Understanding the adsorption behavior of Cd²⁺ onto mineral surfaces is pivotal for addressing severe Cd contamination in mining areas. However, most existing studies have focused exclusively on single-Cd²⁺ systems, which are far removed from real-world environmental scenarios. In fact, Cd²⁺ typically coexists with other metal ions (e.g., Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺) and humic acid in heavy metal-contaminated sites. Yet, while the individual impacts of these factors are widely recognized, the precise competitive dynamics and interfacial behaviors of Cd2 + under such environmentally relevant multi-component conditions warrant a more systematic, molecular-level investigation. To tackle this critical issue, this study systematically investigated Cd²⁺ adsorption onto biotite in the presence of coexisting ions (i.e., Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺) and humic acid (HA) using batch experiments combined with spectroscopic techniques. Batch results revealed that pH and ionic strength strongly regulated Cd²⁺ adsorption: in 0.001 M NaNO₃, adsorption efficiency increased sharply from 7.18% to 92.14% as pH rose from 2.3 to 9.5; at pH 7, increasing ionic strength (0.001–0.1 M NaNO₃) induced a 40% reduction in Cd²⁺ uptake. Supported by SEM-EDS, XRD, and XPS characterizations, these findings strongly suggest that inner-sphere complexation and ion exchange/outer-sphere were the dominant adsorption mechanisms. Coexisting ions exerted distinct effects: Pb²⁺ markedly inhibited Cd²⁺ adsorption via competitive binding to identical sites, whereas Zn²⁺ showed no notable impact—attributed to its specific adsorption onto biotite surface defects (supported by FT-IR observations). HA exhibited a pH-dependent dual role: it enhanced Cd²⁺ adsorption at low pH (3.6–6.6) through formation of biotite-HA-Cd²⁺ ternary complexes, but inhibited adsorption at high pH (>6.6) by forming water-soluble HA-Cd²⁺ complexes.

The two-step hydrothermal method was used to synthesize Z-scheme heterojunction Bi2O3@NiFe2O4 for photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade ofloxacin in simulated wastewater. The specific surface area of BNF-2 reached 80.69 m2/g, with a mesopore size of approximately 10 nm. At a Bi/Ni/Fe molar ratio of 2:1:2, the kinetic rate of Ofloxacin (OFX) degradation in the BNF-2/Vis/PMS system was 3.49 and 2.18 times higher than that achieved by PMS or photocatalysis alone. The BNF-2/vis/PMS system effectively eliminated OFX throughout a broad pH range and in wastewater containing various anions. After 5 cycles, the composite maintained excellent cyclic stability and magnetic recovery property. center dot O2-was identified as the major reactive species in the degradation of OFX by electron paramagnetic resonance studies and quenching experiments. The synergistic mechanism of Vis and PMS in the catalytic system and the possible degradation pathway of ofloxacin were proposed. By forming a strong binding and stable structure, the agglomeration of nanoparticles was mitigated, facilitating the recovery and reuse of the composite catalyst and providing more options for the removal of antibiotics in pharmaceutical wastewater.

Aerobic granular sludge(AGS)is a neoteric wastewater treatment technology.The organic loading rate(OLR)exhibits a critical effect on the AGS formation process.The special role of OLR on AGS is rarely established,especially in a complicated environment.This work explored the influence of OLR on the AGS system under a micro-electric stimulation environment.The dynamic OLR affected the behaviors of AGS and reactor performance.AGS cultured under a dynamic OLR environment showed a more compact structure and the AGS system displayed an excellent capacity in removing pollutants.The stable texture of AGS is related to the extracellular polymeric substance(EPS).The main constitutions of EPS include tryptophan protein,tyrosine protein,humic acid-like substance,and fulvic acid-like substance.The OLR-varied environment may provide a selective condition,impacting the microbial population.The prevail bacteria were Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium(21.98％),Lactococcus(23.93％),and Chryseobacterium(5.58％)in OLR-varied AGS system.The evolution of the microbial population induced the change in bacterial community functions,such as carbohydrate metabolism,replication and repair,and membrane transport functions.This work provides valuable insights into the OLR on AGS processes,helping to the stability of AGS-based systems.

The development of active electrode materials with dual functions of energy storage and electrocatalyst is important for future energy storage and energy conversion devices. In this work, manganese -doped nickel cobalt sulfide (Mn-NCS) mesoporous microspheres were prepared via a simple two-step solvent -thermal method and the effects of different Mn2+ doping levels on the electrochemical properties and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) of the prepared samples were investigated. As a supercapacitor electrode material, optimized Mn0.5-NCS had a maximum specific capacitance of 1175 C g-1 at a current density of 1 A/g and remained an outstanding capacitance retention rate of 81 % at a current density of 20 A/g. The asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled with the optimal electrode material as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode, and a high energy density of 55.4Wh kg- 1 was achieved at a power density of 797 W kg - 1. The Mn0.5-NCS exhibited the best HER performance in alkaline electrolyte, shown as the lowest overpotential of 95 mV and the smallest Tafel slope of 71 mV dec- 1 at a current density of 10 mA cm -2. Experimental tests and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that manganese preferentially occupies nickel sites and acted as an electron donor in the electrochemical process to realize the electron redistribution, increasing electron density and accelerating charge transfer. The results indicated that manganese -doped nickel-cobalt sulfides have great potential as bifunctional electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors and HER.

Diethyl phthalate (DEP) had widely presented in various industrial wastewater, and caused negative effect on activated sludge. However, the responses of activated sludge involving microstructure and bacterial community induced by DEP are not well explored. Hence response mechanism of activated sludge with DEP exposure was explored combining sequencing batch reactor and Illumina MiSeq sequencing approaches. Results showed DEP over 50mg/L was toxic to microorganism and impeded activated sludge removing COD. Activated sludge became loose and porous, and filamentous bacteria appeared due to the toxicity of DEP (over 100mg/L). Furthermore, DEP exposure led to an overall increase in EPS from 102.1mg/g MLVSS at stage DEP (0) to 274.8mg/g MLVSS at stage DEP (150), suggesting EPS was probably one of the detoxification mechanisms. Illumina MiSeq sequencing approaches again showed DEP was poisonous to microorganism in form of decrease in the richness and evenness of the bacterial community and shifts in community structure. Whereas, an increase in the abundance of DEP-degrading genera, like Acinetobacter and Chryseobacterium, was observed under DEP exposure, which was another detoxification mechanism. In addition, the relative abundance of metabolic pathways involved in carbon metabolism and DEP degradation increased to 10.80% and 2.07% at stage DEP (150), respectively, which was also important in combating DEP exposure.

The residual antibiotics in water has aroused ever-growing concern of people. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology shows great application potential for removing toxic organics from wastewater due to its unique features. However, it is still hindered by some bottleneck problems, such as a long culture period and instability of granular sludge. Here, micro-electric field (MEF) coupled AGS (e-AGS) system was established to solve the problems. MEF significantly shortened the cultivation period of AGS (25 days in e-AGS vs. 30 days in control), which mainly related to the production of extracellular polymers. The granular sludge exposed to MEF exhibited a smaller size (3.4 mm), a more compact structure, and high removal rates for sulfadiazine (SDZ, 65 %), ammonia nitrogen (96.49 %), chemical oxygen demand (91.28 %), and total phosphorus (89.31 %). SDZ degradation intermediates and pathways in the e-AGS system were revealed. The eco-toxicity of the effluent was evaluated based on the eco-toxicity of SDZ transformation products. Microbes succession suggested that MEF functioned in a selective role for microorganisms' growth. At the genus level, Acinetobacter, Bdellovibrio, Leadbetterella, and Aeromonas dominated the degradation of SDZ. This work provides an effective means for the enhancement of the AGS system to treat antibiotic-polluted water and makes provision for the application of AGS.

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and may threaten the ecosystem. Currently, research on MP pollution in China has focused on urban and coastal areas. To better understand the extent of MP pollution in the surface water of rural areas, we investigated the abundance, particle size, color, shape, and polymer chemical characteristics of MPs in the Longjiang River in China during the wet season (August) and dry season (December). The results showed that MPs were detected at all 12 sampling sites in August and December, with higher mean abundances observed in August (112.60 ± 5.63 items/m3) than in December (49.34 ± 2.47 items/m3). The predominant particle sizes of the MPs ranged from 100–500 µm, transparent was the most common appearance, and debris was the most common shape. Chemical characterization revealed that polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were the major polymer types. Correlation analysis indicated that agricultural film usage was the primary source of MP pollution in the Longjiang River basin. Risk assessments were conducted based on the chemical characteristics and abundances of MPs, revealing a high risk level due to the presence of hazardous PVC. However, the overall potential ecological level of MP pollution in the Longjiang River basin was lower than that observed in urban areas due to the lower abundances and pollution loads. This study provides valuable baseline data to assess the environmental risks associated with MPs and serves as a basis to formulate effective environmental policies.

In this study, an aerobic granular sludge electrochemical system (AGES) was established by applying the micro-electric field to an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactor for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ). Under the stimulation of the micro-electric field, the granulation of sludge was improved and the degradation rate of SMZ was enhanced. The features of granular sludge were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The optimal degradation rate of SMZ (88%) was obtained at the voltage of 3 V and the effective electrode area of 800 mm2. The results of kinetics analyses revealed that the degradation of SMZ by AGES can be fitted with the second-order kinetic equation, showing a degradation rate constant (k) of 0.001 L mol-1·min-1. The degradation products of SMZ in the AGES system were detected by LC-MS and their possible degradation routes were elucidated. The micro-electric field in the AGES system played a selective role in microbes' enrichment and growth, changing the diversity of the microbial community. Pseudomonas, Tolumonas, and Acidovorax were the dominant bacteria in the AGES system, which is accountable for the abatement of SMZ and nutrients. This work provides a green means for improving AGS and paves the way for applying the AGS process to real-world wastewater treatment.

With the widespread use of typical antibiotics such as sulfamethazine (SMT), it leads to their accumulation in the environment, increasing the risk of the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has shown great potential in treating antibiotic wastewater. However, the long cultivation period of AGS, the easy disintegration of particles and the poor stability of degradation efficiency for highly concentrated antibiotic wastewater are still urgent problems that need to be solved, and it is important to explore the migration and changes of ARGs and microbial diversity in AGS systems. In this study, a microelectrically enhanced pelletizing reactor (MEPR) was innovatively constructed using a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) coupled with an AGS system, and a comparative study was carried out using a conventional sequential batch reactor (SBR). The results showed that the AGS obtained from MEPR culture was smooth white spherical, with rich internal microbial phase and good sludge activity. The microelectric condition shortened the AGS culture cycle by 10 days, with smaller AGS particle size, denser structure, and better pollutant degradation ability, and the average removal rate of SMT by MEPR (74.3 %) was much higher than that of SBR (3.13 %). The microelectrical properties reduced the sludge pressure to a certain extent, induced the reasonable secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and kept the MEPR in a strong stable state. High-throughput sequencing and detection of ARGs indicated that MEPR had a richer microbial community structure, which significantly controlled the enrichment of ARGs. This study provides a theoretical reference for enhanced sludge granulation and biological treatment of high concentration antibiotic wastewater.

Solar interfacial evaporation (SIE) has emerged as a highly promising approach for sustainable freshwater harvesting. However, maintaining a stable evaporation rate and achieving a high freshwater yield in high-salinity brines remain a significant challenge. In this study, we present the development of silicone sponge-based evaporators with a "free-salt" structure, designed to enhance the efficiency of SIE and freshwater collection. These evaporators, designated as PSS@Fe3O4/CNTs, were fabricated by grafting durable silicone onto a silicone sponge framework, followed by the incorporation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. The unique combination of exceptional photothermal properties and a controlled yolk-shell structure with low thermal conductivity enabled the PSS@Fe3O4/CNT evaporators to sustain a stable evaporation rate of 1.87 kg m-2 h-1 in real seawater over 200 h of continuous operation under 1 sun illumination. Importantly, no salt accumulation was observed on the evaporator surfaces, even when exposed to highly concentrated brines. In a closed system equipped with a condenser, these evaporators achieved freshwater production rates of 14.5 and 11.8 kg m-2 over 10 h from 10 and 20 wt % NaCl solutions, respectively, under 1 sun illumination. These values correspond to normalized production rates of 1.45 and 1.18 kg m-2 h-1, showcasing the consistent and efficient performance of the evaporators across varying salinity levels. Beyond salt rejection, the PSS@Fe3O4/CNT evaporators also demonstrated the ability to effectively remove various heavy metal ions (e.g., Cu2+ and Zn2+) and organic pollutants from contaminated water. This work provides valuable insights into innovative evaporator designs for efficient freshwater production from seawater and wastewater.

To overcome the barrier of high -concentration aniline removal, we applied original sludge (RO) and starving sludge (RS) at varying aniline concentrations (200, 600, and 1200 mg/L) to enrich aniline -degrading bacteria, heterotrophic nitrifiers, and denitrifiers. RS exhibited exceptional toxicity tolerance and operational performance in sequencing batch reactors. The average removal efficiencies of aniline, COD, and TN in the starving sludge were 26.10 %, 11.10 %, and 4.59 % higher, respectively, than those of the original sludge. High -throughput sequencing results illustrated that functional genera, such as Delftia, Hydrogenophaga, Ferruginibacter, Bdellovibrio, Flavobacterium, and Alicycliphilus, ensured the effective removal of aniline and nitrogen. Particularly, the relative abundance of Delftia, a highly efficient aniline -degrading bacterium, reached 33.17 % in RS, compared to 6.27 % in RO. The functional genes of RS involved in high aniline degradation, including dmpC/xylG/praB (K10217), benD-xy1L (K05783), and dmpB/xylE (K00446), were more abundant than those in RO. The relative abundance of dmpB/xylE, which catalyzes catechol in RS, reached 1.28%00, while that in RO was only 0.94%00. Therefore, the aniline degradation advantage of RS might provide new grounds for the resource utilization of starving sludge.

Seeds establish dormancy to delay germination until the arrival of a favorable growing season. In this study, we identify a fate switch comprised of the MKK3-MPK7 kinase cascade and the ethylene response factor ERF4 that is responsible for the seed state transition from dormancy to germination. We show that dormancy-breaking factors activate the MKK3-MPK7 module, which affects the expression of some a-EXPANSIN (EXPA) genes to control seed dormancy. Furthermore, we identify a direct downstream substrate of this module, ERF4, which suppresses the expression of these EXPAs by directly binding to the GCC boxes in their exon regions. The activated MKK3-MPK7 module phosphorylates ERF4, leading to its rapid degradation and thereby releasing its inhibitory effect on the expression of these EXPAs. Collectively, our work identifies a signaling chain consisting of protein phosphorylation, degradation, and gene transcription , by which the germination promoters within the embryo sense and are activated by germination signals from ambient conditions.

Biomass-derived porous carbon as a conductive framework in which the redox molecule Alizarin red S is anchored by strong interactions.

Biomass porous carbon has received widespread attention due to its application as electrode material for supercapacitors and adsorbent for difficult-to-degrade organic dyes. In this paper, biomass porous carbon KGL is prepared using ginkgo leaves as the precursor and KOH as the activator. Capitalizing on the adsorption property of porous carbon, an azo dye Congo red (CR) is confined into the nanopores of KGL to fabricate the KGL/CR electrode. The result suggests that KGL has good adsorption performance for organic dye and KGL/CR has excellent capacitance performance. When the CR concentration is 500 mg l(-1), the adsorption capacity of KGL is 495 mg g(-1). KGL/CR-500 displays elevated specific capacitance of 393 F g(-1) at 1 A g(-1) and excellent rate performance (76.3% capacitance retention at 10 A g(-1)). The capacitance retention after 10000 cycles maintains 99%. The symmetric supercapacitor has power density of 699.8 W kg(-1) at an energy density of 16.4 Wh kg(-1) and can power a light emitting diodes (LED). Our work provides the information that one is the treatment of organic dye wastewater, the other is development of electrochemical energy-storage materials, and may be expanded to the resource-utilization of other versatile effluent containing the redox groups.

Background: Based on the advanced oxidation process of transition metal activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS), a heterogeneous catalyst with simple synthesis strategy and high efficiency was prepared. It was used to remove refractory organic pollutants. Methods: We designed a biochar modified cobalt-iron bimetallic composite catalyst (BC@CFC) via co-precipitation and calcination methods using biomass and cobalt-iron layered double hydroxide as precursors. Significant Findings: BC1@CF2C exhibited a unique multi-level porous layered structure, which reasonably reduced the agglomeration of cobalt-iron composite and increased the specific surface area. This allowed the catalyst to create more exposed active sites and favorably activate PMS, with a rapid and efficient degradation of tetracycline (TC) in 5 min (92.49%+/- 0.21%) and 30 min (96.63%+/- 1.68%). BC1@CF2C was magnetic and easy to recover, it maintained a superior TC removal rate (about 90%) after 5 cycles. This remarkable performance was benefited from the synergistic effect of cobalt-iron bimetal to enhance the activation effect of PMS, which led to the production of sulfate free radicals (SO4 center dot-) and hydroxyl free radicals (center dot OH) to further attack TC. BC@CFC possessed the advantages of being environment-friendly, high catalytic activity and sustainability, which could be of great value in environmental application. (C) 2022 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sulfidation of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) has attracted increasing interest for improving the reactivity and selectivity of nZVI towards heavy metal ions. In this study, attapulgite-loaded sulfide modified nZVI (APT/S-nZVI) was synthesized, and used for removal Cr(Ⅵ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) alone or coexisting. The morphology and structure characterizations indicated that sulfide-modified nZVI particles were well distributed and immobilized on the attapulgite surface. Batch experiments of Cr(Ⅵ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) removal were conducted at varying mass ratios, S/Fe ratios, pH and initial concentrations. Moreover, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses were used to study the removal process, and possible mechanisms of removal for Cr(Ⅵ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) were discussed. The results of removal performance tests demonstrated that APT/S-nZVI displayed high removal capacity and fast removal rate for three heavy metal ions compared to the nZVI, which derived from the synergistic effects of the strongly reducing characteristics of nZVI combined with high electronic conductivity of FeS and high surface area of APT. Dynamic studies revealed that the removal process was highly consistent with the pseudo-second-order model for three metal ions adsorption and reaction process. Additionally, combined the value of activation energy, it has been proved that the removal Cr(VI) and Cu(Ⅱ) were controlled by chemical surface-limiting step, and removal Zn(Ⅱ) was controlled by chemically diffusion step. The modification of S changes the removal mechanism between APT/S-nZVI and metal ions, which is closely related to the redox potential of metal ion and the solubility product constant (Ksp) of metal sulfides. Overall, the work suggests that APT/S-nZVI has a good potential for the elimination of micropollutants in the aquatic environment.

In order to further enhance the activation performance of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) an efficient and recyclable magnetic recyclable catalyst was successfully fabricated by co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods. We designed commercial hexagonal sheet boron nitride (C-BN) and boron nitrogen micro-nanotubes (BNMTs) to anchor CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (C-BN@CoFe2O4/BNMTs@CoFe2O4). Compared with the smooth hexagonal C-BN, the abundant pores and oxygen-containing groups of BNMTs could effectively increase the loading of CoFe2O4 and enrich the active sites. Under optimal conditions, the BNMTs@CoFe2O4/PMS system could rapidly and efficiently degrade 92.7% of oxytetracycline (OTC) within 5 min. In addition, the strong binding force between BNMTs and CoFe2O4 enabled favorable regeneration efficiency after 5 cycles (87.6%). This mechanism was proposed to activate PMS by BNMTs@CoFe2O4 to generate sulfate free radicals (SO4•-) and hydroxyl free radicals (·OH) to further attack OTC. Our survey results were expected to provide new insights for the rational design and application of boron nitride-based materials and transition metal/PMS systems for environmental remediation.

专创融合的教育模式要求将学生创新创业能力的培养融入到专业教学过程中,符合国家对复合型人才能力培养的要求.结合专创融合的思维模式,以能力培养为目标,从专创融合教学改革思路、课程内容设计、课程实施路径、课程运行方法四个方面,对"环境化学"课程专创融合教学改革进行了实践.

Arachis hypogaea L. stems and leaves (AHSL) were used as raw materials, to extract phenolic acids through 60Co γ irradiation and solvent synergistic method. The extraction conditions were optimized by the response surface methodology of Box-Behnken, following a separation; thereafter, the antioxidant activity of the phenolic acid AHSL was studied. The results showed that the optimal extraction process could be achieved at an absorbed dose of 6.70 kGy and 70% ethanol concentration with 27∶1 liquid-solid ratio (mL∶g). The highest AHSL phenolic acid yield was (2.25±0.11)%. Among the process parameters, the absorbed dose showed the most significant effect on the AHSL phenolic acid yield (p=0.000 1).The phenolic acid content increased to 1.80 fold after extraction and purification with chloroform and ethyl acetate. Concerning the antioxidant activity, AHSL phenolic acid showed better free radical scavenging ability and ferric-reducing power than the ethanol extracts. Moreover, no significant difference could be observed in the hydroxyl radical scavenging effect between AHSL phenolic acid and tea polyphenols under the same concentration (p˃0.05). More than 50% of DPPH free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals could be removed at the AHSL phenolic acid concentration of 100 μg/mL. The results revealed that 60Co γ ray irradiation combined with ethanol extraction is feasible, and the phenolic acid from AHSL has strong antioxidant activity in vitro.

鱼类加工副产物——鱼鳞鱼皮富含胶原蛋白肽,其来源丰富、价格低廉、加工简单,是鱼源肽加工企业的首选原料.该文对鱼鳞鱼皮制备胶原蛋白肽的提取方法、分离过程、鉴定及功能方面的研究进展进行综述,并对以鱼鳞鱼皮为主要原料制备美白保湿肽的发展前景进行展望,为其进一步的高值化利用提供参考.