Acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), result from pulmonary edema and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption due to inflammation, often triggered by conditions like sepsis. Sepsis-induced ALI (SALI) involves extensive damage to vascular endothelium and alveolar epithelium, leading to respiratory failure. Our study explores ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death pathway, and calcium dysregulation in SALI. Elevated cytosolic calcium early in ferroptosis exacerbates lipid peroxidation and cellular damage. We investigated verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, and found it reduces calcium influx, alleviates iron overload, and decreases oxidative stress, protecting against ferroptosis-induced apoptosis in lung cells. These insights suggest targeting ferroptosis pathways, including calcium and iron homeostasis, may offer new therapeutic strategies for SALI, potentially improving outcomes in ALI/ARDS.

目的:探讨口腔专科医院牙体牙髓科本科实习教学中医疗不良事件的有效管理方法.方法:采用调查问卷的方法分析2018年7月至2020年6月期间在牙体牙髓科临床实习教学中发生的87例医疗不良事件,应用PDCA循环管理方法,通过计划、实施、检查、处理4个阶段,对职业暴露、医患沟通及医疗处置等发生率高的医疗不良事件进行分析并制定对策.结果:2020年7月至2022年6月期间本科实习的医疗不良事件发生频率较改进前明显降低.结论:PDCA循环管理方法能够对本科实习教学中医疗不良事件发生的常见环节进行有效管理,在本科生带教过程中值得广泛推广.

Objective It is to observe the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1（ICAM-1） in the serum and periodontal tissues of rats with periodontitis, with atherosclerosis and with periodontitis and atherosclerosis, to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into normal group, periodontitis group, atherosclerosis group and periodontitis with atherosclerosis group, 10 rats in each group. The rats in the normal group were fed with normal fodder; the rats in the periodontitis group were injected with endotoxin suspension under the gingival sulcus on the buccal and palatal sides, once a week, totally for 3 times, and fed with normal fodder during the experiment. The rats in the atherosclerosis group were fed with normal fodder in the first week of the experiment, and was injected intraperitoneally with vitamin D3 injection 7×10~5 IU/kg at the same time, and high-fat fodder was added gradually after 1 week until the end of the second week. The rats in the periodontitis with atherosclerosis group were given the same intervention as the periodontitis group and atherosclerosis group. The body weight of the rats in each group before the experiment and at the end of 12 weeks’ feeding, the gingival bleeding index and probing depth at the end of 13 weeks’ feeding were compared. The rats in each group were executed at the end of 13 weeks of feeding, their blood and maxillary and common carotid artery tissues were extracted, and the pathological morphology of periodontal tissues and common carotid artery in each group was observed by HE staining, the level of serum ICAM-1 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of ICAM-1 expression in periodontal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results At the end of 12 weeks’ feeding, the body weight of the rats in all four groups was significantly higher than that before the experiment, but the periodontitis group, the atherosclerosis group and the periodontitis with atherosclerosis group were significantly lower than the normal group（all P＜0.05）, and the periodontitis with atherosclerosis group was significantly lower than the periodontitis group and the atherosclerosis group（all P＜0.05）. At the end of 13 weeks of feeding, the gingival bleeding index and probing depth of rats in the periodontitis group and periodontitis with atherosclerosis group were significantly higher than those in the normal group and atherosclerosis group（all P＜0.05）, and those in the periodontitis with atherosclerosis group were significantly higher than those in the periodontitis group（all P＜0.05）. HE staining showed that the gingival intraepithelial inflammation was more serious in the periodontitis with atherosclerosis group than that in the periodontitis group, and the vascular inflammation was more serious than that in the atherosclerosis group. The serum ICAM-1 levels and the mean optical density values of positive ICAM-1 expression in periodontal tissues were significantly higher in the periodontitis group, atherosclerosis group and periodontitis with atherosclerosis group than those in the normal group（all P＜0.05）, and the periodontitis with atherosclerosis group was significantly higher than the periodontitis group and atherosclerosis group（all P＜0.05）. Conclusion ICAM-1 expression was higher in both serum and periodontal tissues of rats with periodontitis and atherosclerosis, i.e., there was a significant inflammatory response in both diseases, and there may have a relationship of mutual influence and mutual promotion.

目的 研究甘氨酸喷砂与SRP联合使用及SRP单独使用对牙周临床指标的改善情况及对伴防线聚集杆菌(Aa)含量变化的影响,为今后牙周炎治疗选择提供数据资料.方法 按随机原则选取2018年3月至2018年11月就诊的慢性牙周炎的患者24例,分为2组,试验组:GPAP+SRP,对照组:SRP.在基础治疗前及治疗后1个月,对所有参与实验的患者进行准确的全口牙周临床指标检查并详细记录,包括:牙周探诊深度PD、临床附着丧失AL、菌斑指数PLI和探诊后出血BOP阳性率百分比.用无菌纸尖在试验组[喷砂治疗前(基线)、喷砂治疗后1周、刮治后1周及1个月]和对照组[治疗前1周(基线)、刮治前、刮治后1周、刮治后1个月]探诊深度为4～6 mm的位点中随机选择两个位于不同象限位点的牙周袋进行龈沟液样本采集,每次采集位点保持一致.实验结束后,采用实时荧光定量反应法(Real-time PCR)检测2组样本中Aa含量.结果 2组样本全口牙周临床检查指标基线水平无明显差异(P>0.05),术后30 d各临床指标均变化明显,治疗后PD、AL、PLI、BOP及均呈现明显的下降趋势,组内差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).甘氨酸喷砂后,试验组Aa所占总菌含量的百分比较喷砂前均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,2组样本Aa相对总菌含量的百分比均较治疗前降低,而2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 甘氨酸喷砂联合龈下刮治术与单独使用龈下刮治术相比,牙周临床检查指标均呈明显下降的趋势,牙周袋内的致病菌Aa相对含量的百分比明显减少,说明两种方案具有相同的治疗效果.

目的:通过比较观察雷尼酸锶对大鼠实验性牙周炎治疗后牙周组织中骨代谢因子OPG、RANKL的影响,评估雷尼酸锶对牙周炎大鼠的治疗作用,为雷尼酸锶辅助牙周治疗提供科学依据.方法:将50只3月龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组(10只/组).(1)正常组;(2)牙周炎组;(3)牙周炎局部治疗组;(4)牙周炎雷尼酸锶治疗组;(5)牙周炎局部治疗联合雷尼酸锶治疗组.采用正畸钢丝结扎大鼠双侧上颌第一磨牙牙颈部建立大鼠牙周炎模型.结扎4周后,除正常组外的其余4组各随机抽取2只大鼠鉴定牙周炎模型.结扎8周后,牙周炎局部治疗组通过去除钢丝、牙周袋局部上碘甘油建立牙周炎局部治疗模型,牙周炎雷尼酸锶治疗组采取雷尼酸锶灌胃建立药物治疗模型,牙周炎局部治疗联合雷尼酸锶治疗组去除钢丝、牙周袋局部上药,同时雷尼酸锶灌胃.牙周炎局部治疗和药物治疗8周后处死所有大鼠,制作牙周组织连续切片,观察牙周组织的改变情况;计量牙周附着丧失情况的变化;进行免疫组化染色,观察牙周组织中OPG、RANKL的变化情况,评价雷尼酸锶对牙周炎的治疗效果.结果:在牙周局部治疗后、雷尼酸锶治疗后,牙周炎症减轻,牙周袋变浅,牙周组织中OPG显著升高,RANKL显著降低,在牙周局部和雷尼酸锶联合治疗组尤为明显.结论:雷尼酸锶作为骨质疏松治疗药物,能够明显改善牙周组织中的骨代谢因子OPG、RANKL,对实验性牙周炎有明确的治疗作用,可以为牙周炎的药物治疗提供新的治疗思路.

目的:通过对Ⅱ型糖尿病牙周炎大鼠进行槲皮素干预,观察大鼠牙周组织的组织学变化、牙槽骨吸收量、血糖值变化以及血清晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)的变化,探讨槲皮素对糖尿病牙周炎大鼠牙周组织的保护作用.方法:40只雄性SD大鼠,随机分成4组:空白对照组(N组)、牙周炎对照组(P组)、糖尿病牙周炎非治疗组(DP组)和糖尿病牙周炎槲皮素治疗组(DP+Q组).N组正常喂养,P组建立牙周炎模型,DP组和DP+Q组建立糖尿病牙周炎模型,每组10只.建模成功后DP+Q组灌喂槲皮素脂质体,DP组灌喂空白脂质体,给药6周后测量各组血糖值,ELISA法测量血清AGEs含量,取上颌骨做牙周组织切片观察牙周组织病理变化,测量牙槽骨吸收量.结果:P组牙槽骨吸收量、牙周组织炎症水平高于N组(P<0.05);DP组血糖值、血清AGEs含量、牙周组织炎症程度、牙槽骨吸收量均高于N组和P组(P<0.05);DP+Q组大鼠血糖值、血清AGEs含量、牙周组织炎症水平、牙槽骨吸收量均低于DP组(P<0.05).结论:槲皮素对糖尿病牙周炎大鼠的牙周组织有保护效果,其作用机制与降低血糖值与血清AGEs含量有关.

目的:通过观察雷尼酸锶对大鼠实验性牙周炎治疗后牙槽骨组织中酸性磷酸酶及碱性磷酸酶的变化,评估雷尼酸锶对实验性牙周炎的治疗作用,为应用雷尼酸锶治疗牙周炎提供理论依据和实验参考.方法:选取50只3月龄雄性SD大鼠,随机分为5组:正常组(A组)、牙周炎组(B组)、牙周炎局部治疗组(C组)、牙周炎雷尼酸锶治疗组(D组)、牙周炎局部治疗+雷尼酸锶治疗组(E组),每组10只.所有的实验性牙周炎大鼠通过正畸钢丝结扎双侧上颌第一磨牙建立牙周炎模型,C、E组通过去除结扎丝、局部上药建立实验性牙周炎局部治疗模型,D、E组通过雷尼酸锶灌胃建立雷尼酸锶治疗模型;大鼠钢丝结扎4周后随机抽取大鼠鉴定牙周炎模型成功,钢丝结扎8周后建立牙周炎局部治疗模型,雷尼酸锶治疗组自钢丝结扎8周后开始灌胃治疗.牙周治疗、药物治疗8周后处死大鼠,制作牙周组织切片,观察牙周组织变化情况;计数牙周单位面积成骨细胞和破骨细胞数目;进行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色(TRAP)及碱性磷酸酶染色,评价牙槽骨的变化.结果:在牙周局部治疗、雷尼酸锶治疗后,牙周炎症减轻,牙周袋变浅,单位面积破骨细胞显著减少,成骨细胞数量显著增多,在牙周局部治疗和雷尼酸锶联合治疗组尤为明显.结论:雷尼酸锶作为骨质疏松治疗药物,也能对实验性牙周炎产生确定的疗效,可以为牙周炎的综合治疗提供新的治疗思路.

目的 探讨Er:YAG激光处理早期窝沟龋并用Constic自粘接流动树脂进行预防性充填后的边缘封闭效果.方法 收集患有窝沟龋的前磨牙或磨牙60颗,随机分为4组(n=15).A、B组用传统涡轮手机备洞,C、D组用Er:YAG激光备洞;A、C组酸蚀并涂布粘结剂后,用F03流体树脂充填;B、D组用Constic自粘接流动树脂直接充填.4组牙经冷热循环后,染色,体式显微镜下拍照,测量渗入深度,并在扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)下观察充填体与牙体组织的间隙.结果 4组微渗漏程度为B组>A组>D组>C组,C组、D组的微渗漏分别低于A、B组(P<0.05),C组与其它3组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组与B、D组间无显著性差异(P>0.05).SEM观察4组充填体与牙体组织间隙宽度为B组>A组>D组>C组,除A、D组相比无统计学差异(P>0.05)外,其余各组两两相比均有统计学差异.结论 Consic自粘接流动树脂抗微渗漏效果较F03流体树脂差,Er:YAG激光备洞能提高Consic自粘接流动树脂预防性树脂充填边缘封闭性.

目的 利用牙周内窥镜去除基础治疗后残留的龈下牙石,比较牙周内窥镜辅助治疗前后不同牙位的探诊深度、松动度变化,探讨牙周内窥镜辅助牙周基础治疗的适用范围.方法 按照纳入标准,选择被确诊为慢性牙周炎患者12例,患者均在牙周基础治疗后3个月复诊时发现残存≥4 mm牙周袋,对残存牙周袋进行牙周内窥镜辅助治疗,3个月时复诊,每次复诊时采用Florida探针系统记录牙周情况,包括探诊深度(probing depth,PD)、探诊出血(bleeding on probing,BOP)、牙齿松动度等.以牙周基础治疗后3个月为基线,根据牙根形态、探诊深度及牙齿松动度分组,分析基线时与内窥镜治疗后3个月时每组的变化.结果 经内窥镜治疗后3个月,残留中度牙周袋(4 mm≤PD<6 mm)的单根牙和多根牙PD值及BOP位点百分比与基线时相比明显降低,差异有统计学意义;但对于重度牙周袋,6 mm≤PD<8 mm时,单根牙及多根牙PD值及BOP位点百分比均较基线时降低,单根牙比多根牙降低更明显,差异有统计学意义;PD≥8 mm时,单根牙及多根牙PD值及BOP位点百分比均改善不明显,差异无明显统计学意义.牙齿松动度总改善率为55.29％(47/85),并随松动度加重改善率下降.结论 牙周内窥镜辅助牙周基础治疗可改善牙周袋深度,探诊出血,松动度,尤其是单根牙PD<8 mm时效果良好,在一定程度上可避免牙周手术.

目的:采用Meta分析的方法比较树脂充填和嵌体修复治疗牙体缺损2年后修复体及剩余牙体组织的完整性,为选择最佳的牙体缺损修复方式提供实验参考.方法:检索国内外公开发表的探讨树脂充填和嵌体修复治疗牙体缺损2年后修复体及剩余牙体组织完整性的临床随机对照试验研究,检索时限均为建库至2019年6月.由两位研究者进行文献筛选、提取资料,采用RevMan5.3软件和Stata 11.0软件进行Meta分析.结果:共筛选出符合本次Meta分析纳入标准文献4篇,共380个研究对象(其中嵌体修复222例,树脂充填158例)被纳入修复体及剩余牙体组织完整性的评价.Meta分析结果显示嵌体修复较树脂充填治疗牙体缺损2年后完整性高(RR=0.51,95％CI:[0.31,0.82],P=0.005,I2=0％),敏感性分析显示结果稳健性较好,不存在发表偏倚.结论:嵌体修复较树脂充填治疗牙体缺损2年后修复体及剩余牙体组织的完整性高.

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on the inflammatory process of periodontitis by evaluating bone loss and the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and Src homology phosphotyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP‐2).Materials and MethodsEighty 6‐month‐old male SD rats were randomized into four groups (10 rats/group/per time point): (a) normal group, (b) ETS group, (c) ligature‐induced periodontitis group, and (d) ligature‐induced periodontitis + ETS group. After treatment with ligature and/or ETS for 8 and 12 weeks, the levels of alveolar bone resorption and the expressions of COX‐2 and SHP‐2 in periodontal tissue were analyzed using histology and immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe ligature‐induced periodontitis group displayed increased bone resorption and elevated expression of COX‐2 and SHP‐2 in periodontal tissues compared to the normal and ETS groups at 8 and 12 weeks. Furthermore, bone resorption and COX‐2 and SHP‐2 levels in the ligature‐induced periodontitis + ETS group were significantly increased compared to those in the normal and ligature‐induced periodontitis groups at both 8 and 12 weeks.ConclusionEnvironmental tobacco smoke increased alveolar bone loss in periodontitis with enhanced expression of COX‐2 and SHP‐2 in periodontal tissues. Further investigation is needed to explore the role of COX‐2 and SHP‐2 in ETS‐associated periodontitis.

牙周病(periodontal disease)是由牙菌斑微生物及其代谢产物作用下引起牙齿支持组织的慢性破坏性感染性疾病,是导致成人口腔牙缺失的主要原因. 动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)及其相关疾病如冠心病、脑中风等心脑血管疾病是严重危害人类健康的常见病,目前在世界范围内有很高的发病率及死亡率[2].目前,大多数学者认为AS的形成是各种损伤因子致动脉壁内皮功能障碍后产生的过度炎症性反应[3].AS的核心发病机制主要包括炎症、免疫反应及氧化应激反应等,它们参与了AS从发生到发展以及恶化的所有过程[4,5].

目的 通过分析临床弃用ProTaper机用镍钛锉的损伤情况,探讨镍钛锉损伤发生的机制和应对措施,为临床安全使用镍钛根管器械和弃用镍钛锉提供参考和指导制定标准.方法 收集科室6个月临床弃用的ProTaper机用镍钛锉1095支,用体视显微镜观察损伤情况,游标卡尺测量断锉的长度,并对结果进行统计学分析处理.结果 1095支根管镍钛锉中,有110支发生器械分离,113支发生塑性形变,116支发生切割刃磨耗.结论 发现SX、S1锉出现塑性形变及器械分离的比例较高,S2、F1、F2切割刃磨损占比较高.建议降低根管镍钛锉的使用次数;每次使用镍钛锉后注意观察小号锉尖端位置;在预备弯曲根管后,用40倍及以上的体视显微镜观察镍钛锉损伤情况,可以预警器械分离的发生.

目的:观察变形链球菌对碳酸饮料导致的脱矿牙釉质的脱矿加速情况,通过加入厚朴酚液,抑制变形链球菌进而减慢釉质块的脱矿情况,为临床中碳酸饮料所致牙釉质脱矿的患者,减缓牙釉质继续脱矿致龋选择疗效较好的药物治疗提供实验依据和参考.方法:将因正畸拔除的前磨牙截根,将牙冠制备成5 mm×5 mm×2 mm的近远中釉质块,每日置于碳酸饮料雪碧中30 min×4次,每次间隔2 h,连续3周,制备人工脱矿模型.将脱矿后的釉质块置于人工唾液中37℃恒温水浴,使之形成获得性膜.所有釉质块随机分为生理盐水组(A组),变形链球菌混悬液组(B组),菌液A值=1,变形链球菌混悬液+厚朴酚组(C组),厚朴酚浓度为6.3 mg/L,每组20个,于37℃厌氧箱培养3周后,显微硬度仪检测牙釉质表面硬度,扫描电镜观察牙釉质表面,激光共聚焦显微镜观察牙釉质的荧光图像.结果:A、B、C三组釉质块脱矿后较脱矿前显微硬度值明显降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);药物处理后,A组和C组釉质块显微硬度值无显著差异,且两组数值明显高于B组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).扫描电镜观察B组釉质表面粗糙,大量釉柱断裂形成大小不等的孔隙,大量细菌附着,A组釉质表面部分孔隙变浅甚至消失,C组釉质表面孔隙明显减少,少量细菌附着.激光共聚焦显微镜观察B组荧光染料沉积多,荧光面积和荧光强度大,A组和C组荧光染料沉积较B组少,荧光面积和荧光强度小.结论:变形链球菌能够加速碳酸性脱矿牙釉质的脱矿速度;厚朴酚能够通过抑制变形链球菌,减慢碳酸性脱矿牙釉质的脱矿速度,进而减缓龋病的进展.

目的:研究镍钛机用器械联合超声冲洗对慢性根尖周炎患牙根管内毒素的清除效果。方法:临床选择上颌前牙慢性根尖周炎30例,随机分为3组,A组镍钛机用器械预备常规冲洗,B组镍钛机用器械预备后无菌蒸馏水超声冲洗1min,C组镍钛机用器械预备后3%次氯酸钠溶液超声冲洗1min,检测患牙机械预备、超声冲洗后根管内毒素的含量变化。结果:3组患牙治疗前内毒素含量的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;A、B、C三组治疗后内毒素含量分别为（8.52±2.04）EU/mL,（1.61±0.41）EU/mL,（0.22±0.11）EU/mL,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:镍钛机用器械联合超声冲洗对根管内毒素有良好的清除作用;镍钛机用器械预备后以3%次氯酸钠溶液超声冲洗1min对根管内毒素的清除效果优于无菌蒸馏水超声冲洗1min。

目的 研究Nd:YAG激光照射、超声冲洗及氢氧化钙封药等根管消毒方法对慢性根尖周炎患牙根管内毒素的清除效果.方法 选择临床诊断为慢性根尖周炎的上颌单根管前牙30颗,随机分为3组,镍钛器械常规预备后,分别采用Nd:YAG激光照射(A组)、超声冲洗(B组)及常规氢氧化钙封药(C组)等方法进行根管消毒,检测各组患牙治疗前后根管内内毒素的含量变化.结果 3组患牙治疗前内毒素含量的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A、B、C 3组患牙治疗前、预备后、治疗后内毒素含量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 Nd:YAG激光照射、超声冲洗、氢氧化钙封药3种消毒方法均有较强清除灭活根管内毒素作用;50mjNd:YAG激光消毒1min或无菌蒸馏水超声冲洗1min可起到与氢氧化钙封药相同的根管内毒素清除效果.

目的 探讨Nd∶YAG激光消毒对慢性根尖周炎患牙感染根管内毒素的清除灭活效果.方法 选择临床诊断为慢性根尖周炎的单根管患牙20例,常规镍钛器械预备后分别采用Nd∶YAG激光照射消毒和传统氢氧化钙根管内封药两种根管消毒方法,检测两组患牙治疗前后根管内内毒素的含量变化.结果 Nd∶YAG激光消毒组治疗前后内毒素水平分别为57.974EU/ml,0.032EU/ml (P＜0.01);氢氧化钙封药组治疗前后内毒素水平分别为56.925EU/ml,0.042EU/ml(P＜0.01);两组治疗后内毒素水平的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 50mj,15 Hz Nd∶YAG激光照射60s对感染根管内毒素清除效果好.

Objective To provide reference for accurate application of CBCT in clinic,the root canal wall thickness of sealer and hot gutta percha,fiber post and titanium post was measured by CBCT.Methods There were 50 premolars extracted for orthodontics were cutoff along cemento-enamel junction,and randomly divided into the normal group,root canal preparation group,root canal filling group,fiber post group,titanium post group equally.Each group of the root canal orifices closed with glass ionomer cement.Then they were scaned by CBCT,and the images were recorded by light disk.After the central line of the mesial and distal positioned,the measurement points were fixed from the apical part to cemento-enamel junction with interval 3mm,then the root canal wall thickness at the fixed points were measured with software.Each teeth were cut along the buccolingual direction,the measurement points were fixed from the apical part to cemento-enamel junction with interval 3mm,then the root canal wall thickness at the fixed points were measured by vernier caliper.Results There was no significant difference in the measurement of the root canal wall thickness between CBCT and vernier caliper (P＞0.05).Conclusion Because of three-dimensional imaging ability,CBCT can accurately distinguish the dentin and root canal contents,and has a precise advantage in measuring the wall thickness of the root canal.So using CBCT can reduce the risk of root canal perforation.

Objective:To observe the effects of different materials on remineralization of demineralized enamel caused by carbonated beverage.Methods:Extracted premolars for orthodontic purpose were randomly divided into demineralized group (group A),distilled water treatment group (group B),and penetrating resin treatment group (group C).All teeth were divided into mesial and distal enamel blocks,which were soaked in sprite to establish the demineralization model.Then,the enamel surfaces of group A were covered with acid-resistant nail polish,and the enamel surfaces of group B and group C were treated with distilled water and penetrating resin,respectively.All enamel blocks were placed in artificial saliva for remineralization at 37℃ room temperature water bath for 8 weeks.Six mesial enamel blocks were respectively randomly selected in the A&B&C group.The microstructures of the en amel surface were observed under scanning electron microscope.The fluorescence images of remaining mesial enamel blocks were taken under the laser scanning confocal microscope.The micro-Vickers hardness test was used to evaluate the hardness of distal enamel blocks.Results:Under scanning electron microscope,the enamel surfaces of group A were rough and unequal size pore structure formed by a large number of fractured enamel rod.Enamel surfaces of group B showed a small amount of mineral deposition,and some pores became shallow or disappeared.Enamel surfaces of group C were smooth with no obvious pores.Under the laser scanning confocal microscope,the fluorescence area and intensity of group A were strong,and the fluorescence area and intensity of group B and group C were decreased,and the degree of attenuation in group C was more obvious than that in group B.The microhardness value of group B and group C was higher than that of before remineralization,and the increased value of group C was higher than that of group B (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Penetrating resin has a positive therapeutic effect on experimental and demineralized enamel caused by carbonated beverage.