C. spectabilis (Crotalaria spectabilis), a large leguminous herb species, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, and it has important ecological and economic values. However, the ecological adaptation of the major leaf functional traits of the species across different habitats and canopy positions remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we sampled leaves from the upper, middle, and lower canopy positions in two common habitats—forest understory and exposed land—and quantified key leaf traits as well as trait–trait relationships to assess differences. The results showed that irradiance and air temperature were significantly lower in the understory than in exposed land, whereas soil moisture and relative humidity were higher, indicating that habitat exerted a stronger influence on leaf traits than canopy position. Canopy position also significantly affected most traits and showed significant interactions with habitat. In exposed land, middle plants exhibited higher individual leaf dry mass (180.049 ± 68.480 mg), larger vein diameter (1.692 ± 0.288 mm), and longer petioles (5.406 ± 0.940 mm). These traits were accompanied by a higher morphology-based leaf dry matter accumulation rate and greater stability of the leaf-trait network, reflecting an adaptive strategy characterized by increased structural investment. In contrast, understory middle leaves were generally longer (13.361 ± 2.714 cm) and wider (7.005 ± 1.464 cm), along with lower photosynthate accumulation rates and weaker trait-network stability, indicating a strategy that enhances light-use efficiency under low-light conditions. In both habitats, leaves from the middle canopy position generally exhibited the highest values for most measured traits. Overall, leaf traits of C. spectabilis and their interrelationships showed considerable plasticity in response to external environmental pressures, primarily differences in light availability. However, from a practical production perspective, minimizing shading is recommended to maximize its ecological benefits.

Objective: This study examined the effects of APOE gene polymorphisms on body composition changes following high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in non-athletic Han Chinese university students from plain regions and identified genetic loci associated with HIIT sensitivity. Methods: A total of 236 Han Chinese undergraduates from non-physical education majors completed a 12-week HIIT program (three sessions/week). Body composition was assessed before and after the intervention. Genomic DNA from white blood cells was genotyped using Illumina chips. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) quality control and association analyses with body composition indices were performed using PLINK (v1.09) and SPSS 25.0, applying linear regression and ANOVA with least significant difference (LSD) post hoc tests (p < 0.05). Results: (1) Of 22 initial APOE SNPs, five passed quality control; the rs405509 locus was associated with HIIT-induced changes in body composition. (2) The GG genotype at rs405509 was associated with higher baseline BMI overall and with higher baseline weight, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio in females than the TT genotype. (3) After training, GG carriers showed greater reductions in overall body fat than GT/TT carriers (p < 0.05), and female GG carriers exhibited greater improvements in weight, body fat, and BMI. (4) In the Bonferroni post hoc analysis, compared with the TT group, the GG group showed significantly lower body weight (MD = -1.95, 95% CI: -3.374 to -0.533, p = 0.003), weight percentage (MD = -3.44, 95% CI: -6.070 to -0.819, p = 0.006), and BMI (MD = -0.70, 95% CI: -1.264 to -0.139, p = 0.009), while the difference in skeletal muscle percentage was not significant (p = 0.107). Compared with the GT group, the GG group also had significantly lower body weight, weight percentage, skeletal muscle percentage, and BMI (p = 0.02-0.03). No significant differences were observed between the GT and TT groups (all p > 0.05, with 95% CIs crossing zero). (5) The rs405509 locus was significantly associated with HIIT sensitivity for body fat (p = 0.01873). Conclusion: The rs405509 locus of the APOE gene is associated with body composition responses to HIIT, and female GG carriers show heightened responsiveness.

ObjectiveTo explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 1 (KCNC1) gene and the improvement of aerobic capacity after high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and to screen potential genetic markers sensitive to HIIT.MethodsA total of 249 Han college students (115 males and 134 females, aged 21.00 ± 0.07 years) were recruited and underwent 12 weeks of HIIT intervention, three times a week. Aerobic capacity indicators were measured before and after the intervention. Genotyping was performed using the Infinium CGA gene chip, and five KCNC1 gene SNPs were obtained after quality control with PLINK software. Linear regression models were used to analyze the association between SNPs and the training change values (Δ) of each indicator, with gender, age, height and baseline values as covariates.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of HIIT, VO2max/kg, VCO2, and VE significantly increased (P < 0.01). Submaximal heart rate during running economy (RE) assessment decreased significantly (P < 0.01), whereas maximal heart rate did not change significantly (P = 0.124). Association analysis revealed that three SNPs were significantly associated with training sensitivity: rs12574348 was suggestively associated with the Δ values of VO2max/kg (β = -0.9319, P = 0.048) and submaximal HR (RE, β = 3.069, P = 0.020), with CC-type subjects showing the greatest increase in VO2max/kg and the greatest decrease in submaximal HR (RE); rs757511 was suggestively significantly associated with the Δ values of VCO2 (β = 0.1076, P = 0.014) and maximal HR (β = 1.827, P = 0.048), with AA-type subjects showing the greatest increase in VCO2 and GG-type subjects showing the greatest decrease in HR_max; rs61882396 was suggestively significantly associated with the Δ value of VO2/kg (RE, β = -0.7673, P = 0.020), with AA-type subjects showing the greatest decrease in VO2/kg (RE). None of the above SNPs were significantly associated with baseline indicators (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe polymorphisms of KCNC1 gene rs12574348, rs757511, and rs61882396 are suggestively significantly associated with the improvement of aerobic capacity indicators after HIIT, and the effects are independent of baseline levels, suggesting potential involvement of KCNC1 in training-related neuromuscular adaptations, although the exact mechanisms remain to be established, thereby influencing individual sensitivity to HIIT. This gene may serve as a potential genetic marker for predicting the training effect of HIIT.

Litter nutrient stoichiometry and its drivers are important for understanding nutrient cycling in desert ecosystems, plant adaptation strategies, and the sustainability of ecosystem functions. However, little is known about the spatial variation in litter nutrient stoichiometry and its environmental drivers in desert shrubs. This study focused on two Nitraria species (N. tangutorum Bobrov and N. sphaerocarpa Maxim) in Northwestern China, analyzing leaf litter N, P, and K stoichiometry, their spatial variation, and environmental drivers. Nutrient concentrations and stoichiometric ratios did not differ significantly between the two species. The average N contents in the litters of N. tangutorum and N. sphaerocarpa were 11.363 mg g−1 and 11.295 mg g−1, respectively. The P contents were 0.591 mg g−1 and 0.611 mg g−1, whereas the K contents were 17.482 mg g−1 and 16.255 mg g−1, respectively. With the changes in geographic and climatic factors, the same nutrient elements of the two Nitraria species showed inconsistent variation patterns. Both species showed low P concentration, indicating high P resorption and possible P limitation, reflecting nutrient vulnerability in desert ecosystems according to the scaling exponents among elements. In litter, the residual nutrient contents ranked as K > P > N, suggesting strong N resorption but low K resorption, especially for N. sphaerocarpa. N was mainly influenced by latitude, P by soil properties, and K by mean annual temperature. Moreover, litter stoichiometric ratios of N. tangutorum were relatively stable, whereas those of N. sphaerocarpa were more sensitive to environmental variables. In conclusion, the two Nitraria shrubs exhibited differential nutrient use strategies under nutrient restriction, providing insights into nutrient cycling and supporting sustainable management of desert ecosystems.

Objective The potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 1 (KCNC1) gene plays a crucial role in both neural excitability and lipid metabolism. However, the impact of its genetic polymorphisms on individual blood lipid levels and the efficacy of exercise interventions remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between KCNC1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and baseline blood lipid levels in young Han Chinese individuals, as well as the relationship between lipid profiles and sensitivity to high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This research provides theoretical support for developing personalised exercise prescriptions based on genetic background to improve lipid health. Methods This study recruited 245 healthy Han Chinese university students (114 males, 131 females) without regular exercise habits. Participants underwent a standardised 12-week HIIT intervention programme, conducted three times weekly. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured before and after the intervention. Genotyping of the KCNC1 gene SNP was performed using the Infinium CGA chip. PLINK software was employed to construct linear regression models (with age, sex, BMI, and baseline lipid levels as covariates) to analyse the association between genetic polymorphisms and changes (Δ) in lipid parameters. Results Following 12 weeks of HIIT, all participants demonstrated significant improvements in TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG levels ( P <0.01). Association analysis revealed: 1) At baseline, the rs757511 locus was significantly correlated with HDL-C levels in males ( β = −0.112, P = 0.0445), with individuals carrying the A allele exhibiting higher baseline HDL-C; 2) Regarding HIIT responsiveness, three loci exhibited significant sex-specific associations: the C allele at rs6083540 was significantly associated with improved TG levels in females ( β = 0.1564, P = 0.025); the A allele at rs61882396 was significantly associated with improved TG levels in females ( β = −0.129, P = 0.032); the C allele at rs12574348 was significantly associated with improved LDL-C levels in males ( β = 0.1608, P = 0.048). Conclusion This study first demonstrates an association between KCNC1 gene polymorphisms (rs6083540, rs12574348, rs61882396) and lipid sensitivity to HIIT in young Han Chinese populations, with this association exhibiting significant sex specificity. The findings suggest that the KCNC1 gene may serve as a key genetic mediator in exercise-regulated lipid metabolism. Future development of tailored HIIT programmes should account for individual genotypic and gender variations. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

Background:One of the recognized effects of systematic physical activity is the improvement of physical fitness, with a negative correlation found between physical fitness and cardiovascular and cardiometabolic risk. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the adenylate cyclase 3 (ADCY3) gene on the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on blood lipids, and simultaneously screen out the genetic markers sensitive to HIIT in Chinese Han youth. Methods:In the 12-week HIIT program, a total of 237 Chinese Han college students with non-regular exercise habits were recruited, and these volunteers participated in the training three times a week. Baseline and after the HIIT program, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured, respectively. DNA was extracted from the white blood cells of volunteers and genotyping was carried out. The PLINK v1.09 software was used to conduct quality control screening on the obtained SNPs, and a linear regression model was constructed to analyze the association between ADCY3 gene SNPs and the effect of HIIT on blood lipids. ANOVA multiple comparison (LSD) was performed to test the difference between groups (P < 0.05). Results:(1) Through the analysis of Illumina CGA chip scanning, a total of 22 SNPs of the ADCY3 gene were identified. Following rigorous quality control screening, 15 SNPs were included in the subsequent analysis. Notably, it was found that the rs2241759 locus is associated with the effect of HIIT on blood lipid profiles. (2) Among male volunteers, significant differences in the baseline HDL-C values were observed among the three genotypes at the rs2241759 locus of the ADCY3 gene (β =  - 0.019, P = 0.040). The baseline value for the GG genotype was higher than that AA/AG genotypes. (3) After HIIT, the total levels of TC and HDL-C in volunteers increased significantly (P < 0.05). In contrast, the total levels of TG and LDL-C decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Further statistical analysis categorized by gender revealed that, with the exception of TC values in men, significant changes were observed for TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C across both genders (P < 0.05). (4) Compared to male volunteers with the GG genotype, male volunteers carrying the A allele exhibited a more pronounced change in TC values following training (β = 0.044, P = 0.038). (5) The rs2241759 locus demonstrated a significant association with the effect of HIIT on LDL-C (β =  - 0.065, P = 0.04363). Conclusion:(1) The implementation of a 12-week HIIT regimen can significantly enhance the blood lipid status of college students. (2) The locus rs2241759 of the ADCY3 gene is significantly associated with the sensitivity of LDL-C to HIIT.

This study aimed to analyze the impact of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ADCY3 (encoding adenylate cyclase 3) on the outcome of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition and screen genetic markers sensitive to HIIT in Chinese Han youth. A total of 237 non-regular exercise Han college students were recruited in a 12-week HIIT program, attending sessions 3 times a week. Before and after the HIIT program, their body composition was measured. DNA from the white blood cells was extracted and genotyped. PLINK (V1.09) software was used for quality control screening of SNPs loci, and a linear regression model was constructed to analyze the association between ADCY3 gene SNPs loci and body composition. ANOVA multiple comparisons (LSD) were performed to test the difference between groups, with the significance level set at 0.05. The results showed that: 1) A total of 22 SNPs loci were identified by the gene microarray scanning of ADCY3 gene, with 15 of them meeting the quality control criteria. The rs6753096 locus was associated with the training effect of HIIT on body composition; 2) The rs6753096 locus was not associated with pre-HIIT body composition; 3) Compared with volunteers with TT genotype, those with CT/CC genotype exhibited significant decrease in body mass index (BMI) and total body fat after training (P < 0.05); Male volunteers carrying the C allele had more significant training changes in skeletal muscle and lean body weight, while HIIT was more effective in decreasing body fat in female volunteers with CT/CC genotype; 4) The rs6753096 locus was significantly correlated with body fat sensitivity to HIIT (P = 0.0475), indicating that volunteers with CT/CC genotype were more sensitive to HIIT. In conclusion, 12-week HIIT program effectively improved the body composition of college students. The ADCY3 gene rs6753096 locus is not associated with pre-HIIT body composition, but it is associated with body composition sensitivity to HIIT, with individuals carrying CT/CC genotype showing greater responsiveness to HIIT.

The rhizosphere bacterial community of plants has a crucial effect on healthy plant growth, and each rhizosphere has a specific microbial community. Camellia sinensis cv. Shifocui (C. sinensis cv. Shifocui) is a tea plant distributed in the Dabie Mountains of Anhui Province. It has the characteristics of high yield, good quality, strong cold resistance, and a high amino acid content. This study was the first to use 16S rRNA high—throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics methods to explore the characteristics and functions of the rhizosphere bacterial community of the cold-tolerant tea tree C. sinensis cv. Shifocui, providing an important basis for the development and utilization of rhizosphere microbial resources. The dominant phylum in the rhizosphere microbes of the C. sinensis cv. Shifocui rhizosphere microorganisms were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteria. Network analysis showed significant positive and negative correlations among the rhizosphere bacterial groups of C. sinensis cv. Shifocui, among which Candidatus _ Xiphinematobacter, Acidobacteriale, Bradyrhizobium, Subgroup _ 2, Candidatus_Udaeobacter, Gemmataceae, and Gaiellales were notable nodes in the interaction networks. Functional prediction of FAPROTAX indicated that C. sinensis cv. Shifocui was rich in chemoheterotrophic, cellulose hydrolysis, and oxidative heterotrophic conditions, indicating that the dominant bacterial flora was enriched in its rhizosphere microbes and played an important role in plant growth and development. These results lay a foundation for exploring the mechanism of interaction between C. sinensis cv. Shifocui and rhizosphere microorganisms and provide a research basis for the development and utilization of tea plant microbial resources.

Cellulose enzymatic saccharification is a key link in converting lignocellulose to fuel ethanol via a sugar platform. In this paper, the maximum information coefficient (MIC) algorithm is proposed to detect linear correlations and nonlinear correlations between bioinformatics variables from the application of bioinformatics. Meanwhile, to address the problems of excessive grid division and low statistical efficacy of MIC algorithm, BackMIC, an optimization algorithm using quiz control number of segments, is proposed to terminate the network search using the chi-square test. Then, cellulase hydrolysis and adsorption experiments were designed and performed, and the experimental data were analyzed based on the BackMIC algorithm. The optimum activity temperature of different cellulases was around 50°C, while the hydrolysis rate of cellulases of different treated raw materials increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature, and basically, the maximum was achieved in the temperature range of 50~55°C. In the pH test, the optimum temperature of cellulase hydrolysis was concentrated at 4.4~4.5. In the cellulase adsorption experiments, the enzymatic activity of steam-popped wheatgrass was adsorbed in the following order: FPA> C1> CMCase> β-Case. The study of cellulase hydrolysis based on bioinformatics reveals the synergistic relationship between cellulase hydrolysis and adsorbed properties, which provides a theoretical basis for reducing the ineffective adsorption of cellulose and the development of enzymatic strengthening technology. The theoretical basis for reducing the ineffective adsorption of cellulose and the development of enzymatic enhancement technology can help reduce the cost of lignocellulose enzymatic digestion.

ABSTRACTSesame plays a vital role in food industry due to its high oil yield, antioxidant potential, and substantial protein content. Notably, there are significant differences in amino acid composition in sesame seeds at various developmental stages. However, the molecular basis and regulatory mechanism underlying amino acid production largely remain unexplored. To unravel these mechanisms, we analyzed the metabolome and transcriptome profiles of a sesame variety across four distinct growth stages (S1–S4). Our analysis identified a total of 17 amino acids, with glutamic acid (Glu), arginine (Arg), proline (Pro), and tyrosine (Tyr) exhibiting significantly higher abundances in mature stages. This increased abundance correlated with the elevated expression of genes involved in amino acid synthesis and regulatory genes. Using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis, we discovered modules associated with glutathione metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, proline, and tyrosine synthesis, along with candidate genes that regulate amino acid production and metabolism. Notably, the differential expression of genes within the amino acid pathways resulted in significant variations in the contents of Glu, Arg, Pro, and Tyr at the mature stage (28 days after flowering, S4) compared to other growth stages. Correlation analysis revealed strong association among the enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate/aspartate–prephenate aminotransferase (PAT), and polyamine oxidase (PAO) with the 17 amino acids, suggesting their potential role in the amino acid synthesis. Our findings provide novel insights into the synthesis and accumulation of amino acids during the growth stages of sesame seeds, highlighting key regulatory genes and metabolic pathways involved in this process. Our study lays the groundwork for future studies aiming to enhance the nutritional quality and yield of sesame varieties.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a common metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and microstructural deterioration of bone. Changes in the composition and structure of gut microbiota (GM) are related to changes of bone mass and bone microstructure. However, the relationship between GM and bone mineral density (BMD) is complex, and data are especially scarce for Chinese Han youth. Therefore, 62 Chinese Han youth participants were recruited. Furthermore, according to the T-score evaluation criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO), we divided the BMD levels of participants into three groups: osteoporosis\BDL, osteopenia\BDM, normal bone density\BDH, and the associations between GM community and BMD groups were conducted. According to alpha and beta diversity analysis, significant differences were found in the microbial richness and composition between groups. The dominant phyla of GM in a cohort of Chinese Han youth were Bacteroidota (50.6%) and Firmicutes (41.6%). Anaerobic microorganisms, such as g_Faecalibacterium and g_Megamonas, account for the largest proportion in the gut, which were mainly Firmicutes phylum. The dominant genera and species in the three BMD groups were g_Prevotella, g_Bacteroides, g_Faecalibacterium, g_Megamonas, s_Prevotella copri, s_unclassified_g_Faecalibacterium, s_unclassified_g_Prevotella, s_unclassified_g_Bacteroides and s_Bacteroides plebeius. g_Faecalibacterium, g_Bacteroides and g_Ruminococcus differed between the BDH and BDL groups as well as between the BDH and BDM groups. LEfSe showed three genus communities and eight species communities were enriched in the three BMD groups, respectively. The associations between microbial relative abundance and T-score was not statistically significant by Spearman and regression analysis. In conclusion, the alpha diversity indexes in the BDH group were higher than in the BDL group, and several taxa were identified that may be the targets for diagnosis and therapy of OP.

ObjectiveIn the domain of competitive events, Latin dance athletes have always suffered competitive anxiety, which is a prevalent and prevailing psychological facet, in pre-, intra-, and post-competitive engagements. Usually, the implementation of systematic desensitization training is an efficacious approach to reduce competitive anxiety levels in routine sports to fortify psychological resilience of athletes (like swimming, volleyball, and basketball). This study focuses on the effect of systematic desensitization training on competition anxiety in the training of Latin dancers to establish good mental ability and promote the competitive ability of athletes.MethodologyThe “Sports Competition Anxiety Test Questionnaire” was used to evaluate and classify the competitive anxiety levels of 150 Latin dance athletes. Then, the top 48 participants were selected (24 in the intervention cohort and 24 in the non-intervention cohort) as the study participants after stratifying anxiety score levels from the highest to the lowest. The intervention group was treated with an 8-week psychological intervention by employing systematic desensitization training techniques (encompassing imagery desensitization and in vivo desensitization). The anxiety levels of the subjects were quantified by employing the “Sport Competition Trait Anxiety Inventory” (CCTAI-C) and the “Competitive State Anxiety Inventory” (CSAI-2) to scrutinize the efficacy of systematic desensitization training in regulating competitive anxiety levels among Latin dance athletes.ResultsAfter applying systematic desensitization training, the intervention group displayed a notable reduction in sport cognitive trait anxiety. Specifically, there was a decrease of 29.37% in social evaluation anxiety, 20.31% in competition preparation anxiety, 16.98% in performance anxiety, 25.16% in failure anxiety, 34.47% in opponent’s ability anxiety, and 25.16% in injury anxiety. Moreover, for competitive state anxiety, cognitive state anxiety and somatic state anxiety decreased by 39.19 and 21.43%. The state self-confidence increased by 14.42%.ConclusionThe result indicated that systematic desensitization training not only mitigates anxiety but also positively intervenes in sports-related anxiety. Moreover, systematic desensitization training can significantly diminish competitive anxiety among Latin dance athletes to bolster confidence during competitions. Integrating desensitization training into the regular regimen of Latin dance practice has the potential to fortify dancers’ psychological resilience against anxiety.

The development and utilization of probiotics have many environmental benefits when they are used to replace antibiotics in animal production. In this study, intestinal lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the intestines of Cherry Valley ducks. Probiotic lactic acid bacterial strains were screened for antibacterial activity and tolerance to produce a Lactobacillus spp. mixture. The effects of the compound on the growth performance and intestinal flora of Cherry Valley ducks were studied. Based on the results of the antibacterial activity and tolerance tests, the highly active strains Lactobacillus casei 1.2435, L. salivarius L621, and L. salivarius L4 from the intestines of Cherry Valley ducks were selected. The optimum ratio of L. casei 1.2435, L. salivarius L621, and L. salivarius L4 was 1:1:2, the amount of inoculum used was 1

目的:探讨胰岛素受体(INSR)基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与血脂及高强度间歇训练效果的关联.方法:招募244名在校非体育专业汉族大学生志愿者(男=114,女=130)进行每周3次、每次28分钟、为期12周的有氧高强度间歇训练(HIIT).干预前、后测量血脂指标.取受试者静脉血,提取DNA并进行芯片基因测序.使用PLINK软件将SNP位点与血脂值、高强度间歇训练干预效果进行关联分析,显著性水平定为0.05.结果:(1)基因芯片扫描INSR基因共测得SNP位点116个,经过PLINK软件质控筛选,有63个SNPs符合标准.使用线性回归模型并去除连锁平衡位点,得到13个SNPs与血脂的训练效果有关.(2)得到的13个SNPs与训练前血脂均无显著关联.(3)13个SNPs与血脂的训练敏感性关联,其中INSR rs10414819、rs61649769、rs11668751位点与甘油三酯训练敏感性显著相关(P<0.05),rs10414819 GG型、rs61649769 CC型和rs11668751 GG型对HIIT更敏感;rs10405423、rs1975031、rs4804416与低密度脂蛋白训练敏感性显著相关(P<0.05),rs10405423 AA型、rs1975031 GG型和rs4804416 GG/GT型对HIIT更敏感;rs2860183、rs4804366、rs2115386、rs10414819、rs61515378与高密度脂蛋白训练敏感性显著关联(P<0.05),rs2860183 TT型、rs4804366 CC/CT型、rs2115386 CC型、rs10414819 GG型、rs61515378 CC型对HIIT更敏感;rs10405423、rs1975031、rs2115386、rs8110377、rs1896639、rs61515378、rs4804416、rs8110533与总胆固醇训练敏感性显著相关(P<0.05),rs10405423 AA型、rs1975031 GG型、rs2115386 TT型、rs8110377 CC型、rs1896639 TT型、rs61515378 AA/AC型、rs4804416 GG型、rs8110533 GG/GT型对HIIT更敏感.结论:INSR基因SNPs与汉族青年正常血脂无显著关联,但与血脂对高强度间歇训练敏感性相关.

Abstract The rhizosphere microbial community of plants has a crucial effect on healthy plant growth, and each rhizosphere has a specific microbial community. C. sinensis cv. Shifocui is a tea plant distributed in the Dabie Mountains of Anhui Province. It has the characteristics of high yield, good quality, strong cold resistance, and a high amino acid content. This study was the first to use 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics methods to explore the characteristics and functions of the rhizosphere bacterial community of the cold-tolerant tea tree C. sinensis cv. Shifocui, providing an important basis for the development and utilization of rhizosphere microbial resources. The dominant phylum in the rhizosphere microbes of the C.sinensiscv. Shifocui rhizosphere microorganisms were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteria. Network analysis showed significant positive and negative correlations among the rhizosphere bacterial groups of C.sinensiscv. Shifocui, among which Candidatus_Xiphinematobacter, Acidobacteriale, Bradyrhizobium, Subgroup_2, Candidatus_Udaeobacter, Gemmataceae, and Gaiellales were notable nodes in the interaction networks. Functional prediction of FAPROTAX indicated that C. sinensis cv. Shifocui was rich in chemoheterotrophic, cellulose hydrolysis, and oxidative heterotrophic conditions, indicating that the dominant bacterial flora was enriched in its rhizosphere microbes and played an important role in plant growth and development.These results lay a foundation for exploring the mechanism of interaction between C.sinensiscv. Shifocui and rhizosphere microorganisms and provide a research basis for the development and utilization of tea plant microbial resources.

Pethia padamya (Kullander and Britz, 2008) is a freshwater fish distributed in the Mekong River basin of Thailand. It has beautiful colors and can be used as an ornamental fish. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. padamya was determined using next-generation sequencing technology and its characteristics were analyzed. The mitochondrial genome is a closed circular molecule comprising 16,792 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a major non-coding region. The overall base composition of the mitochondrial genome is 32.47% A, 25.39% C, 26.08% T, and 16.06% G, with a high A + T bias of 58.55%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed P. padamya as a sister group of Pethia conchonius+(Pethia ticto+Pethia cumingii) and Pethia gelius with maximal support, providing support for the monophyly of the genus Pethia based on concatenated nucleotide sequences. The results of this study proved the monophyly of the genus Pethia. These data for the first time provide information on the complete mitochondrial genome of P. padamya and can contribute to further studies on the biodiversity and management of P. padamya.

The intestinal microbiota of migratory birds participate in the life activities of the host and are affected by external environmental factors. The difference in habitat environment provides diversity in external environmental selection pressure for the same overwintering waterfowl, which may be reflected in their intestinal microbiota. Caizi lake and Shengjin Lake in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Floodplain are the main habitats for migratory waterfowl in winter, especially the Anser fabalis (A. fabalis). It is important to explore the changes in intestinal microbiota composition and function of A. fabalis in the early overwintering period to clarify the effect of habitat size and protection status on intestinal microbiota. In this study, the composition and structural characteristics of the intestinal microbiota of A. fabalis in Shengjin Lake (SL) and Caizi Lake (CL) were preliminarily explored in order to obtain data for the migratory birds. In both SL and CL groups, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis showed that Firmicutes was the dominant bacterial phylum, but the relative abundance showed significant differences. Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus in both SL and CL groups. At the species level, the abundance of L. aviaries was the highest, with a relative abundance in both SL and CL groups of more than 34%. When comparing the average relative abundance of the 15 most abundant genera, it was found that Subdoligranulum, Exiguobacterium, and Terrisporobacter had higher abundances in the intestinal microbiota of CL A. fabalis, while Streptococcus and Rothia had higher abundances in the intestinal microbiota of SL A. fabalis. There was only a positive correlation between Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria in the intestinal microbiota flora of SL A. fabalis, and the species were closely related. At the same time, there were positive and negative correlations between Firmicutes and Actinomycetes. However, CL is mainly associated with a positive correlation between Firmicutes and Actinomycetes, and there are also a small number of connections between Firmicutes. PICRUSt1 prediction analysis revealed that the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) functions of SL and CL involve energy production and transformation, amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and transcription. Understanding the changes in intestinal microbiota in Aves during the overwintering period is of great importance to explore the adaptation mechanism of migratory Aves to the overwintering environment. This work provides basic data for an A. fabalis intestinal microbiota study.

目的:安静心率、运动中心率的增加以及运动后心率恢复是全因死亡率的预测因子,是运动健身中最常用的监控指标.本研究旨在分析高强度间歇运动(high intensity interval training,HIIT)改善定量负荷运动心率个体差异的表型和遗传因素,构建运动心率改善效果预测模型,为个体化运动健身方案的制定提供依据.方法:240名身体活动不足健康成年人完成12周HIIT,提取血液白细胞DNA进行全基因组解析,通过包括520多万个单核苷酸多态性位点(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)的全基因组关联分析(genome wide association study,GWAS)筛选影响运动心率改善效果的遗传标记,构建运动心率改善效果分子标记预测模型;计算权重后的多基因预测评分(polygenic predictor score,PPS),联合表型和遗传指标通过线性逐步回归构建运动心率改善效果预测模型.结果:(1)12周HIIT后,定量负荷运动心率显著下降(P<0.05),但效果存在个体差异,27%的受试者未有效降低运动心率(ΔHR≥0);(2)表型指标中初始运动心率、性别和年龄是HIIT改善运动心率效果的预测因子,可解释24.5%的效果差异;(3)基于GWAS筛选出12个效果相关SNPs(P<1×10-5),去除冗余,由其中10个SNPs构建的分子标记预测模型可解释训练效果差异的37.7%,单个SNP的解释度在1.2%～8.1%;PPS高于11.45分时,HIIT对运动心率降低完全无效(ΔHR≥0),当PPS低于-7.728分时,HIIT改善运动心率效果最好(ES

师范生教学技能培养是高等教育落实"立德树人"根本任务的重要组成部分,是造就党和人民满意的高素质、专业化、创新性教师队伍的重要举措.本文以安庆师范大学生命科学学院为例,创新性地提出了"一核三翼九措"的教学基本功培训模式,从教师队伍、教学基本功培训、名师讲坛、教学技能竞赛等方面,系统总结了生物学师范生教学技能培养的成功经验,以期为地方师范院校培养高质量的应用型师范人才发挥示范引领和推动作用.

教师在教育教学的过程中,适时渗透新时代生态文明理念,有助于学生树立保护环境的社会责任意识.微视频应用于课堂教学,化抽象知识为具体,有利于开阔学生视野,激发其学习兴趣,提高教学效率.本文以"生态系统的物质循环"为例,将微视频应用于具体的教学环节中,旨在帮助学生树立人与自然和谐共生的理念.