Введение. Проблема холодовой травмы заключается в отсутствии общепризнанной тактики лечения, что приводит к неудовлетворительным результатам и высокой частоте инвалидизации. Это обуславливает необходимость изыскания более эффективных методов лечения. Цель. В эксперименте на лабораторных животных изучить эффективность раневых покрытий с нановолокнами хитозана в лечении глубоких отморожений в сочетании с ранней некрэктомией. Материалы и методы. У 45 лабораторных крыс моделировали глубокие контактные отморожения при помощи разработанного оригинального устройства. На 3-и сутки выполнялась некрэктомия в области отморожения. Для дальнейшего лечения использовали раневые покрытия с нановолокнами хитозана хитомед-ранозаживляющее, мазь меколь и марлевую салфетку с последующей морфогистологической оценкой динамики заживления холодовых ран. Результаты. Представлена морфологическая и гистологическая аргументация целесообразности использования раневых покрытий с нановолокнами хитозана при лечении глубоких отморожений в сравнении с традиционными методами при выполнении ранней некрэктомии в зоне холодового воздействия. Заключение. Установлено, что раневые покрытия с нановолокнами хитозана, обладая выраженными регенераторными свойствами, способствуют более быстрой эпителизации холодовых ран. Уже на 7-е сутки эксперимента выявлены статистически значимые отличия скорости заживления в опытной группе в сравнении с контрольными. Ранняя некрэктомия на 3-и сутки после моделирования отморожений, по всей видимости, является преждевременной из-за недостаточного отграничения раневого процесса. Струп на начальных этапах выступает в роли биологической повязки, его раннее удаление приводит к замедлению регенерации раны. Introduction. The problem of cold injury is the lack of a generally accepted treatment strategy, which leads to unsatisfactory results and a high incidence of disability. This necessitates finding more effective treatments. Purpose. In experiment on laboratory animals, to study the effectiveness of wound dressings with chitosan nanofibers in treatment of deep frostbite in combination with early necrectomy. Materials and methods. Deep contact frostbite was simulated in 45 laboratory rats using the developed original device. On the 3rd day, necrectomy was performed in the area of frostbite. For subsequent treatment, wound dressings with chitosan nanofibers hitomed-wound-healing, mekol ointment and a gauze pad were used, followed by morphological and histological assessment of the dynamics of healing of cold wounds. Results. The morphological and histological argumentation of the expediency of using wound dressings with chitosan nanofibers in the treatment of deep frostbite in comparison with traditional methods when performing early necrectomy in zone of cold exposure was presented. Conclusion. It was found that wound dressings with chitosan nanofibers, possessing pronounced regenerative properties, promote faster epitelisation of cold wounds. On the 7th day of the experiment, statistically significant differences in the rate of healing in the experimental group were revealed in comparison with the control ones. Early necrectomy on the 3rd day after modeling frostbite is apparently premature due to insufficient delimitation of the wound process. At the initial stages, the scab acts as a biological dressing, its early removal leads to a slowdown in wound regeneration.

In this paper practical application of simulation modeling programs which are intended for the decision of geo-economics business problems. The offered methods allow solving the main geo-economics problem at opening practically trade any kind a choice of a geographical location for shop opening. Proposed method help to solve the following geo-economic problem to choose a location for opening new shop. It analyzes the population of the territory.

A new method of estimation of immunoreactivity of the organism, based on determining the type of systemic reaction of the human organism is described. This method allows estimating general nonspecific and immune reactivity of the organism. Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the appendages of the uterus of Chlamydia etiology show derangement of immune reactivity of the organism, described by breaking neutrophil emigrations and expressed immune imbalance in the zone of inflammation.

Peculiarities of the course of vaginal candidiasis have been evaluated in the study. The Method for assessment of efficiency rate of immunologic reactivity of the organism, developed by authors, has been applied.

We have studied that emigration of leukocytes in the cavity of cutaneous-vacuum vesicles of healthy volunteers and patients with diseases of lower extremities vessels. We have found that changing fluid cell structure of cutaneous-vacuum vesicles correspond to the main structure of the first phase of wound process. Aseptic post-traumatic inflammation in cutaneous-vacuum vesicles can develop by three ways: normoergic, hypoergic, and anergic.

Laboratory epidermal autotransplantation was performed on the surface of a full-thickness skin defect using mongrel female rats. Epidermal graft represented suction blister roofs, formed as the result of the donor skin site treatment with lowered up to -0.6 kg/cm2 pressure. It contained all epidermal cell layers. Following 1, 7 and 28 days after the transplantation recipient bed sites containing grafted epidermis were excised and histological study war performed. It was demonstrated that epidermal graft received by the method described was able to grow as well as to differentiate on the surface of a full-thickness skin defect.

The influence of vitamin B1-deficiency on the ultrastructure of the cellular elements in the focus of aseptic inflammation in the skeletal muscles was studied in white mice, 2 and 3 days after the infliction of a mechanical trauma. Food B1-hypovitaminosis was induced by keeping the animals on a thiamine-deficient ration during 30 days. Oxythiamine hypovitaminosis was simulated by subcutaneous injections of vitamin B1 antimetabolite--oxythiamine, in a dose of 10 mg/kg, every 12 h, during 10 days. Both types of hypovitaminosis induced similar reactions of the cellular elements. The volume fraction of lysosomes and phagosomes in the macrophage cytoplasma decreased, the volume density of mitochondria increased, differentiation of fibroblasts was delayed. No significant changes were detected in the ultrastructure of neutrophilic granulocytes, eosinophils and lymphocytes. Decrease of macrophage phagocytic activity is one of the main factors in the mechanism of delay of necrotic mass resorption and inhibition of the following development of reparative processes.