Gut microbiota are crucial for the fitness of endangered wildlife, yet how different conservation strategies affect these microbial ecosystems and their metabolic activities remains insufficiently understood. This study employed integrated metagenomic and metabolomic analyses to compare the gut microbial communities and fecal metabolomes of endangered golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) under three distinct conservation scenarios: natural wild, food provisioning, and captivity. We established a comprehensive species-specific gut microbial gene catalog and observed significant microbial and metabolic divergence associated with each conservation strategy. Monkeys in managed settings (captive and provisioned) exhibited larger gut microbial gene catalogs than wild individuals. While alpha diversity was highest in the provisioned group, both captive and provisioned groups showed notably altered microbial community structures and co-occurrence networks compared to the wild baseline. Captivity was linked to the most pronounced shifts, including a microbiome assembly more strongly governed by deterministic processes, reduced network stability, and an enrichment of habitat specialists, alongside an increased abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs), and distinct alterations in microbiota-metabolite co-variation patterns, particularly concerning amino acid metabolism. These findings highlight that food provisioning, when managed to emulate natural conditions, is associated with a less disruptive microbial and metabolic profile than intensive captivity, offering crucial insights for developing microbiome-informed conservation practices to enhance the health and long-term viability of this endangered primate.

Erigeron annuus, a member of the Asteraceae family, is widely distributed in tropic, subtropical and temperate regions of China. It is a plant native to North America, which was introduced to China at the end of the nineteenth century as an ornamental plant. E. annuus has great medicinal value. Its whole plant has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of indigestion, enteritis, epidemic hepatitis, lymphadenitis, hematuria, acute inflammation,malaria and obesity. E. annuus could be a phytoremediator for metal-and metalloid-contaminated soils. It can degrade diesel effectively, has strong tolerance and accumulation for uranium, cadmium, zinc, lead, and antimony, and can be distributed in soils with high pollution levels. Hence, In this study, it was to explore the characteristics of chloroplast（cp） genome and its phylogenetic relationship, laying a foundation for the further development of species identification,control and full utilization of E. annuus. The complete cp genome of E. annuus was assembled and sequenced by Illumina Nova Seq 6000 Sequencing platform and SPAdes v3.10. software. Taking the cp genome of E. canadensis（MT806101.1） as a reference, the genome feature and phylogenetic analysis study were investigated. The cp genome of E. annuus was a circular and quadripartite structure with a total length of 153 283 bp. The GC and AT content of the cp genome was 36.77% and 63.23%, respectively. The cp genome of E. annuus had four typical regions, containing a pair of inverted repeats（IRs, 25 019 bp） that were separated by the large single-copy（LSC, 84 833 bp） and small single-copy（SSC, 18 412 bp）. In total, 132 genes were predicted, consisting of 88 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA genes, and8 ribosomal RNA genes. The genes were divided into 4 categories according to the functions, including 45photosynthesis genes, 73 self-replication genes, 6 other genes and 8 genes of unknown function. SSR site analysis revealed that the cp genome sequence contained 200 SSR loci in total, which were spaced disproportionately through the genome with the largest number of SSRs distributed in the LSC region, followed by the SSC and IR regions. LSC, SSC and IR regions had 126, 40, and 34 SSRs, respectively. The number of SSRs in LSC, SSC and IR regions was accounted with 63%, 20% and 17%, respectively. The SSRs were mononucleotides, especially for A/T. The second most abundant motif type was the trinucleotide type, especially TAA, TAT and TTA. Phylogenetic analysis showed that E. annuus was closely related to the plant of E. canadensis. This study revealed the cp genomic information of E. annuus and would provide essential data for further studies on genetics, phylogeny, utilization and prevention of this species. This study revealed the chloroplast genome information and identified the phylogenetic branches of E. annuus, which would provide molecular theoretical support for further research on population genetics, phylogenetic geography, adaptive mechanism and management of E. annuus.

Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce is an essential Chinese herb, but continuous cropping (CC) often results in a serious root rot disease, reducing the yield and quality. Phenolic acids, released through plant root exudation, are typical autotoxic substances that easily cause root rot in CC. To better understand the phenolic acid biosynthesis of P. odoratum roots in response to CC, this study performed a combined microRNA (miRNA)-seq and RNA-seq analysis. The phenolic acid contents of the first cropping (FC) soil and CC soil were determined by HPLC analysis. The results showed that CC soils contained significantly higher levels of p-coumaric acid, phenylacetate, and caffeic acid than FC soil, except for cinnamic acid and sinapic acid. Transcriptome identification and miRNA sequencing revealed 15,788 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 142 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in roots from FC and CC plants. Among them, 28 DEGs and eight DEMs were involved in phenolic acid biosynthesis. Meanwhile, comparative transcriptome and microRNA-seq analysis demonstrated that eight miRNAs corresponding to five target DEGs related to phenolic acid synthesis were screened. Among them, ath-miR172a, ath-miR172c, novel_130, sbi-miR172f, and tcc-miR172d contributed to phenylalanine synthesis. Osa-miR528-5p and mtr-miR2673a were key miRNAs that regulate syringyl lignin biosynthesis. Nta-miR156f was closely related to the shikimate pathway. These results indicated that the key DEGs and DEMs involved in phenolic acid anabolism might play vital roles in phenolic acid secretion from roots of P. odoratum under the CC system. As a result of the study, we may have a better understanding of phenolic acid biosynthesis during CC of roots of P. odoratum.

Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce possesses widespread medicinal properties; however, the continuous cropping (CC) often leads to a severe consecutive monoculture problem (CMP), ultimately causing a decline in yield and quality. Photosynthesis is the fundamental process for plant growth development. Improving photosynthesis is one of the most promising approaches to increase plant yields. To better understand how P. odoratum leaves undergo photosynthesis in response to CC, this study analyzed the physiochemical indexes and RNA-seq. The physiochemical indexes, such as the content of chlorophyll (chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll), light response curves (LRCs), and photosynthetic parameters (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, Fm/F0, Piabs, ABS/RC, TRo/RC, ETo/RC, and DIo/RC) were all changed in P. odoratum under the CC system. Furthermore, 13,798 genes that exhibited differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified in the P. odoratum leaves of CC and first cropping (FC) plants. Among them, 7932 unigenes were upregulated, while 5860 unigenes were downregulated. Here, the DEGs encoding proteins associated with photosynthesis and carbon assimilation showed a significant decrease in expression under the CC system, such as the PSII protein complex, PSI protein complex, Cytochorome b6/f complex, the photosynthetic electron transport chain, light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complex, and Calvin cycle, etc., -related gene. This study demonstrates that CC can suppress photosynthesis and carbon mechanism in P. odoratum, pinpointing potential ways to enhance photosynthetic efficiency in the CC of plants.

Human conservation efforts have pros and cons for endangered animals. Metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome provides valuable insights and tools for wildlife conservation. However, most studies only focus on changes in microbial species and potential functional genes, leaving out the assembly mechanisms and metabolic activities of wildlife gut microbiome. Herein, we investigated the gut microbiome of golden snub-nosed monkeys under varied conservation strategies (wild, captive, and food provision) using metagenome and metabolome analysis. We found that the conserved monkeys had more non-redundant genes, distinct community diversities, and less stable gut microbiota. Source-tracking analysis showed captive group has fewer wild-sourced microbes than food provision group. The captive group had more habitat specialists with narrower niche breadth compared to the provision/wild counterparts. Besides, captive group's microbiota governed by deterministic processes more than provisioned/wild groups. Procrustes analysis revealed changes in antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors linked to mobile genetic elements in conserved monkeys. Notably, gut microbiota and metabolomic dataset had significant co-variation and clear separation among the wild, captive and food provision groups. Weighted correlation network analysis identified co-varying modules of microbiota and metabolites with opposite variation trends between the wild and conserved animals, specifically linked to co-metabolism pathways associated with essential amino acids. This study provides new insights into the structural features, assembly mechanisms, community functions, and microbiota-metabolome associations of wildlife gut microbiome under different conservation strategies and have significant implications for advancing sustainable conservation practices.

Low-molecular-weight polysaccharides (RLPs) extracted from Rosa laevigata fruits showed multiple biofunctions in Asia. This study aimed to investigate its anti-inflammatory obesity effect in high-fat diet-fed rats and further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism by multi-omics methods. The results showed that RLPs administration had significantly restored immune organ indexes and reduced body weight gain. RNA-seq revealed that the effect of RLPs was partially attributed to its regulation on PPARs signaling by increasing the expressions of Scd, Acox3 and Hmgcs2, and on other redox-related pathways by decreasing the expressions of Cyp2e1, Il1-r1 and Lbp. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing coupled with metagenome sequencing showed that RLPs had significantly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes from 8.01 to 2.37, and significantly increased the relative abundances of Alistipes, Prevotella, and Akkermansia from 0.36 %, 1.10 % and 2.61 % to 0.65 %, 2.37 % and 4.42 %, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis result indicated that the abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Prevotella and Bacteroidales were significantly negatively correlated with obesity phenotype, liver function and inflammatory factors. These results revealed that RLPs exerted significant anti-inflammatory obesity property partially via regulation on gut microbiota interface and the redox balance. Therefore, RLPs could be a promising functional food resource with the potential for redox imbalance-related diseases chemoprevention.

In view of the current teaching practice system of the plant protection specialty and its existing problems, this article discusses effective measures to strengthen freshmen's cognition and interest in the specialty, which has achieved good results after implementation.In the end, the authors look ahead to the reform system of practical teaching and put forward a series of suggestions for improvement.

以农学类专业基础课程植物生理学为例,分析了课程思政在专业基础课程教学中的意义,探讨了课程思政融入专业基础课程教学的途径,以期促进农学类专业基础课程课程思政教学效果的提高,为努力培养既有高尚道德情操、又有扎实理论基础、兼有广博国际视野、更有卓越实践能力的知农、爱农新型人才奠定基础.

新农科建设为我国高等农业院校教育教学改革规划了新蓝图,提出了新的要求,以资源利用与植物保护专业为例,对农业类研究生专业课程思政的意义、可行性、实施途径等方面进行探讨,探索与推进资源利用与植物保护领域专业课程思政建设,为农学类专业研究生教育开展课程思政教学改革提供参考,旨在使研究生树立专业认同,为乡村振兴战略的贯彻与落实提供科学技术支撑与人才保障.

A new eudesmane sesquiterpene, 12-acetoxy-1β,2α-dihydroxyeudesma-4(15),11(13)-diene (1), was isolated from Inula japonica. The chemical structure of compound 1 was elucidated by advanced spectroscopy techniques, such as 1H, 13C NMR, HMBC, HSQC, COSY, and NOESY. The compound 1 presented phytotoxic effect on the growth of lettuce at 250 ppm.

Digitaria sanguinalis (Linnaeus) Scopoli 1722 is an annual herbal plant that has important medicinal and ecological value. The chloroplast genome was 138,079 bp in length. In total, 129 genes were predicted, including 82 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The overall AT content of the genome was 61.39%. The phylogenetic analysis showed that D. sanguinalis and D. glauca formed a base clade in Panicoideae close to Thyridolepis xerophila. This study will help to understand the genetic diversity of the Digitaria plants.

本研究在资江冷水江段从上游到下游共设置了12个采样点,于枯水期(3月)和丰水期(7月)采集水样,测定水样中阿特拉津残留浓度,以探讨资江冷水江段的阿特拉津残留水平时空变化,并分析该河段水体中阿特拉津的主要来源.结果表明:资江冷水江段阿特拉津的残留水平枯水期为0.235～1.045μg/L、丰水期为0.723～3.742μg/L;阿特拉津的残留水平丰水期大幅高于枯水期,并且从上游到下游大体上呈现出逐渐降低的趋势.资江冷水江段的阿特拉津,丰水期来源包括附近农田输入、上游河流输入、沉降,枯水期的来源主要为上游河流输入.

对湘中地区5个县市15个乡镇的迷迭香新种植园杂草进行了调查,结果表明,新种植园内共有73种杂草,分别隶属于26科65属,其中相对多度>10％的杂草有9种,园内相对多度数值较大的杂草有马唐、鬼针草、白茅、苍耳、香附子等.该区域迷迭香新种植园杂草覆盖面小,杂草在种植园边缘分布较多,山坡地种植园和农田种植园的杂草种类分布大不相同.根据杂草的发生特点与规律,提出以绿色生态防控与化学防控相结合的防控建议,以期为湘中地区迷迭香种植园杂草的有效防除提供参考.

为了筛选出适宜湖南辣椒幼苗生长的穴盘育苗基质,选取进口泥炭和普通基质为原料进行混配,研究了不同基质配比对混合基质理化性状和辣椒幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:进口泥炭︰普通基质为1︰1和1︰2的混合基质,其松散度、持水能力、通透性较好,且对辣椒种子发芽、幼苗生长均较好,是辣椒基质穴盘育苗较好的育苗基质配方.

With the rapid development of agriculture in the new era and the improvement of higher education level, there are higher requirements for the ability of postgraduates in the field of resource utilization and plant protection.This article mainly researches the ways to cultivate the ability of professional postgraduates in the field of interest-oriented, omni-directional and diversified resource utilization and plant protection, mainly including perfecting the curriculum system, improving teaching methods, cultivating postgraduates' self-learning and innovative awareness and capabilities, enhancing postgraduates' academic horizon and scientific research capabilities, implementing a dual tutor system as well as industry-university-research training mode, affecting postgraduates' academic attitude and scientific spirit, etc., so as to promote the realization of the goal of training postgraduates.

油茶作为世界上四大食用油料之一,在我国农业经济中占有重要地位,而油茶林杂草一直是影响油茶产量及质量的重要因素,有效控制油茶林杂草发生有利于提高油茶林的经济效益及森林健康指标.基于前期湘中油茶林杂草调查结果,结合除草剂的作用机理,有针对性地设计10种不同化学除草剂混合试验,探究不同化学除草剂桶混配方效果,及检测油茶林中土壤除草剂残留含量.结果显示,草甘膦与其他除草剂混合施用效果比草铵膦与其他除草剂的混合施用效果好.此外研究发现,草甘膦与氟磺胺草醚混合施用可用于对油茶林阔叶类杂草防治,草甘膦与精喹禾灵混合处理对油茶林中以白茅等禾本科杂草的防治效果较好.该研究为今后开发适合于湘中油茶林杂草的化学防除技术,提升油茶林杂草的化学防治效果及经济效益提供了理论基础.

School-enterprise collaborative education is one of the directions of China's higher education reform, and an important means of cultivating applied talents. This article analyzes the problems of schoolenterprise collaborative education, and proposes methods and measures for school-enterprise collaborative education based on the characteristics of plant protection talent training. Based on the school-enterprise collaborative education model, this article discusses the construction of a comprehensive assessment system with students as the main body, aiming at further improving the ability and quality of cultivation of plant protection professionals and meeting the social needs of plant protection professionals.

创新创业教育对农学类专业人才培养起到强化、促进专业教育的作用.该文介绍了国内外专业创新创业教育研究的现状,探究了创新创业教育与农学类专业人才培养模式相结合的途径.

Extraction optimization, purification and partial characteristics of polysaccharides from the traditional Chinese herb Rosae Laevigatae Michx were investigated.R. Leavigata belongs to the Rosa genus and Rosaceae family, and its fruits are widely used as health food in China, Japan and the other Asian countries [1].In this study, the response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from R. Laevigatae fruits.The central composite design was used to optimize the extraction processing parameters.The optimum extraction conditions were extraction temperature 95 o C, extraction time 2.5 h, water to raw material ratio 22:1, and extraction frequency 3.Under the optimum conditions, the experimental yield was 9.55±0.1%,which is in good agreement with the predicted yield.Six major fractions (RLP-I-1, RLP-I-2, RLP-I-3, RLP-II-1, RLP-II-2 and RLP-II-3) were successfully obtained by purifying the crude polysaccharides extracted from the fruits by using diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose column chromatography and Sepharose CL-4B column chromatography respectively.The molecular weights of major fractions were determined by the high performance gel permeation chromatography with a differential refractive index detector (Waters2410, USA) and a G5000 PWxl column (7.8 mm×300 mm, TOSOH, Japan) connected in series with a G3000 PWxl column (7.8 mm×300 mm, TOSOH, Japan).The average molecular weight of the RLP-I-1, RLP-I-2, RLP-I-3, RLP-II-1, RLP-II-2, RLP-II-3 were estimated to be 8930 Da, 9498 Da , 9662 Da, 7673 Da, 8558 Da and 8323 Da, respectively.The fourier transform infrared spectra of the six polysaccharides were identical, and the broad stretching intense characteristic peak was shown at 3400 cm - 1 for the -OH group, whereas a weak C-H stretching band was observed from 2935-2939 cm -1 .The peaks at 1616 cm -1 were from the bending vibration absorption of -OH group.Absorption peaks ranged from 1460-1200 cm -1 were the variable angle vibrations of C-H.The peaks from 1285 cm -1 to 1020 cm -1 corresponded to C-O stretching vibrations.The absorption band round 880 cm -1 was due to the α-type glycosidic bond.Peaks ranged from 3600-3200 cm -1 and 1655-1615 cm -1 revealed that these compounds were carbohydrates.Moreover, no peaks were detected near 1715 cm -1 suggesting that the fructan had no uronic acid [2].In the present study, the anti-oxidative activities of the six polysaccharides toward super-oxide anion, hydroxyl, and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals in vitro were evaluated in terms of scavenging rate.The assays suggested that RLP-II-1, RLP-II-2 and RLP-II-3 presented higher scavenging activity toward superoxide anions, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals.The results indicated that the response surface methodology was an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from the R. Laevigatae fruits, and the polysaccharides could be explored as a potential antioxidant agent for use in functional foods.