Silicon, as a promising candidate for anode materials of next-generation lithium-ion batteries with high energy density, has suffered from severe capacity degradation and unstable solid electrolyte interface induced by the huge volume change during cycling. Employing yolk-shell design has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to alleviate this issue by incorporating void spaces and an electrolyte blocking layer into the structure. However, introduction of void spaces inevitably reduces the volumetric capacity of Si anodes. Herein, a rational yolk-shell structure with tailored void spaces targeting the expansion behaviors of polycrystalline silicon has been designed that achieved high void space utilization upon lithiation via a novel water-etching approach. Uniform and welldefined void spaces were formed in the one-step water etching process that accommodated the quasi-isotropic expansion of polycrystalline silicon nanoparticles with minimal redundant void spaces. The yolk-shell structure remained intact during cycling that enabled a stable solid electrolyte interface to be formed on the conformal double-walled shell. Such engineered yolk-shell endowed the Si-based anodes with maximized void space utilization and constant structural integrity, delivered a high volumetric capacity (1773 mAh cm- 3), an outstanding cycling stability (capacity retention of 90.4% after 1000 cycles), and a remarkable coulombic efficiency (99.88%).

Grain boundary diffusion process has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the coercivity of high Ce-substituted magnets. However, achieving a high diffusion depth of heavy rare earth elements (HREs) remains challenging owing to the unclear interaction mechanism between HREs and REFe2 (1:2) phase. In this study, the diffusion behaviors of Ho, Dy, and Tb in high Ce-substituted magnets were systematically investigated through parallel diffusion experiments. Results demonstrate that Ho diffusion produces the most uniform shell structure and the greatest diffusion depth, whereas Dy and Tb undergo severe lattice diffusion near the diffusion surface. Electron probe microanalysis shows that HREs preferentially enter the 1:2 phase and utilize it as a diffusion path. The increasing substitution energies of Ho, Dy, and Tb in the 1:2 phase lead to a corresponding decrease in diffusion rate, ultimately yielding these distinct diffusion behaviors. Furthermore, improvements in coercivity and thermal stability induced by Ho, Dy, and Tb diffusion do not correlate directly with their diffusion performance but are primarily governed by the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of the HRE-rich shells. The elucidation of HRE diffusion characteristics in high Ce-substituted sintered magnets provides valuable insights into the rational design of HRE-containing diffusion sources.

Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) exhibit unique electronic, optical, and magnetic properties, making them highly promising for applications in electrocatalysis, energy storage, and spintronics. Among various synthesis methods, solution‐phase approaches are particularly attractive due to their scalability, cost‐effectiveness, and compatibility with emerging AI‐guided strategies for materials design. This review summarizes recent progress in the solution‐phase synthesis and optimization of TMCs, covering methods such as hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis, colloidal routes, template‐assisted strategies, AI‐driven solution processing, and energy‐assisted liquid exfoliation. These techniques provide versatile routes to precisely tune structural, morphological, and compositional features, as well as construct heterostructures with enhanced performance. Special emphasis is placed on how solution‐phase methods enable property control and facilitate integration into practical devices. Key challenges, such as achieving environmentally sustainable processes, scalable fabrication, and rational AI‐assisted design, are also discussed. Future directions include green synthesis, innovative heterostructures, and advanced computational frameworks to accelerate discovery and application. Overall, this review aims to provide a concise and up‐to‐date resource for researchers exploring solution‐processed TMCs and their multifunctional applications.

The synthesis of freestanding, room-temperature ferromagnetic two-dimensional (2D) materials from non-layered three-dimensional (3D) lattices, where isotropic bonding resists anisotropic 2D growth, remains a fundamental challenge. Here, we address this by developing a ligand-mediated colloidal strategy to produce freestanding CuCr2Te4 nanosheets with controlled thickness and robust room-temperature ferromagnetism. Unlike substrate-dependent methods like chemical vapor deposition (CVD), our approach leverages facet-selective ligands to drive a Cu1.43Te-to-CuCr2Te4 cation exchange pathway, enabling anisotropic growth of ultrathin nanosheets with preserved cubic close-packed order. Mechanistic studies reveal that oleyl alcohol stabilizes (111) facets during the transformation, suppressing strain and phase impurities (e.g., Cr2Te3) while ensuring ambient stability. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements confirm a Curie temperature (TC) above 300 K for thin nanosheets. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals that Cu doping enhances Cr-3d/Te-5p hybridization, leading to an increased spin-polarized density of states near the Fermi level, which in turn strengthens ferromagnetic exchange interactions. By decoupling synthesis from substrates and resolving growth pathways, this work establishes a scalable route to air-stable 2D magnets, advancing spintronic materials design with tunable anisotropy and thickness-dependent functionality.

The design and synthesis of molecules featuring both boron and silicon moieties hold significant promise for delivering unique reactivity patterns and material properties. Herein, a titanium-catalyzed selective hydroboration of the C(sp3)-Si bonds in silacyclobutanes for the synthesis of boryl-functionalized hydrosilanes is developed. Our protocol accommodates a broad range of structurally distinct silacyclobutanes, affording a diverse library of boryl-functionalized hydrosilanes (R2B~link~Si-H). The free Si-H and boryl functional groups allow for their seamless integration into synthetic chemistry and many other research areas. The facile synthesis of sila-substituted drug molecules via our strategy is also demonstrated. Furthermore, our methodology is successfully extended to the hydrogenation of the C(sp3)-Si bond using H2 gas, offering a general route to synthesize a broad spectrum of heteroleptic-substituted hydrosilanes, including their deuterated derivatives. Mechanistic investigations, complemented by DFT calculations, reveal an unusual two-electron process at the titanium metal center. The essence of the selective activation of C(sp3)-Si bonds over C(sp2)-Si in silacyclobutanes by titanium catalyst is elucidated.

Polymetallic sulfides have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their exceptional compositional tunability and excellent catalytic activity. However, stability is a huge challenge for large-scale alkaline water electrolysis. In this work, we introduce highly electronegative Ag species together with an amorphous CoWFeNiAgSx (Ag/CWFNASx) to substantially enhance both the activity and durability of sulfide-based catalysts. The integration of Ag induces favorable electron redistribution among adjacent Co, Fe, and Ni centers, downshifting the d-band center and weakening M─O bonds to trigger a mechanistic transition from AEM to the LOM, thereby lowering the OER barriers. When implemented as the anode in an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) device, the catalyst delivers an ultralow cell voltage of 1.87 V at 1 A/cm2 and exhibits exceptional operational stability with a voltage decay of 0.21 mV/h over 600 h at 60°C. The stability arises from the synergy between the amorphous framework and Ag doping. The framework buffers strain via bond reconfiguration, and Ag doping prevents over-oxidation and dissolution of the active site. This study highlights a synergistic electronic and structural engineering strategy for achieving highly active and durable sulfide-based anodes for practical alkaline electrolysis.

ABSTRACT Fe 3 GeTe 2 has attracted considerable attention as a two‐dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnetic material owing to its exceptional electromagnetic properties and potential for spintronic applications. However, complex thermodynamic competition among multiple metal species, together with severe kinetic barriers associated with the transformation from dense non‐vdW frameworks to vdW layered structures, has thus far prevented the solution phase synthesis, thereby severely limiting in‐depth property research and mechanistic understanding. Here we report a colloidal anion exchange strategy that enables the solution phase synthesis of Fe 3 GeTe 2 . By combining experiments with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we identify an amorphous intermediate that kinetically decouples compositional evolution from structural reconstruction, thereby lowering the energy barrier and enabling a crystalline–amorphism–recrystalline phase transition. In this process, anion exchange induces symmetry breaking of the initial lattice and subsequent structural reorganization, ultimately driving the transformation from a non‐vdW framework to vdW layered structure. Moreover, this strategy is readily extended to other 2D material systems, leading to the successful synthesis of paramagnetic CuFeTe 2 and NiTe 2 as well as topological layered Bi 2 Te 3 , thereby establishing a general methodological pathway for accessing complex 2D vdW layered magnetic materials.

With the growing demand for high-performance sintered NdFeB magnets, achieving high coercivity while minimizing the consumption of heavy rare earth (HRE) elements has emerged as a critical challenge. Here, we propose a novel strategy that leverages competitive lattice diffusion between Dy and Tb elements via a two-step grain boundary diffusion process (GBDP), which significantly reduces the usage of the scarce Tb element. This approach enables a substantial enhancement in coercivity (> 10 kOe) with an ultra-low Tb content of 0.18 wt%, far below the 0.65 wt% Tb required by the conventional single-step Tb diffusion process. Microstructural characterizations revealed that the Dy-enriched shell formed on the surface of the magnet during the first-step Dy diffusion effectively prevents the lattice diffusion of Tb within the Dy2Fe14B shell during the second-step Tb diffusion. This mechanism significantly promoted Tb migration along grain boundaries and facilitated the formation of a Tb-rich shell in deeper magnet regions. First-principles calculations and phase-field simulations further demonstrated that the positive substitution energy of Tb for Dy atoms in the Dy2Fe14B shell drives this lattice competition behavior. The large-scale distribution of HRE elements and the formation of multi-layered gradient core-shell structures within the magnet are identified as the key factors underlying the remarkable coercivity improvement. These findings offer a critical theoretical foundation and feasible diffusion route, holding significant guiding value for advancing the green, high-performance development of NdFeB magnets.

The surging demand for high-performance NdFeB magnets has made it essential to achieve ultrahigh coercivity while minimizing the consumption of heavy rare earths. To tackle this challenge, this study proposes a Dy/Tb bilayer grain boundary diffusion strategy and systematically investigates the co-diffusion behavior of Dy and Tb. Benefiting from Dy/Tb co-diffusion, the diffused magnet (N50/Dy3 mu m/Tb11 mu m, using 3 mu m Dy and 11 mu m Tb as diffusion sources) achieves a super-high coercivity of 22.66 kOe representing a 10.10 kOe increase over the pristine N50 magnet (12.56 kOe). Notably, the remanence and maximum magnetic energy product remain largely preserved (B r = 14.21 kGs (BH)max = 50.47 MGOe), showing only marginal reductions (1.73% and 1.45%, respectively), approaching the performance of commercial G52 SHB super-high coercivity NdFeB magnets. This coercivity enhancement is primarily attributed to the markedly increased grain boundary diffusion coefficients of Dy and Tb. Specifically, the Dy diffusion rate increases from (6.68 +/- 0.41) & times; 10-8 to (1.28 +/- 0.32) & times; 10-6 mm2 s-1, whereas the Tb diffusion rate rises from (2.73 +/- 0.34) & times; 10-7 to (7.31 +/- 1.34) & times; 10-7 mm2 s-1. The accelerated HRE transport promotes the formation of continuous (Nd,Dy,Tb)2Fe14B core-shell structures, and their widespread distribution throughout the magnet is identified as the key microstructural origin of the enhanced coercivity. These findings offer clear guidance for the design of diffusion sources in next-generation high-performance sintered NdFeB magnets. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (Dy) (sic)(sic)( Tb) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)Dy/Tb(sic)(sic)(sic)( N50/Dy3 mu m/Tb11 mu m) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)22.66 kOe, (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)N50(sic)(sic)( 12.56 kOe) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)10.10 kOe.(sic)(sic), N50/Dy3 mu m/Tb11 mu m(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)( 14.21 kGs) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)( 50.47 MGOe) (sic)(sic)(sic)1.73%(sic)1.45%, (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)G52 SHB(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)NdFeB(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)Dy(sic)Tb(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic): (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), Dy(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (6.68 +/- 0.41) & times; 10-8 mm2 s-1(sic)(sic)(sic) (1.28 +/- 0.32) & times; 10-6 mm2 s-1( (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)) , Tb(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (2.73 +/- 0.34) & times; 10-7 mm2 s-1 (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (7.31 +/- 1.34) & times; 10-7 mm2 s-1.(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)Dy,Tb(sic)(Nd,Dy,Tb)2Fe14B(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)Dy-Tb(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)NdFeB(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).

Rare earth permanent magnets (REPMs) are key materials for wind power, electric mobility, and other lowcarbon technologies. However, their development is constrained by elemental criticality, demanding service performance requirements, and incomplete end-of-life circularity. Previous reviews and full-life-cycle studies have examined rare-earth magnet chemistry, compositional complexity, and circularity routes. However, the route-dependent link between specific microstructural modification histories and recovery feasibility remains insufficiently clarified and systematized across major REPM families. This review proposes a route-aware, evidence-graded framework for NdFeB, SmCo, and SmFeN magnets, treating recyclability as a function of processing history, modification history, service-induced evolution, feedstock provenance, recovery-route maturity, and target product form. This work analyzes how grain boundary diffusion, microalloying, densification, and coating strategies improve coercivity, thermal stability, and corrosion resistance, while also altering separability, pretreatment demand, impurity carryover, route compatibility, and short-loop quality. These effects are not universal penalties: hydrogen-assisted processing and other route-tolerant pathways can preserve recovery feasibility for selected NdFeB-rich feeds. The evidence base is uneven: NdFeB is comparatively route-supported, SmCo is materialspecific but route-limited, and SmFeN remains largely mechanism-inferred. This review therefore indicates that recyclability should be considered as an upstream design constraint rather than only as a downstream corrective measure. This review defines the framework as a literature-based screening tool rather than a validated predictive model, and outlines how LCA, TEA, scale-aware reporting, and digital product passports can support full-life-cycle co-design of high-performance and recyclable REPMs.

Lanthanide-based metal-organic frameworks are regarded as promising next-generation scintillators because of their characteristic X-ray excited luminescence, low detection limit, and high imaging resolution, but high light yield and spatial resolution of LnMOFs are still a challenge for realizing commercial applications. Herein, we synthesize LnMIP (MIP = 5-methoxyisophthalic acid) by the stirring method in the water phase at room temperature. Due to the heavy lanthanide ions self and high energy transfer efficiency from ligand to lanthanide ions, LnMIP present nano level detection limit. The detection limit of TbMIP can reach 39.42 nGy & centerdot;s(-1). Notably, the light yield of TbMIP is up to 58700 photons MeV-1, which is the highest value among LnMOFs constructed by a single carboxyl ligand. The mechanism can be illustrated by the electron-hole transfer from active atoms to the singlet/triplet state of the ligand and the excited level of lanthanide emission centers. Based on the constructed flexible TbMIP@PDMS film, the practical imaging resolution of that film can be raised to 20 lp mm(-1). The work demonstrates the significant potential of LnMOFs, particularly those with high light yield like TbMIP, as next-generation scintillators for medical diagnostics and non-destructive testing, combining facile synthesis with superior performance.

The utilization of piezo-photocatalytic technology to achieve the efficient decomposition of antibiotics and stable CO2 reduction (dual-functional catalytic system) represents a cutting-edge approach for concurrently mitigating environmental pollution and the energy crisis. In this work, Ti3 C2 MXene quantum dots with high electrical conductivity were uniformly modified on the surface of three-dimensional flowerlike MoS2 , aiming to realize the piezo-photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) coupled with the reduction of CO2 to CO. Remarkably, the degradation rate constant of the optimal Ti3 C2 MXene quantum dots/MoS2 sample reached 0.178 min-1 , which was 7.7 times higher than that of pure MoS2 under single photocatalysis and 7.1 times higher than that under single piezocatalysis. Meanwhile, the CO yield rates reached 28 mu mol g-1 h-1 , which was 4.6 times and 6.5 times higher than that of the single catalytic systems based on MoS2 , respectively. The introduction of Ti3 C2 MXene quantum dots significantly enhanced the current density, charge transfer efficiency, and light absorption capacity, and also effectively suppressed the recombination of electron-hole pairs. This work provides a novel strategy for MoS2 -based composites to construct a dual-functional catalytic system via piezo-photocatalytic technology, offering a potential solution to address the concurrent challenges of environmental pollution and the energy crisis. (c) 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

The performance of the anode foil for aluminum electrolytic capacitors is primarily determined by its microstructure and dielectric properties. However, traditional electrochemical etching techniques face difficulties in meeting the increasing demand for high-capacity capacitors due to the inherent limitations of two-dimensional pore structures. This study investigates the impact of modulating the particle size of aluminum powder in additive manufacturing on the performance of anode foils. A comprehensive analysis is carried out on the correlation between the microstructure formed after stacking and sintering aluminum powders with different particle sizes and the resulting performance characteristics. The research shows that when the aluminum powder particle size is 4–5 μm, the anode foil forms a three-dimensional through-pore structure, with a specific capacitance of 1.022 μF/cm2, which is higher than that obtained by traditional etching methods. In contrast, when smaller particles (< 3–4 μm) are utilized, the specific capacitance drops significantly to below 0.3 μF/cm2. This decrease is attributed to pore blockage caused by sintering-induced melting and a substantial reduction in the total available surface area. On the other hand, larger particle sizes (> 4–5 μm) lead to a gradual decrease in specific capacitance, reaching 0.631 μF/cm2, mainly due to loose packing and reduced surface area. These findings confirm that the particle size of aluminum powder plays a decisive role in determining the performance of anode foils by influencing pore topology and the total available surface area. This study offers both theoretical support and practical guidance for optimizing particle size parameters in additive manufacturing processes for the production of high-performance anode foils.

The development of Fe-rich 2:17-type SmCo permanent magnets is crucial for achieving high performance, yet it has been persistently plagued by an inescapable performance trade-off. The high degree of order in the Fe-rich solid solution severely impedes the disordering phase transition and subsequent Cu segregation, leading to defective cellular structures and poor squareness and magnetic energy product. Herein, a novel cyclic heat treatment strategy is introduced that overturns the conventional paradigm of simply prolonging the solid solution time. By utilizing the existing nanoscale cellular structure as a precursor for secondary solution treatment, this strategy ingeniously engineers a rapid and complete boundary-initiated disordering pathway. Driven by Sm diffusion, the process rapidly consumes the ordered intracellular, leading to significant reduction in the degree of order within the solid solution. This optimized precursor enables the formation of a highly continuous and uniform cellular architecture with ideal Cu distribution during aging. Consequently, the magnet exhibits an ultra-high squareness of 87.8%, ultimately resulting in a recorded magnetic energy product of 282.9 kJ/m3 and intrinsic coercivity of 1846.7 kA/m. This work provides a new insight into regulating phase transition kinetics and paves the way for the development of permanent magnets with higher performance.

Grain boundary diffusion (GBD) has emerged as a prevalent technique for enhancing the performance of NdFeB magnets. However, the high density of the diffusion matrix makes it difficult for the effective diffusion depth to reach the millimeter scale. In this study, the semi-dense (SD) NdFeB magnets were fabricated by optimizing sintering conditions and subsequently employed as initial magnets for TbF3 GBD. Following Tb diffusion along the aligned direction (c-axis), an impressive effective diffusion depth of 1200 mu m and an outstanding coercivity of 2165 kA/m are achieved, attributed to the high permeability of the SD-NdFeB magnets. Moreover, enhanced thermal stability is obtained, with a coercivity temperature coefficient of-0.47%/degrees C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the formation of the (Nd,Tb)2Fe14B phase, which significantly contributes to the enhancement of the coercivity. Electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) analyses reveal that in the magnet with Tb diffusion along the c-axis, the Tb-rich shells extend deeper than those in the case of Tb diffusing perpendicular to the c-axis. This promotion stems from the anisotropic lattice diffusion of Tb and the anisotropic texture of the Nd-rich grain boundary phase. This work provides a guideline for the preparation of high-permeability matrices. (c) 2025 Chinese Society of Rare Earths. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

High Ce content in Nd-Ce-Fe-B magnets introduce the low magneto-crystalline anisotropy Ce2Fe14B phase and the high-melting CeFe2 phase, which act as barriers to heavy rare earth (HRE) grain boundary diffusion. Conventional approaches attempt to eliminate or modify this phase to mitigate the hindrance. However, this work instead employs a preheating treatment (PHT) to tailor its distribution, thereby transforming the refractory CeFe2 phase from a physical obstacle into an active regulator of diffusion.The results demonstrate that PHT modifies subsequent diffusion kinetics by thickening the surface CeFe2 layer. Compared with conventional direct diffusion, conducting Tb diffusion subsequent to PHT significantly restricts the intragranular diffusion of Tb into the matrix phase, thereby mitigating the magnetic moment cancellation induced by Tb-Fe antiferromagnetic coupling. Concurrently, this strategy spatially confines Tb to the grain boundaries, forming a thin, continuous Tb-rich shell and altering the rare-earth element distribution near Zr-rich intergranular regions to yield a steeper concentration gradient. These engineered microstructural features enhance magnetic decoupling between adjacent matrix grains and strengthen domain wall pinning. Regarding thermal stability, the thinner Tb-rich shell and lower Tb content accelerate remanence degradation at elevated temperatures, increasing |α|. Conversely, the continuous intergranular phase and steep gradient stabilize reverse domain nucleation suppression at high temperatures, decreasing |β|. Thus, the PHT + Tb80 diff. strategy sacrifices remanence thermal stability to gain higher room-temperature remanence and improved coercivity thermal stability.

Enhancing Li2S deposition and oxidation kinetics in lithium-sulfur batteries, especially the potential-limiting step under lean electrolyte, can be effectively achieved by developing conductive catalysts. In this study, by using ZnMoO4 as precursors, Zn-doped molybdenum carbide microflowers (Zn-Mo2C) composed of speared porous sheets are fabricated with a hierarchically ordered structure. Density functional theory calculations indicate that Zn doping shifts the d-band center on Mo atoms in Mo2C upward, promotes the elevation of certain antibonding orbitals in Mo─S bonds above the Fermi level, enhances d-p interaction between lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and catalysts, weakens both S─S and Li─S bonds of LiPSs. Incorporating Zn significantly reduces the Gibbs free energy barrier for the rate-limiting step of the Li2S2 → Li2S conversion, from 0.52 eV for Mo2C to just 0.05 eV for Zn-doped Mo2C. Thus, the synthesized Zn-Mo2C demonstrates impressive bifunctional electrocatalytic performance, significantly advancing sulfur reduction and Li2S decomposition. Moreover, this modification enhances charge transfer within the Zn-Mo2C/LiPSs system, synergistically accelerating the kinetics of Li2S4 to Li2S reduction and Li2S oxidation. The Zn-Mo2C/S cathode demonstrates impressive electrochemical performance, achieves remarkable cycling stability with a minimal capacity decay of 0.021% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 5 C, underscoring its potential for high-energy applications.

Magneto–photo coupling offers a promising strategy to enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for efficient energy conversion. Here, a synergistic approach that integrates an external magnetic field with visible‐light irradiation to regulate the electronic structure of hollow NiCo 2 O 4 microboxes is demonstrated. The unique hollow cubic architecture, assembled from 2D nanosheets, ensures abundant active sites and robust structural stability. Magnetic stimulation induces non‐collinear spin reorientation and enhanced spin polarization, increasing the electronic density of states near the Fermi level to facilitate charge transport and optimize intermediate adsorption. Concurrently, light irradiation generates photocarriers that accelerate charge separation and reaction kinetics. Benefiting from this synergy, the catalyst delivers a 204.4 mV reduction in overpotential at 10 mA·cm −2 and a 115.8 mV·dec −1 improvement in Tafel slope, demonstrating superior activity and long‐term stability. First‐principles calculations confirm that the cooperative effect of magnetic and light fields optimizes intermediate adsorption and reduces energy barriers, thereby accelerating OER kinetics. This study highlights the unique advantages of magneto–photo coupling in electrocatalysis and provides insights into designing responsive catalysts and advancing multi‐field coupling strategies for next‐generation electrochemical energy technologies.

Among different kinds of optical anti-counterfeiting materials, lanthanide-based metal organic frameworks (LnMOFs) have attracted persistent attention due to characteristic luminescent emission, long lifetime and high color purity, which can be applied as anti-counterfeiting materials with controllable luminescent response. The main purpose of this review is to gain an in-depth understanding of the luminescence principle and synthesis method of LnMOFs. As different static or dynamic functional anti-counterfeiting materials, LnMOFs have the advantages in cost savings, high brightness, less repeatable technology and more complex decryption processes. In this paper, we summarize the relevant research about the application of luminescent LnMOFs as anti-counterfeiting materials. We hope that the research in this paper can provide some new ideas and guidance for the design and practical application of LnMOFs as advanced anti-counterfeiting and information storage materials.