0.9562,indicating that the gel has a good sustained-release effect. [Conclusion]The preparation process of compound inverted gel is stable.Its physical and chemical properties including appearance, pH,rheology and in vitro release properties all meet the in vitro application requirements.The compound Diandao gel has a good development prospects.

Mind mapping is a visual visualization tool originated in Europe.This study mainly discusses its application in the teaching and learning process of prescriptions of Chinese materia medica.By drawing the idea of individualized medication with the composition,function and indications,as well as integrating of multiple prescriptions with the syndrome differentiation system,this paper explores the importance of mind mapping in the cultivation of TCM philosophical thinking mode.

Objective:To provide the reference for the use of prescription, medication and the innovation of new prescriptions by analyzing TCM medication rules for kidney stone in the literature based on data mining. Methods:The prescriptions of treating kidney stone in the recent ten years were collected and arranged in the literature, and typed into TCMISS (V2.5), the medication rules of the prescriptions for kidney stone were analyzed by the methods of data mining including modified mutual information method and complex system entropy clustering method.Results: All 76 prescriptions of treating kidney stone which were screened out were analyzed, and the results showed that there were 19 herbs at the frequency of more than 15 times, and there were ten commonly-used couplet medicines with the correlation coefficient higher than 0.04, four core combinations and two new prescriptions obtained. Conclusion: The compatibility of high frequency herbs represents therapeutic principle that TCM therapy for kidney stone usually is to clear heat and dampness, eliminate the stones, induce diuresis for treating strangurtia, tonify renal Qi complicating with promote blood circulation and eliminate blood stasis.

升降出入是生命之气运行的基本形式,气机升降运动贯穿于人体生命活动的始终,如肺气的肃降、肝气的升发、心火的下降、肾水的上升、脾气的升清、六腑的降浊等,五脏六腑的生理功能都是气机升降出入的具体体现. 若气机的升降出入运动失调也必然会引起人体组织器官功能的紊乱,如"清气在下,则生飧泄;浊气在上,则生月真胀[1]."因此,调节气机升降出入成为中医治疗脏腑疾病的重要原则之一,升降出入配伍理论同样具有重要的研究价值. 疾病有升降出入的病理趋向,治法有升降敛散的因势利导,药物亦有升降浮沉的作用趋向,三者相互结合,则治疗功用甚多,有助于组方配伍多样化,丰富方剂理论内容. 本文对调理气机升降的主要治法简述如下.

目的:探究《普济方》妊娠心痛方的组方用药规律.方法:搜集整理《普济方》中的妊娠心痛方剂,运用频数分析、药物关联方法对搜集到的32首方剂进行数据分析.结果:补虚药为妊娠心痛方组成的基本药物,理气药、温里药是其主要的增效配伍药物,化湿药、活血化瘀药是其重要的辅助配伍药物;使用频次在前十位的药物有白术、人参、川芎、茯苓、炙甘草、陈皮、当归、木香、厚朴、草豆蔻.结论:妊娠心痛为本虚标实之病证,补益气血、安和胎气为治疗本病的基本原则,用药上以补虚药为主,在此基础上配伍理气药以调畅气机,温里药以温散寒邪.

《方剂学》是中医药学理、法、方、药知识体系中的重要课程,将知识链理论引入《方剂学》教学中,便于学生对前期中医基础知识及同期或后期中医经典、临床知识链条进行梳理和整合,使学生对所学知识有更完整的认识,有利于培养学生的中医思维.本文从教学目标、绘制思路、绘制要求、取得成效等4个方面探讨知识链教学法在《方剂学》教学中的应用.

Objective:To analyze the palpitation prescription rule in Shengji Zonglu.Methods:The use of prescription information mining system (V1.0) statistical frequency of the drug and drug class frequency,and use medicine association rules and disease drug association rules analysis the relationship between syndrome and heart palpitations drugs.Results:According to the rule of drug analysis,the basic pathogenesis of palpitation is asthenia in origin and asthenia in superficiality,deficiency of heart Qi,treatment principle of replenishing Qi and calming the nerves,commonly used drugs are Ginseng,Poria,Radix Polygalae,Licorice,Radix Saposhnikoviae,Tabasheer,while different syndromes,choose different drugs.High frequency compatibility of medicines mainly is Poria-Licorice,Radix Ophiopogonis-Licorice,Ginseng-Licorice,etc.Conclusion:Systematic analysis on the palpitation prescription in Shengji Zonglu can understand the basic ideas for the treatment of palpitation disease,and guide the clinical application.

[Objective] To explore the therapeutic effect of compound Diandao gel on the rat auricle acne model. [Methods] The rat auricle acne model was made by applying oleic acid to the right auricle of rat for 21 days. After model was established, all rats were divided into normal control group, saline group, adapalene gel group and low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose compound Diandao gel group. These rats were treated with different drugs for 14 days. Then the right auricle of rats was cut out and observed by the naked eye and microscopy. The experimental results were evaluated according to the grading standard for exploring the anti-acne effect of compound Diandao gel. [Results] After the model was established successfully, the skin of the right auricle of the rats was rough and thickened and hardened significantly. The skin was red and swollen, and the skin temperature was elevated. Histopathological observation by microscopy showed obvious pathological changes. After rats were treated with different drugs, the symptoms of auricle acne of rats in adapalene gel group and high-dose compound Diandao gel group were obviously alleviated, and the histological observation showed that auricles were close to normal tissue. The recovery rate of the low-dose group and middle-dose group was lower than that of the high-dose group. The recovery of the adapalene group and every compound Diandao gel groups was significantly better than that of the saline group (P<0.001). However, there was significant difference between low-dose and high-dose compound Diandao group ( P<0 . 05 ) . There was no significant difference between adapalene gel group and medium-dose , high-dose compound Diandao gel group (P>0.05). [Conclusion] Compound Diandao gel on the rat auricle acne model has a good therapeutic effect, and there is a certain dose-effect relationship.

Zishiying has been used for treating gynecological diseases since ancient time. Nowadays it is of-ten applied in the treatment of female infertility. Therefore,the study on combination of Zishiying in gyneco-logical formula is important for treat gynecological diseases. The gynecological formulas in Formulas for Uni-versal Relief were studied through statistical analysis,and it was found that Zishiying was often used to treat irregular menstruation and infertility was usually combined with Danggui,Renseng,Rougui,Baiziren,Cuanxiong that Zishiying was mainly used for gynecological disease of qi deficiency,blood stasis and cold coagulation.

The number of prescriptions related to Ginseng and Aconite Decoction in previous dynasties was over 10 and it first appeared in the book of Comprehensive Recording of Divine Assistance.The medical composition and function of clinical application of Ginseng and Aconite Injection originated from Supplement to Formulas to Aid the Living.Though the names of Ginseng and Aconite Decoction in various dynasties are the same,the compositions of the decoction varied.Modifications were made based on the main herbs of Renshen (Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng) and Fuzi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata),and the dosage of Renshen (Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng) and Fuzi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata) observe exploration.Though the indications are different,they all focus on the yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney,and even until now "Ginseng and Aconite Injection" is specifically used to treated true yang collapse due to yang qi deficiency.The dosages,compatibilities of the drugs and indications vary from dynasty to dynasty,which provides precious experience for the further exploration and innovation of later generations.

提高课堂效率在各层次、各年龄段的学校教育中一直是教师和学生追求的目标.以中医方剂学教学为例,通过第一堂课对学生听课效率进行调研的结果表明,学生之间听课效率相差悬殊.有针对性地采取措施调整影响听课效率的各种因素,对于学生学习效果的改善能够起到一定作用.结合学科特点提出多元化教学方法的有机结合是促进课堂效率提高的良好方法.

该文主要研究《类证治裁》一书治疗心病的组方用药规律.通过对《类证治裁》所记载的心痛相关资料整理研究,将收集到的109首治疗心病的方剂按照病种分别采用频数分析的方法进行统计分析.并从用药规律和药物关联两方面,对书中心病病种方的配伍规律进行了分析.