The immune inflammatory reaction is involved in the formation of structural damage in organs with low immune resistance, but the causal stages of the formation of this reaction are poorly understood. Clinicians are faced with the fact that in patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis of alcoholic etiology, a reactive inflammatory reaction is observed in the mucous membrane (MM) of the stomach and / or duodenum. This effect was the reason that experimental studies were carried out on 45 white Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g. and duodenum (DOD). For this, a classical immunization scheme was used. Rats were taken out of the experiment on days 5, 10, and 17; after autopsy, morphological studies of the pancreas, gastric mucosa, and SOD were performed. Undoubtedly, the emerging immune response of the macroorganism to damage contributes to the development of an autoimmune reaction, in response to destruction and an inflammatory reaction, as a result, structural and functional damage to its own tissues occurs. The involvement of several organs in the inflammatory reaction depends on the local immune tolerance of the organ to endoantigens. A decrease in tolerance leads to a combined pathology, the impetus for which is damage to the “primary” organ, which is not always possible to identify. At the same time, antibodies to endoantigens are formed from damaged cellular structures.

Aim. To assess the influence of the pathogenetic action of the succinate-containing drug on corticosteroid regulation in the kidney of rats with different resistance to hypoxia during recovery after systemic circulation arrest. Methods. The object of the study was male non-inbred white rats weighing 200220 g. A week after testing for resistance to hypoxia, a 5-minute systemic circulation arrest was simulated by intrathoracic clamping of the vascular bundle of the heart, followed by resuscitation. In the postresuscitation period, the experimental rats were once daily injected with a solution containing inosine + nicotinamide + riboflavin + succinic acid, and the control rats 0.9% Sodium Chloride solution. The observation period was 35 days. We studied the content of corticosterone, aldosterone in blood plasma, gluco- and mineralocorticoid receptors, carbonylated proteins, dityrosine, and products that react with thiobarbituric acid in homogenates of the kidneys. Statistical data were presented as mean and standard deviation M. Nonparametric KruskalWallis (N) and MannWhitney (U) tests followed by Dunn test, Spearman correlation analysis were used. Differences were considered statistically significant at p 0.05. Results. The use of succinate-containing preparation reduced the intensity of free radical processes in both groups of animals. Against this background, in low-resistance rats, on the 1st day, the concentration of glucocorticoid receptors statistically significantly increased to 117% (p 0.05), and then was comparable to the control; the greatest statistically significant changes in the level of mineralocorticoid receptors occurred on the 1st day (increase by 25%, p 0.001) and at 2135th days (decrease by 2230%, p 0.001). In highly resistant rats, the correction led to a shift in the maximum content of glucocorticoid receptors from the last day (134% of the control level, p 0.01 without therapy) to the 1st (123%, p 0.05 with succinate-containing therapy) and maintaining the receptors level comparable to the initial, in the future. The level of mineralocorticoid receptors in highly resistant rats was lower than in low resistant rats, both in the group without correction and with correction. Conclusion. Correction of the course of the postresuscitation period with a succinate-containing drug in animals with a low resistance to hypoxia against the background of a decrease in the intensity of carbonyl stress and restoration of feedback mechanisms causes stabilization of glucocorticoid receptors level and a decrease in mineralocorticoid receptors to control values by the end of the experiment; in organisms highly resistant to hypoxia, against the background of correction, the activity of lipid peroxidation decreases and the level of both types of receptors are restored.

Цель работы - изучить возможности патогенетической коррекции синбиотиком метаболических нарушений, вызванных чрезмерным потреблением жиров и оценить уровень лептина, грелина и их рецепторов. Методика. В работе использовалось второе поколение лабораторных крыс линии Вистар препубертатного возраста, находившихся на диете с избыточным содержанием жиров (51% от общего рациона). В возрасте 5 нед. в рацион экспериментальной подгруппы включали синбиотик, по достижению 7-недельного возраста животных выводили из эксперимента декапитацией с последующим забором материала для бактериологических, биохимических и иммуноферментных исследований. Результаты. Показано, что избыточное потребление жиров способствует росту условно-патогенной микробиоты, снижению содержания лакто- и бифидобактерий в толстом кишечнике и развитию дислипидемии. Наблюдается статистически значимое повышение уровня лептина в сыворотке крови на 49,9 %. В жировой ткани отмечено увеличение количества рецепторов к лептину ( в два раза) и грелину (на 28,2%). После коррекции синбиотиком положительная динамика отмечалась со стороны микробиоты, липидного профиля, снижался уровень лептина в сыворотке крови и рецепторов к грелину в жировой ткани. Заключение: синбиотик способствует нормализации микробиоты желудочно-кишечного тракта, липидного профиля и уровня пептидных гормонов, ответственных за чувство голода и насыщения. The aim of the study was to evaluate a possibility of using synbiotics for pathogenetic correction of metabolic disorders induced by excessive consumption of fat and to measure levels of leptin, ghrelin, and their receptors. Methods. Experiments were conducted on the second generation of prepubertal Wistar rats consuming a diet with excessive fat (51% of diet). A synbiotic was included into the diet of a rat group aged 5 weeks. At age of 7 weeks, animals of the experimental and control groups were decapitated and samples were taken for bacteriological, biochemical, and enzyme immunoassay studies. Results. Excessive fat consumption resulted in growth of conditionally pathogenic microbiota, decreased levels of lacto- and bifidobacteria in the large intestine and feces, and development of dyslipidemia. Also, serum level of leptin was increased by 49.9%, ghrelin receptor density in adipose tissue was increased by 28.2%, and leptin receptors density in adipose tissue was increased twofold. The synbiotic treatment resulted in beneficial changes of the microbiota and lipid profile; serum level of leptin and ghrelin receptors density in adipose tissue decreased. Conclusion: The synbiotic drug normalized the gastrointestinal microbiota, lipid profile, and peptide hormones responsible for feelings of hunger and satiety.

Introduction. There are a lot of pathogenic factors involved in development of polyetiologic diseases. Acetylcholine (AC) is known as first-order mediator as it plays an important role in development and maintenance of pathological processes. In this article we provide data on AC concentration in blood serum of patients with duodenal ulcer, alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and control group as well as activity of cholinesterase. The aim of this study was to identify a role played by AC in pathological process during disease, which may complicate a course of the disease as a bad prognostic factor. Results and discussion. We divided AC concentration into three types in the control group: low — 0.46–1.0 mmol/l (60% of individuals), moderate — 1.02–1.5 mmol/l (30%) , and high — more than 1.5 mmol/l (10%). Conclusion. We suppose that cholinesterase activity and AC concentration depend on localization of pathological process.

The mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract is an extensive information and communication system that quickly reacts to both external and internal factors of the body, ensuring the maintenance of homeostasis of tissue and blood. The aim of the study was to determine the factors that ensure the appearance of an autoimmune component in damage to the pancreas in rats. Material: manipulations were performed on white Wistar rats weighing 190,0-230,0.Immunization of animals was carried out according to the standard scheme. There were 4 intraperitoneal injections of 2 ml of pancreatic tissue homogenate. Total antibodies (at) to parietal cells (PC) (Parietal Cell antibodies, IgG, IgA, IgM) were determined in plasma by enzyme immunoassay. The animals were divided into one control group and five experimental groups (6 groups of 5 rats in total). Experimental groups: 1st-immunization of intact animals (IM) according to the above scheme. 2nd-acute pancreatitis (AP); 3rd group AP+ IM; 4th-chronic pancreatitis (CP); 5th group-CP+IM. With AP and CP, there is an autoimmune component that interferes with the restoration of damaged pancreatic tissue. Experimental studies have shown that the presence of acute inflammation, accompanied by full blood vessels, hyperemia, edema, hypoxia, necrosis, death of a large number of cells, the release of cellular elements that are endogenous antigens. Inflammation of the pancreas stimulates the immune system of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, factors contributing to the development of an autoimmune reaction are: alcohol, infection: bacterial, viral and/or parasitic.

В экспериментах ex vivo на глазах свиней исследована эффективность корнеального насыщения рибофлавином ткани роговицы посредством инстилляций растворов для ультрафиолетового кросслинкинга коллагена. Изучено влияние растворов на толщину роговицы. Предложено офтальмологическое средство, содержащее рибофлавин и хитозана сукцинат, для рибофлавин-УФ-А индуцированного сшивания коллагена тонких роговиц.

Aim. To study the nature of reactive changes in astrocytic glia and oxidative metabolic status in the visual cortex of experimental animals after acute circulatory arrest. Methods. A series of experiments was performed on 47 mature males of noninbred white rats weighing 150-180 g. Under general ethereal anesthesia, a 5-minute anoxia was modelled by intrathoracic clamping of the vascular bundle of the heart followed by resuscitation and observation of the general state dynamics of the animals within 5 weeks after revitalization. Morphometric characteristics of reactive astrogliosis were studied with evaluation of a neurospecific protein (glial fibrillary acidic protein) by immunohistochemistry. The processes of free radical oxidation in brain homogenates were evaluated by determination of products reacting with thiobarbituric acid and by chemiluminescence analysis. The state of antioxidant system in the studied tissues was determined by recording the activity of superoxide dismutase and the level of reduced glutathione. Results. Regarding astroglial link, significant expression of glial fibrillar acidic protein was recorded throughout the observation period with maximum intensification on day 21 of the experiment. In the early periods and during the second week after recovery, the increase of the light sum of iron-induced chemiluminescence was noted, followed by a prolonged accumulation of secondary metabolites of lipid peroxidation. The investigated level of superoxide dismutase significantly increased not only on days 1-3, but also during the second week of the postresuscitation period. When assessing the level of reduced glutathione, a significant increase of its content occured during the first three days after recovery. Conclusion. The revealed activation of a neurospecific protein production with preceding shifts in pro- and antioxidative systems is indicative of hyperreactive character of astrogliosis formed in brain structures against the continuous oxidative stress, disrupting the functioning of neural networks in the visual cortex of experimental animals.

Introduction. Recently, more and more attracted the attention of cell therapy, which requires a study of the efficacy and safety of allogeneic MSCs transplantation in acute and chronic inflammatory reactions. The aim of our study was to examine the effectiveness of transplantation of allogeneic mesenchymal bone marrow stromal cells for the healing of surgical wounds the glandular stomach in rats. Material and methods. Using white Wistar rats. Producing cell transplantation mononuclear fraction derived from rat bone marrow aspirate. Injected cells 8 and 9 th passage. The dose of cells administered to 3-th and / or 7-th days 3,5h106 cells / ml twice or 5,0h106 cells / ml dose. Autopsy on day 10-th and 17-th. The serum ELISA determined the content of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL1β, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-4. Results and discussion. Introduction MSCs contributed to the decline of the immune mediators of inflammation IL1β, TNFα, IFNγ, increase anti-inflammatory IL4. Quality improved healing. Conclusion. Rapid curative effect of stem cells may be associated with the formation of blood immune cells (macrophages) that produce substances that restore damaged tissue. They restore the balance between Th1 and Th2.

INTRODUCTION:Recently, more and more attracted the attention of cell therapy, which requires a study of the efficacy and safety of allogeneic MSCs transplantation in acute and chronic inflammatory reactions. The aim of our study was to examine the effectiveness of transplantation of allogeneic mesenchymal bone marrow stromal cells for the healing of surgical wounds the glandular stomach in rats.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Using white Wistar rats. Producing cell transplantation mononuclear fraction derived from rat bone marrow aspirate. Injected cells 8 and 9 th passage. The dose of cells administered to 3-th and / or 7-th days 3,5h106 cells / ml twice or 5,0h106 cells / ml dose. Autopsy on day 10-th and 17-th. The serum ELISA determined the content of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL1β, TNFα, IFNy, IL-4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:Introduction MSCs contributed to the decline of the immune mediators of inflammation IL1P, TNFa, IFNy, increase anti-inflammatory IL4. Quality improved healing.CONCLUSION:Rapid curative effect of stem cells may be associated with the formation of blood immune cells (macrophages) that produce substances that restore damaged tissue. They restore the balance between Th1 and Th2.

Методом иммуноферментного анализа в остром и раннем периодах травматической болезни спинного мозга изучено содержание человеческих а-дефензинов нейтрофилов 1-3, прои противовоспалительных цитокинов в крови у 40 пациентов с осложненными повреждениями шейного отдела позвоночника. На основании проведенного сопоставительного анализа выявлены новые корреляции, характеризующие системный воспалительный ответ в посттравматическом периоде.

Studied cardiointervalography of 45 men with chronic rhinosinusitis and impaired olfactory function. In the studied group of patients predominance sympathotony was revealed. It is also shown that the detection of the initial state of the autonomic nervous system plays a role in non-pharmacological treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with with impaired peripheral olfactory analyzer.

Objective: to study pathophysiological mechanisms of local (pulmonary) inflammatory reaction in the sharp and early periods of a traumatic disease of a spinal cord on the basis of an assessment of dynamic changes of cellular structure of a bronchial secret, an alveolar epithelium and a microbic landscape of a tracheobronchial tree at patients with the complicated damages of cervical department of a backbone. Materials and methods. Methods of cytologic, immunofermental and bacteriological researches at 40 patients with the complicated damages of cervical department of a backbone to dynamics studied the contents the neutrofil of leukocytes and alveolar macrophages in a bronchial secret, a mutsin antigene 3GE5 and surfaktant protein D in serum of blood, character of microbic flora of a tracheobronchial tree and its some biological properties. Results. Activation of local (pulmonary) inflammatory reaction in the sharp and early periods of a traumatic disease of a spinal cord is characterized by increase of the contents the neutrofil of leukocytes in a bronchial secret for the 7-14th days, lymphocyts — for the 1-14th days increase in the maintenance of a mutsin antigene 3GE5 for the 14th days and SP-D —for the 1-14th days, allocation from respiratory substrata of opportunistic microorganisms in clinically significant concentration; knocking over — increase of quantity of alveolar macrophages, decrease in the maintenance of a mutsin antigene 3GE5 and SP-D for the 21-30th days and sanitation of a locus of an infection in a tracheobronchial tree. Conclusion. The pathophysiological mechanisms defining changes of cellular structure of a bronchial secret, an alveolar epithelium and a microbic landscape of a tracheobronchial tree in the sharp and early periods of a traumatic disease of a spinal cord play an important role in development of organ (pulmonary) inflammatory reaction.

Results of clinical trial and information about new developed medical devices for UV corneal collagen cross-linking at Ufa eye research institute are given.

Методом иммуноферментного анализа на 1‒4-е, 7-е, 14-е, 21-е и 30 сутки изучено содержание некоторых цитоплазматических нейроспецифических белков (фосфорилированного нейрофиламента-H, основного белка миелина, нейротрофина-3, нейротрофина-4/5) и маркеров межклеточного матрикса (матриксной металлопротеиназы-2, матриксной металлопротеиназы-9, тканевого ингибитора матриксной металлопротеиназы-1) в образцах сыворотки крови 40 пациентов с осложненными травматическими повреждениями шейного отдела позвоночника. В остром и раннем периодах травматической болезни спинного мозга выявлены положительные корреляции содержания pNF-H и ММР-9 на 1‒4-е, 7-е, 21-е и 30-е сутки, pNF-H и TIMP-1 на 21-е и 30-е сутки, МВР и ММР-2 – на 1‒4-е, 7-е и 14-е сутки, МВР и TIMP-1 – на 1‒4-е и 14-е сутки и отрицательные, между уровнями pNF-H и TIMP-1 на 7-е и 14-е сутки, характеризующие преобладание механизмов клеточной альтерации нервной ткани. Выявленные на 1‒4-е, 14-е, 21-е сутки положительные корреляции содержания NT-3 и TIMP-1 и отрицательные – NT-4/5 и ММР-9 на 21-е сутки свидетельствуют о преобладании механизмов внутриклеточной регенерации нервной ткани.

Aim. To evaluate the level of endogenous intoxication in the blood and the status of the lipid peroxidation processes in eye tissues of experimental animals after acute circulatory arrest. Methods. Chronic (5 weeks) pathophysiological experiments were performed in 72 nonlinear mature male rats, in which acute circulatory arrest was modeled by neurovascular heart bundle compression, followed by resuscitation. Endogenous intoxication intensity was assessed using endogenous intoxication integral index based on the detection of oligopeptides and low and medium molecular weight substances. Free radical oxidation in eye tissues was assessed by determining the level of 2’-thiobarbituric acid-reactive products, as well as by chemiluminescence. The condition of antioxidant system was investigated by catalase activity features and reduced glutathione level. Results. There was a significant two-phased increase of endogenous intoxication index during the whole postoperative period. Fe2+-induced chemiluminescence with subsequent accumulation of lipid peroxidation secondary metabolites, as well as increased activity of catalase protective system both in early stages (days 1-3) and on the second week were revealed in eye tissues. A positive correlation of endogenous intoxication integral index and the level of 2’-thiobarbituric acid-reactive products on the first day after resuscitation was revealed. Conclusion. Endogenous intoxication syndrome is formed after the acute circulatory arrest with maximal levels of endogenous toxins in the systemic circulation on 1-3rd and on 10-14th day after resuscitation, as well as with significant intensification of lipid peroxidation processes in eye tissues at the same period.

The intensity of 10 C. albicans clinical strains filmforming in patients with bronchopulmonary complications of early traumatic spinal cord disease was studied in statistic condition of flatbed culture on the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th and 5 th days. It was specified that life cycle of C. albicans has phase character and is characterized by quantitative changes in the intensity of its filmforming.