以紫金久红草莓为试材,红颊草莓为对照,研究不同水质和基本培养基对草莓试管苗快繁和生长的影响.结果表明,草莓植株在MS增殖培养基中的生长势显著优于White培养基,自来水配制的MS培养基比去离子水配制的MS培养基更适合草莓植株的生长;1/2 MS培养基和White培养基都可以用于草莓生根培养,草莓在1/2 MS培养基中的生根情况优于White培养基,但White培养基成本低于1/2 MS培养基.

以江苏省高质量发展乡村产业为契机,为推动江苏省草莓种苗产业发展,调查江苏省草莓种苗供需情况,结合省内草莓种苗繁育实际情况,对产业发展现状进行分析,针对存在的问题提出优化对策建议.简言之,就是要加强全省统筹布局,增强生态环境保护意识,研发并完善现有育苗技术体系,逐步建立从露地育苗过渡到高架基质育苗的多元化模式,扩大种苗标准化生产规模,更新种苗繁育经营模式,促进相关配套产业的交融、延伸产业链,推进种苗行业大数据进程,加强种苗质量评估、引入保险等保障措施.

为了建立草莓苗安全冷藏体系,本研究以草莓品种'宁玉'为试材,测定了低温对草莓苗叶绿素、SOD、POD、MDA、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、内源激素含量等生理指标、物候期和产量的影响.结果 表明叶绿素a、b含量及其比值、SOD值和可溶性糖含量逐渐下降,而POD值逐渐升高.处理21天时叶绿素a下降幅度为0.28 mg/g,SOD下降了46.5％,POD上升了428.73％;脯氨酸含量在处理第3天时急剧增加,之后逐渐下降;MDA含量整体呈下降趋势;GA3和IAA的含量先降低后升高,ABA含量呈现相反变化,处理8天分别达到谷值和峰值;处理8天以内草莓物候期提前、早期产量增加.5℃条件下,草莓种苗可以安全贮藏8天,达到早熟和稳产.

针对'宁玉'草莓匍匐茎抽生能力强、繁苗系数高,易产生小苗、弱苗的问题,研究不同生长抑制剂处理对苗期及定植后匍匐茎、株高和花果期的影响.结果表明:拿敌稳(25％肟菌酯+50％戊唑醇)、烯唑醇和多效唑均可抑制苗期和定植前期的匍匐茎抽生以及植株的生长高度,多效唑抑制程度最高,在定植后促使侧芽的发生;与清水对照相比,拿敌稳处理果实成熟期提前14d,烯唑醇和多效唑处理果实成熟期均推迟31 d.综合来看,拿敌稳在'宁玉'草莓苗期使用效果最佳.

Sugar is an important material basis in fruit development, and strawberry fruit flavour and sweetness largely depend on the sugar content and variety. Invertases (INVs) play an important role in the regulation of sugar accumulation because they irreversibly catalyse the hydrolysis of sucrose into the corresponding nucleoside diphosphate-glucose, glucose or fructose in fruit. In this work, we provided a comprehensive analysis of the INV gene family in octoploid strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa), including the gene structure, chromosomal locations, conserved domains, and gene evolution and expression profiles during strawberry fruit development. Our study revealed that polyploid events resulted in the abundant amplification (almost three- or four-fold) of the INV gene in the F.×ananassa genome, and these amplified INV genes showed dominant expression in strawberry fruit. More than half of the FaINVs transcripts with low expression had incomplete coding sequences by alternative splicing. Previous studies have shown that cell wall invertases (CWINV) are involved in the regulation of phloem unloading and sink strength establishment. The expression of FaCWINV1 was markedly upregulated during fruit development and strongly expressed in ripe fruit. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between the total sugar content and the FaCWINV1 expression level. These findings suggest that FaCWINV1 may be involved in sugar accumulation in strawberry fruit. Taken together, the results of our study will be beneficial for further research into the functions of INVs in the regulation of fruit ripening.

紫金早玉是由极早熟抗病草莓新品种宁玉与爱知6号杂交选育出的早熟抗病草莓新品种.果实圆锥形,平均单果质量20.6 g,果面红色、光泽强,果肉橙红色.果实风味酸甜,香气浓郁,全年平均可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为11.1％,果实硬度高,为2.0 kg·cm-2.在江苏南京地区,9月上旬定植,11月中旬成熟.植株耐热性强,育苗容易;抗炭疽病、白粉病和灰霉病;丰产,产量达39t·hm-2.适合我国大部分地区设施促成栽培.

目的:探究木醋液对草莓鲜果生产和繁育子苗的应用效果.方法:在高架生产模式下,以"宁玉"草莓品种为试验材料,木醋液以浓度800、600、400倍在定植期、定植15 d、现蕾期和果实膨大期4个阶段作为叶面肥喷施植株,观察草莓物候期、植株生长、发育、产量及品质等指标;在鲜果试验的基础上,确定浓度400倍的木醋液对繁育子苗母株进行不同次数灌根,统计基质微生物群落变化及子苗质量.结果:随着喷施木醋液的浓度增大,促进植株生长的效果越好,浓度400倍时草莓生长效果最佳;灌根处理2次后,基质细菌和放线菌的数量较对照均显著增加,真菌数量减少,明显改善植株根系环境.结论:木醋液在草莓鲜果生产和繁育子苗的最适浓度400倍,有利于草莓生长发育,提高产量以及子苗繁育质量.

通过调研分析2017年度高淳区葡萄的品种、上市期及销售价格的变化动态,浅谈高淳区葡萄产业品种结构及价格走势.对整个市场销售价格和品种结构变化的分析认为,高淳区葡萄品种落后,上市迟且集中,市场份额所占比例不高,亟需更新品种,错开上市时间,同时加大促早或延迟栽培模式的种植比例以及深加工.

根据草莓生长对基质需求的特性,充分利用无害化处理后的常用农业废弃物,如:菇渣、醋糟、木薯糟等,直接与草炭、珍珠岩、蛭石混合复配基质,比较了育苗过程中各复配基质的pH值、EC值的变化以及对宁玉草莓高架育苗质量的影响.结果表明:无害化处理后的菇渣、醋糟均能作为草莓育苗基质的原料,用于代替草炭,但添加比例不宜超过50％;复配基质的理化性质均在植物生长需求的理想范围内,能满足草莓植株的生长和繁育要求.

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been widely used in plant factories and agricultural facilities. Different LEDs can be designed in accordance with the light quality and intensity requirements of different plants, allowing the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as metabolic processes. Blue and red lights have significant effects on anthocyanin metabolism in strawberry fruit, but their effects on other metabolites are unknown. Here, we studied the effects of blue and red lights on the metabolism and gene expression of strawberry using metabolomics combined with transcriptomics. A total of 33 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and 501 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were isolated and identified. Among these DEMs, chlorogenic acid synthesis was upregulated by the blue light compared with the red light. Co-expression network analysis of DEMs and DEGs revealed that the expression of hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (FvHCT), the main gene in the chlorogenic acid synthetic pathway, was induced by blue light. Using multi-omics-based approach, our results suggest that different LED lights have multiple effects on strawberry fruit, with blue light able to co-upregulate chlorogenic acid synthesis and FvHCT gene expression.

Since the publication of this article, the authors have noticed that the part of acknowledgement is missing from article. Here is the acknowledgement:

应用顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用技术对草莓'宁玉'及其亲本果实发育过程中的香气成分及含量进行了测定.结果表明:从'宁玉'及其亲本果实中共检测出97种芳香物质,主要包括酯类、烷类、酮类、酸类、醛类、醇类、呋喃类;在果实不同发育时期,草莓香气物质的数量和含量均存在一定的差异,随着果实的成熟,酯类物质含量呈现增加趋势;从'宁玉'、'幸香'和'章姬'成熟果实中分别检测出香气物质55、57和56种;'宁玉'果实的特征香气成分丁酸甲酯、乙酸己酯、己酸甲酯是共同遗传自父母本的,DMMF是遗传自父本'章姬'的,而γ-葵内酯、DMHF是'宁玉'自己特有的香味物质.

Background: Ramet propagation in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is the most effective way in production. However, the lack of systematically phenotypic observations and high-throughput methods limits our ability to analyze the key factors regulating the heterogeneity in strawberry stolon buds. Results: From observation, we found that the axillary bud located in the first node quickly stepped into dormancy (DSB), after several bract and leaf buds were differentiated. The stolon apical meristem (SAM) degenerated as the new ramet leaf buds (RLB), and the new active axillary stolon buds (ASB) differentiated continually after the differentiation of the first leaf. Using the tandem mass tags (TMT) labeling method, a total of 7,271 strawberry proteins were identified. Between ASB and DSB, the spliceosome DEPs, such as Ser/Arg-rich (SR) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (hnRNP), showed the highest enrichment and high PPI connectivity. This indicated that the differences in DEPs (e.g., SF-3A and PK) at the transcriptional level may be causing the differences between the physiological statuses of ASB and DSB. As expected, the photosynthetic pre-form RLB mainly differentiated from ASB and DSB judging by the DEP enrichment of photosynthesis. However, there are still other specialized features of DEPs between RLB and DSB and between ASB and DSB. The DEPs relative to DNA duplication [e.g., minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM 2, 3, 4, 7)], provide a strong hint of functional gene duplication leading the bud heterogeneity between RLB and DSB. In addition, the top fold change DEP of LSH 10-like might be involved in the degeneration of SAM into RLBs, based on its significant function in modulating the plant shoot initiation. As for RLB/ASB, the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway probably regulates the ramet axillary bud specialization, and further promotes the differentiation of xylem when ASB develops into a new stolon [e.g., cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (CAD1) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 (PAL1)]. Conclusions: By using phenotypic observation combined with proteomic networks with different types of strawberry stolon buds, the definite dormancy phase of DSB was identified, and the biological pathways and gene networks that might be responsible for heterogeneity among different stolon buds in strawberry were also revealed.

为研究草莓MYB基因家族,采用生物信息学方法检索森林草莓(Fragaria vesca L.)基因组中MYB基因,并对其基因结构、蛋白保守结构域、染色体定位、基因进化及花药发育过程中表达水平进行分析.结果 表明,草莓基因组中可能含有105个R2R3-MYB、4个MYB3R、1个MYB4R基因,它们不均匀分布在7条草莓染色体上,其中5号染色体上数量最多为26个,部分基因在染色体上形成基因簇.理化分析发现这些MYB蛋白长度和大小差异较大,但均具有保守的R2和R3型结构域,R重复单元均含有特征性的氨基酸,包括最保守的有序间隔出现的色氨酸(W)残基.通过系统进化关系和基因结构信息,草莓MYB基因家族被分成了34个亚组(A1～A34),同时利用拟南芥基因功能预测草莓中对应的直系同源基因的功能,结果表明草莓MYB基因家族参与调控黄酮物质合成、细胞发育、生物/非生物胁迫.花药发育过程中表达水平分析发现FvMYB2、FvMYB85、FvMYB74、FvMYB28在花药发育的5个时期中表达量逐渐升高,尤其是发育后期表达量较高,表明这些基因可能调控花药发育过程.本研究结果为草莓MYB基因家族的功能研究提供参考.

[目的]探究不同区域草莓连作障碍的发生原因.[方法]用典型调查法调查并统计江苏省邳州港上镇、东海石榴镇和溧水白马镇草莓连作土壤的养分含量及微生物区系,并采集当地连作土与非连作土盆栽草莓,观察植株茎粗、鲜质量、株高、根长和根质量的生长状况.[结果]港上镇和石榴镇的草莓连作土壤有机质和碱解氮含量缺乏;港上镇0～10 cm土层的土壤有机质,有效钙、镁、铁和硼含量比10～20 cm土层低10.50％～54.65％,根际土壤养分流失严重;港上镇土壤有效锰含量缺乏,白马镇的土壤硼含量很缺乏;港上镇和白马镇的草莓连作土壤已发生轻度盐渍化,石榴镇土壤已发生中度盐渍化;各地连作土壤微生物均以细菌为主,真菌的数量最低;连作会给植株茎粗、鲜质量、株高、根质量和根长带来显著的负影响.[结论]草莓连作会使土壤理化性质改变、养分失衡以及微生物群落结构失衡,影响植株生长.生产上应尽可能采取措施避免连作,并及时对连作土壤进行修复改良.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0126-6.].

以连作草莓大田为试验对象,设置玉米套作棚与对照棚2个处理,分别于玉米苗期、成熟期和秸秆腐熟期调查两棚土壤养分含量及微生物区系状况.结果表明:玉米套作及秸秆还田处理后的连作土壤有机质含量提高19.64％,碱解氮含量提高11.68％,有效铁含量提高56.49％～78.74％,有效钙含量提高7.16％,过剩的有效镁含量降低9.20％～17.65％;套作棚的土壤细菌数量和细菌/真菌值均比对照棚提升了22.24％和20.62％,土壤微生物结构由"真菌型"向"细菌型"转变;玉米套作及秸秆还田处理后的放线菌数量是对照的2.64倍,增强了抵御病虫害侵染的能力.因此,玉米套作及秸秆还田处理可以有效改善草莓连作土壤的养分状况和微生物群落结构,缓解连作土壤碱化和次生盐渍化.

该研究采用草莓玉米套作和草莓连作方式,对草莓的生长、生理及其产量和品质进行比较分析,为生产中克服草莓连作障碍提供理论依据.结果表明:(1)套作条件下草莓的株高、根长、茎粗和整株重量等营养生长指标均显著高于相应的连作模式.(2)与连作相比,套作可提高草莓植株的总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,同时可提高草莓植株根系和叶片的可溶性糖含量,使根系丙二醛含量维持在较低水平,保证草莓植株良好生长.(3)与草莓连作相比,套作玉米使秋季草莓苗的定植入田死苗率降低28.8％,加快缓苗速度,且单株保持良好长势和后期正常坐果.(4)套作玉米能够显著提高草莓果实的硬度、单果重及单株产量,但对果实可溶性固形物无显著影响.研究认为,草莓套作玉米能够克服草莓连作障碍,促进草莓植株的营养生长,增强草莓植株抵御逆境胁迫的能力,提高产量和品质.

通过调查草莓不同品种(系)的白粉病发病规律,发现设施条件下的草莓白粉病发病时间为11月初至翌年5月,大面积爆发在3～4月份.易感白粉病的品种发病较早(11月初)、抗白粉病品种发病晚(翌年4～5月).分析31个主栽的草莓品种田间白粉病的发病规律,发现不同来源的草莓品种对白粉病的抗性存在差异,来源欧美的草莓品种多表现高抗或抗病,来源日本的草莓品种多表现易感白粉病,我国自主选育的品种多表现抗病或中抗白粉病.经统计明确高抗白粉病的品种有4个:“甜查理”“爱莓”“赛娃”“宁玉”;高感白粉病的品种有7个:“甘王”“章姬”“红颊”“幸香”“千代田”“黔莓1号”“枥乙女”.调查设施栽培条件下137个草莓优系,共计47个杂交组合的田间抗白粉病特性,发现高抗白粉病的优系23个,来自15个双亲组合类型,其双亲组合主要含有高抗亲本“宁玉”和‘甜查理’的遗传信息.13个优系表现高感白粉病,来自12个双亲组合,其双亲的高感遗传信息分别来自“红颊”“章姬”“佐贺清香”.通过分析亲本的抗白粉病特征,发现抗病与感病遗传信息的传递有以下规律:母本是抗病品种、父本是感病品种得到的后代株系中,表现抗病的几率(82.98％)大于以上双亲组合反交所获株系表现抗病的几率(66.67％).尤其在父母本都是抗病品种的后代株系中,其后代株系表现抗病的几率最大(高抗46.67％、抗病26.67％、中抗20.00％,合计93.34％),只有极少数表现感病(6.67％),未见重感株系出现.

参照《猕猴桃种质资源描述规范和数据标准》,调查金魁、红阳、金艳、华优、华特5个引进的猕猴桃品种物候期、花器官主要特性、果实性状、抗病性等指标.结果表明,红阳猕猴桃各物候期相对最早,萌芽期、初花期、盛花期、果实成熟期分别为3月8日、4月18日、4月20日、10月8日,但其易感溃疡病;华特猕猴桃的花瓣主色为鲜艳粉红色,雌蕊数为56枚,与其他4个猕猴桃品种有明显差异,适于观赏;金魁猕猴桃果实的纵径为6.7 cm,横径为5.6 cm,横径/侧径为1.33,单果质量为99.1 g,最大果质量相对最大为125.2 g,生产中应在果实充分成熟时采收以确保其品质.