Introduction: The catalytic activity of metallic nanomaterials depends on their surface morphology. A widely known method is the laser synthesis of metal nanostructures by depositing on dielectric surfaces from aqueous solutions containing metal complexes. The article analyzes the factors that favor the production of conductive, catalytic, and sensory-active deposits by laser method. It is shown that the two main factors is the presence of a large number of charged defects on heterophase surfaces and the structure of metal-containing complexes in solution. This is typical for mono- and bimetallic alloys, the components of which interact with the laser beams according to the autocatalytic type. Using the example of laser deposition from solutions of Co, Ni, Fe, Zn, and Ag salts with homo- and heterophase dielectrics, the sensory and catalytic properties of the deposits are compared by impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry. It has been shown that heterophase precipitation significantly enhances the catalysis response. Background: It is known that the highest catalytic activity exhibits nanostructured and highly porous materials with a large specific surface area and materials containing surface heterogeneity in the form of charged acid-base centers. Such materials are necessary for the creation of new catalysts for organic synthesis and for the creation of new sensor materials for enzyme-free microbiosensors. Active development of new methods for the synthesis of such materials is underway. But not all of them give the expected result. Methods: Laser synthesis methods have the best prospects, including the method of laser-induced metal deposition. This is the laser synthesis of metal nanostructures by depositing dielectric surfaces from aqueous solutions containing metal complexes. Results: Аrticle analyzes the factors that favor the production of conductive, catalytic, and sensory-active deposits by laser method. It is shown that the two main factors are the presence of a large number of charged defects on heterophase surfaces and the structure of a metal-contained complex in solution. This is typical for mono- and bimetallic alloys, the components of which interact with the laser beam according to the autocatalytic type. Using the example of laser deposition from solutions of Co, Ni, Fe, Zn, and Ag salts with homo- and heterophase dielectrics, the sensory and catalytic properties of the deposits are compared by impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry. Conclusion: It has been shown that heterophase precipitation significantly enhances the catalysis response. It is shown that the laser deposition reaction has an autocatalytic mechanism in a dynamic mode. The results of autocatalysis can be used in a stationary mode to create a microbiosensor for glucose, as well as to create a technology for laser refining rare metals and hydrogen energy in a dynamic mode.

В пособии изложены основные химические принципы и законы, которые следует учитывать и использовать при разработке и освоении технологических процессов при работе с различными веществами и изделиями. Материал, изложенный в пособии, не перегружен экспериментальными и теоретическими выкладками, а сконцентрирован на практических и прикладных аспектах химии, с тем чтобы прочитавшие его студенты и специалисты могли получить новые и освежить старые знания и навыки, необходимые в практической работе. Пособие предназначено для студентов вузов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 40.05.03 «Судебная экспертиза», и студентов других специальностей, в которых химия не является основным профилирующим предметом, но необходима как важная часть общего кругозора и как инструмент решения многих прикладных задач. К ним относятся в том числе специальности 22.03.01 «Материаловедение и технологии материалов», 22.03.02 «Металлургия». Пособие полезно и специалистам, работающим в промышленности, в технологических и аналитических лабораториях, в том числе экспертных и криминалистических.

Background Determination of diagnostically significant components of biological materials using enzyme-free microscopic sensors is an urgent scientific task, which is being worked on by a significant number of scientific groups in the world. This is due to the fact that microscopic sensor-active tracks on inert surfaces can be obtained without preliminary manufacturing of precision templates. Methods Laser Induced Chemical Liquid Phase Deposition (LCLD) is a laser technology that allows the deposition of microsized conductive tracks from aqueous solutions of transition metal compounds at the focus of a laser beam. These tracks can be formed by one or two metals at the same time. The possibility of obtaining complexes in solution in which two different metals interact with one common coordination sphere of the ligand is of particular interest. The structure of such complexes is still insufficiently studied. Results The present study supplements the missing information on tartaric acid complexes, which can simultaneously coordinate two metals, for example, copper, nickel, silver, iron, and cobalt. Heterophase LCLD demonstrates high sensory activity in the electrochemical oxidation/reduction of glucose and hydrogen peroxide. Bimetallic deposits can be obtained in two ways. The first method consists of successive precipitation from a solution containing an ion of one metal, then another on top of the first. The second way is to create a solution in which two metals and one ligand are simultaneously present. Laser deposition is carried out in one stage. In practice, the possibility of the second method is not always realized. Conclusion In the present work, the basic principles of the formation of heterophase bimetallic sensor-sensitive porous material with a highly developed surface under the action of laser radiation have been analyzed, and new reference data have been accumulated on the structure of tartrate complexes containing two metals.

As an international platform for cooperation in the development of digitalization, the Arctic serves as a tool for improving the economic and social situation of its stakeholders - states interested in international cooperation in the region. Relationships between these countries can be helped by building trust, regardless of whether the participants in cooperation in the region are Arctic or non-Arctic. This inclusiveness is the basis for considering the Arctic as an international platform in the era of globalization. The article is aimed at identifying integration processes in the European part of the Arctic region and identifying promising areas of cooperation, namely the field of logistics. The use of a regional approach in combination with political, legal and general scientific methods for studying socio-political processes makes it possible to single out two blocks of countries in the European part of the Arctic region: the countries of Northern Europe (Finland) and the Baltic countries (Latvia and Estonia). Finland, an Arctic state, is characterized by the widespread adoption of advanced digital technologies and a high level of social and economic processes, as well as a high level of logistics services. Latvia and Estonia have also chosen the path of improving digital technologies, which allows their "voice" to be heard on the world stage, despite the status of small countries in the European Union. Common borders, regional interests and challenges faced by countries are considered to be a unifying factor in the study. Other significant aspects that are taken into account include the technological, transport, scientific, commercial, economic, geostrategic and diplomatic capabilities of these countries. The importance of the above factors cannot be ignored, since integration processes can be successfully implemented only with close cooperation, broad involvement of all stakeholders and joint projects, in particular, aimed at the development of digitalization in the Arctic region.

Mass media occupy an important position in the political life of society. Therefore, in carrying out their functions, they are significantly influenced by various state institutions. In various countries, the position of the media is characterized by the fact that they are to some extent dependent on the authorities or have a greater degree of freedom in carrying out their activities. It can be noted that in numerous countries, the media are state-owned, their subordinate position does not allow them to properly cover problems that directly affect the well-being of the national society, namely the problems of corruption, if this information contradicts the interests of certain sociopolitical structures. The connection of the media with the ruling political elites is a factor that determines a negative or positive impact on the processes in the political life of the society. Using a regional approach, methods of analysis, comparison in the states of different regions, a negative dynamic can be traced, namely that in whole regions of the world, low levels of press freedom correlate with high levels of corruption and as a result with low living standards of the population. A direct correlation between the level of corruption and the status of the media can be observed. In regions without freedom of the press, this instrument is not used for the benefit of public interests. Thus, by modernizing the position of this instrument, it is possible to conduct anti-corruption policy much more effectively. The status of the media in the political system as a special social institution and instrument of influence on societies is determined by the degree of their independence from political elites and, therefore, the state faces the task of ensuring true freedom of speech, implemented, among other things, in the fight against corruption at the national level.

The modern labor market requires specialists with practical skills, as a result of which traditional educational approaches that emphasize the deep theoretical knowledge of the graduate give way to innovative teaching methods that allow students to develop practical skills in the field of professional activity. In legal education, various active teaching methods are used, including a legal clinic, case study, quest. Of significant interest is such a game learning model as a simulated trial, which allows us to combine theoretical knowledge with the practical possibilities of their implementation within a certain model of legal proceedings, as well as to form interdisciplinary competencies necessary for a specialist in the field of jurisprudence. The study is aimed at determining the role of game approaches in the formation of practice-oriented competencies of students of law schools and establishing the conditions under which a business game can be effectively implemented in the educational process. The achievement of the research goal is based on general scientific methods, such as analysis and synthesis, as well as methods of questioning, observation, the use of pedagogical experience and legal statistics. As a result, the necessity of using game trials in legal education, based on well-defined criteria for their conduct, was established to form a number of students’ competencies: teamwork skills, professional communication, stress resistance, ability to apply substantive law to specific legal situations.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕКО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОГО ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ СЛОЖНЫХ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМСтешина Л.А., Петухов И

A significant problem of the educational process is to increase the level of practical application of theoretical knowledge, which is in demand within the framework of professional activities. It seems promising to use a practice-oriented interactive method – a legal clinic, which has shown its advantages in comparison with traditional approaches used in the course of educational activities. To study the influence of a legal clinic on the development of an educational program and the formation of a set of specialist’s key competencies, quantitative and qualitative methods were used to assess the effectiveness of the application of this method. The study is based on the materials of the practical activities of the legal clinic created at the Higher School of Law and Forensic Science of the Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. Considering the results of legal clinics application, it should be noted that the use of interactive methods of organizing educational activities contributes to an increase in the level of mastering theoretical skills of specific law branches within the framework of their application to resolve various disputes between civil society actors, and also directly affects the formation of professional competencies of graduates of legal faculties. Based on the objective realities of everyday reality, it can be assumed that the use of a legal clinic in teaching students is an important element of the comprehensive training of professional lawyers, which is extremely necessary in states that are in the stage of profound changes of a social, legal, political and cultural nature.

Currently, universities are actively implementing international educational programs in English. Students of different nationalities come together in groups and study both professional disciplines and foreign languages. In this study, we consider the possibility of using a multilingual approach in the context of the implementation of international educational programs. The study involved 3rd year students enrolled in the international educational program in English “International Business”. A model was proposed for the implementation of a multilingual approach to the study of professional disciplines using the EMI method. The purpose of the article is to assess the effectiveness of the multilingual approach from the point of view of students and teachers, as well as to determine the impact of such a model on the learning outcomes of students in a professional discipline. For our research, we used qualitative and quantitative data: testing in professional disciplines (“International Marketing and International Management” in English) at the end of the course, a survey of students and interviews with teachers about the effectiveness of the proposed learning model. The experiment involved two groups (experimental and control) of students (N = 23 and N = 25). The students of the experimental group showed higher results in the study of a professional discipline. According to the survey results, students noted the multilingual approach as effective and progressive. Teachers noted an increase in students’ interest in the learning process. The experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the multilingual approach in the context of international educational programs in English.

In connection with the situation with COVID-19 almost all universities in the world were transferred to e-learning format, therefore new factors started to influence academic engagement and performance. Psychological security is one of these factors. Many researches have studied the importance of psychological security level among students, some of them proposed the methodology of assessing the indicator. Nevertheless, there are few studies that demonstrate the relationship between psychological security level of students and their academic engagement and performance. The aim of the current study is to close this scientific gap. For the assessment the Trustworthiness Factors survey, Academic Engagement Scale and academic performance results were used. A total of 351 students aged between 19 and 21 (M = 19.57, SD = 0.59), mainly female (57%), were integrated in the sample. Online surveys were conducted to reveal the level of students’ psychological security, their academic engagement and performance in the process of e-learning and analyze the associations between these variables. The female students analyzed showed higher levels of psychological security, and especially in the communication of own ideas in webinar rooms. The same tendency was found in the levels of academic engagement and performance. The findings obtained by using the linear regression analysis technique indicated that psychological security predicted academic performance positively. In contrast to earlier studies, student safety is considered not only as an aspect of personal data security, but more as a psychological one. It was possible to conclude that the influence of psychological security on students’ engagement and academic performance is particularly visible in the online educational environment.

The use of laser methods for synthesizing new materials for non-enzymatic electrochemical microsensors for express analysis of biological fluids is a promising scientific question. Laser-induced chemical liquid phase deposition is the laser deposition of invisible miniature bimetallic deposits from aqueous solutions of salts and complexes of transition metals. Bimetallic complexes containing two transition metal cations in the shell of one ligand are of increased interest. There is an information gap in this area even for ligands such as tartrate. The studies carried out make it possible to obtain new information on the structure of bimetallic tartaric complexes in solutions containing simultaneously copper, nickel, silver, iron, and cobalt.

Dating an inscription on a sheet of paper by analyzing the dye is one of the most important and complex forensic tasks. To date, the task of analyzing the limitation of document details has not been fully resolved. Currently, the main research trend in the field of dating is the use of various chromatography methods. They are based on the study of the evaporation dynamics of volatile ink components. Basically, such methods are used within 2 years of the stroke of the writing composition. In addition to traditional gas chromatography, researchers use all known separation methods to determine the age, including ion chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The review analyzes the most authoritative European studies in this area and discusses the reasons behind the limitations of chromatographic methods. An alternative to chromatographic studies of volatile components are spectral methods for the analysis of dyes. The most interesting works carried out by the methods of mass spectrometry, microspectrophotometry, Raman spectroscopy, diffusion of luminescence in the near-infrared and visible regions, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, etc. are described. Despite a number of successful works in this area, the desired result has also not yet been achieved in terms of the accuracy and reliability of the results. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods are analyzed. Modern researchers are beginning to actively use new methods of mathematical processing of digital signal arrays. Examples of the use of chemometric data processing, including principal component analysis, are presented.

Purpose of the study: This paper aims to evaluate students’ attitude to University and their future profession as well as determine the influence of the University on these indicators. Methodology: For our research, we used qualitative and quantitative data. To collect the data, we conducted two surveys of students in 2017 and 2019 (N1=179; N2=198). Also, we carried out the Pearson correlation analysis. Main Findings: Results on students’ survey showed that their attitude to the University and attitude to future profession improved during their education. According to the students’ answers on open questions, the most influential factors are academic faculty and project activities of the University. The Pearson correlation analysis showed the positive influence of the University on the students’ attitude to the future profession. Applications of this study: This study can be useful for further research on the formation of students’ personality, its components, and correlation between them. By identifying the influence of personality components on its development, it is possible to develop more individual skills to achieve personal, professional success. Novelty/Originality of this study: In our research, we attempted to combine and analyze different criteria of personal perception of University and future carrier, how it was changing during the learning process and how University could influence the students’ attitude to the future profession.

This article discusses the possibility of using summary calculations as a standard for assessing the quality of the city air. Murmansk, like many industrialized Arctic cities, has its own specifics of development, which leads to an increase in the concentration of pollutants in the urban atmosphere, which negatively affects the health of the population and the urban environment quality. There is an air quality management system In Russia, but for many reasons it is imperfect. At the same time, along with it, there is a practice of applying summary calculations to assess air pollution by emissions from road transport and industrial facilities, which allows getting a more detailed picture of the atmospheric air quality. The authors of this article compared the results of assessing of pollutants distribution in the atmosphere of Murmansk city, obtained by using of summary calculations and actual indicators of hazardous components content in the air. The objectivity of summary calculations maps and the possibility of their use for predicting the distribution of air pollution in Murmansk are determined.

The article presents the author’s opinion on the development of Arctic territories in the circumstances of the 4th industrial revolution. The main tools of the new technological structure being introduced in the northern territories are reviewed. The leading role of oil and gas companies in the promotion of technologies and tools of the new industrial paradigm in a number of Arctic regions of the Russian Federation is remarked. The inevitability of changing the Arctic development perception from an ecological catastrophe to the careful and sustainable development of Arctic spaces using the modern achievements of the Technological Revolution 4.0 is indicated.

(1) Background: based on the constantly increasing requirements for modern university graduates, we have developed an educational model that allows us to introduce content and language integrated learning into classes with a multilingual approach, which will allow students to use several foreign languages in the process of professional communication. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the efficiency of a newly introduced integrated learning model from the perspective of students, to identify the impact of such a model on students' professional discipline learning outcomes and to determine if the learning model contributes to an improvement in foreign language proficiency. (2) Methods: for our research we used qualitative and quantitative data from students' records of professional discipline and Spanish testing, as well as surveys and interviews on proposed learning model efficiency. Two groups of students took part in the experiment (N = 23 and N = 24). (3) Results: results on students' Spanish proficiency showed that the proposed learning model had a positive influence. Students from the experimental group got higher results on Listening, Reading and Speaking. According to results on professional discipline, both groups achieved approximately equal scores. Moreover, students described such a proposed learning model as efficient and progressive, giving a lot of advantages. (4) Conclusions: the experiment conducted confirmed the efficiency of the proposed learning model. In conclusion, it can be recommended for the realization of a multilingual approach, as well as the learning of a professional discipline.

The paper describes the results of using Raman spectroscopy to study the canvases of Russian avant-garde artists. The study aimed to identify stable signs of paints for the recognition of counterfeits. The subject of the research was zinc white as a component of paints used by the 20th-century Russian avant-garde. Temporal changes occurring with them are due to chemical reactions of organic paint components with whites and with each other. The study shows that Raman spectroscopy is the most sensitive method for detecting ZnO time markers. Its results are compared with the results of pyrolysis-gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and X-ray analysis of paints from paintings from the Russian avant-garde of the early, middle, and late twentieth century. The study results demonstrate that the paint compositions of the early and late 20th Century have significant similarities. The result of their aging is the appearance of products of thermal desorption and pyrolysis in the form of a homologous series of alcohols and aromatic hydrocarbons formed during the destruction and oxidation of oleic, linoleic, linolenic, palmitic, stearic acids, and/or azelaic acid. These acids are found in flaxseed oil. Zinc white of the early 20th century contains significant additions of gypsum. The composition of the components of midcentury paints is much less diverse. Genuine paintings contain homologous series of fatty acids sorbed on zinc oxide. The paper analyzes historical reasons for this phenomenon. The research shows that one of the stable signs of falsification is the use of titanium white and organic catalysis products based on them. The results of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy are supplemented by X-ray phase and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The paper provides detailed reference data on the spectra of Raman light scattering, thermal desorption, and pyrolysis of paints of the studied canvases and shows the differences in the mass spectra of genuine paintings and falsifications.

This article aims to examine professional public accreditation of educational programs as a means of ensuring that higher education remains relevant to the current socio-economic public needs in the context of shifting requirements of the labour market, digitalization of most areas of life, and new challenges in technical and technological development. The study actualizes new approaches that can be used in assessing the quality of educational programs implemented in the field of environmental management, energy, and environmental protection. A systems approach views professional public accreditation of educational programs as a set of measures. They aim to ensure the compliance of educational programs with the requirements of professional standards and employers’ expectations. An institutional approach enabled to identify the subjective characteristics of the examined phenomenon. We also used methods of problem analysis, comparative analysis, data collection, and statistical processing. The result of the study is the established need to develop professional public accreditation of educational programs in the system of independent assessment of education quality, which would make it possible to estimate the significant characteristics of an educational program and to determine whether its implementation in a specific timespan is necessary. This study can contribute to the development of the specific practices of professional public accreditation of educational programs, including in the field of rational and sustainable use of natural resources, and it can facilitate the development of the legal, theoretical, and organizational foundations of this type of public activity.