'Shine Muscat' grapes are economically high-value table grapes, prized for their rose-like fragrance and superior edible quality. Spike-stalk brown spot has recently emerged as a major disease affecting yield and fruit quality in Sichuan Province, yet its causal agents and sustainable management strategies remain poorly understood. In this study, we isolated two causal organisms of spike-stalk brown spot in 'Shine Muscat' grapes from infected rachises and fruits and morphological and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, RPB2, LSU, Alt a 1, GAPDH) identified them as Alternaria tenuissima and A. alternata. Strain LJa5 was isolated from healthy plants and rhizosphere soil, and dual culture screening identified it as highly inhibitory against both Alternaria species (76.03% and 82.42% inhibition). Furthermore, its cell-free supernatant inhibited the two Alternaria strains. Morphological, biochemical and phylogenetic analyses (16S rRNA, gyrA) confirmed LJa5 as Bacillus velezensis. The strain exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity against 14 pathogens (59.24%-81.83% inhibition), produced extracellular hydrolases and possessed motility and biofilm formation capacity. In vitro fruit assays demonstrated that LJa5 suspension at 1.0 & times; 109 CFU/mL achieved control efficacies of 49.96% and 51.15% against diseases caused by A. tenuissima and A. alternata, respectively. This study represents the first report identifying the causal agents of mixed infection responsible for spike-stalk brown spot in 'Shine Muscat' grapes, and demonstrates the potential of B. velezensis LJa5 as a safe and effective biological control agent. These findings provide a foundation for sustainable, environmentally friendly disease management strategies in grape production.

Southern blight, caused by the soil-borne fungus Sclerotium rolfsii (S. rolfsii), poses a significant threat to pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production, necessitating the development of effective chemical control strategies. This study investigated the physiological responses of pepper plants to S. rolfsii infection and evaluated the efficacy of the fungicides hexaconazole and azoxystrobin. The results demonstrated that hexaconazole, applied at 50 μg·mL-1, provided outstanding protective activity (97.56%). In contrast, azoxystrobin, at a higher concentration of 100 μg·mL-1, exhibited optimal overall control, with 88.62% protective and 49.06% curative activity. Beyond direct pathogen suppression, both fungicides mitigated disease impact by safeguarding host plant growth, promoting root system development, and enhancing defense responses through the induction of key antioxidant enzymes, namely, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT). Consequently, the application of hexaconazole and azoxystrobin significantly reduced disease progression and protected normal plant growth. These findings provide a scientific basis for effective management of southern blight in pepper and elucidate how fungicides with distinct modes of action can enhance plant resistance by modulating the antioxidant system.

Combined use of eco-friendly insecticides with natural enemies is increasingly being used in pest management. In this study, the combination of eco-friendly insecticides and Orius nagaii (Yasunaga) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), an important predator of the thrips, in controlling Dendrothrips minowai (Priesner) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a major tea pest, was evaluated in both laboratories and tea plantations. Five commercial insecticides were first screened the toxicity to D. minowai, and their safety to O. nagaii. The results showed mineral oil and Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421 were toxic against D. minowai, while diafenthiuron, mineral oil and M. anisopliae CQMa421 were relatively safe for O. nagaii. Sublethal bioassay on eggs, nymphs, and adults of O. nagaii showed that mineral oil exposure minimized hatching rate among the 5 insecticides. The adverse effects of diafenthiuron and M. anisopliae CQMa421 on the development and reproduction of O. nagaii were inferior to those of spinetoram and indoxacarb. Both spinetoram and indoxacarb displayed significant acute and sublethal effects on O. nagaii. Field trials unveiled that the combined use of O. nagaii and diafenthiuron was an effective and lasting pest control strategy against D. minowai. The results contribute to an improved D. minowai management coordinated eco-friendly insecticide with natural enemy insects.

Abstract Background: Blueberry leaf spot is one of the most important diseases associated with blueberry production. However, little research has been done on blueberry interactions with leaf spot and blueberry resistance to leaf spot. Methods and Results:In this study, the induced blueberry with BABA was inoculated with the leaf spot pathogen as the experimental group, and blueberry inoculated with the uninduced leaf spot pathogen was used as a control group to construct a transcriptome sequencing library. A total of 11 disease-resistant genes were randomly screened from the transcription library PHI database for qRT-PCR verification, and two disease-resistant genes containing comp126500_c0_seq1and comp126556_c0_seq2 were selected from eight genes with good amplification specificity in order to elucidate the function of blueberry leaf spot resistance genes. Cloning the cDNA sequences of the two genes using qRT-PCR and RACE; analysis of biological information by amino acid sequencing using two disease-resistant protein gene sequences of amino acids to build an evolutionary tree; and genetic compound conservative domains and protein secondary and tertiary structure predictions, revealed the fungus stress resistance related gene function during the early response to blueberry leaf spot. Using agrobacterium mediated transformation of Arabidopsisexpression to understand two gene's defensive roles during leaf spot infection. Conclusions: The results preliminarily proved that comp126500_c0_seq1and comp126556_c0_seq2, which produced in the body of a blueberry by induction of BABA, are related genes with resistance to leaf spot.

Abstract Background: Blueberry leaf spot is one of the most important diseases associated with blueberry production. However, little research has been done on blueberry interactions with leaf spot and blueberry resistance to leaf spot. Methods and Results: In this study, the induced blueberry with BABA was inoculated with the leaf spot pathogen as the experimental group, and blueberry inoculated with the uninduced leaf spot pathogen was used as a control group to construct a transcriptome sequencing library. A total of 11 disease-resistant genes were randomly screened from the transcription library PHI database for qRT-PCR verification, and two disease-resistant genes containing comp126500_c0_seq1 and comp126556_c0_seq2 were selected from eight genes with good amplification specificity in order to elucidate the function of blueberry leaf spot resistance genes. Cloning the cDNA sequences of the two genes using qRT-PCR and RACE; analysis of biological information by amino acid sequencing using two disease-resistant protein gene sequences of amino acids to build an evolutionary tree; and genetic compound conservative domains and protein secondary and tertiary structure predictions, revealed the fungus stress resistance related gene function during the early response to blueberry leaf spot. Using agrobacterium mediated transformation of Arabidopsis expression to understand two gene's defensive roles during leaf spot infection. Conclusions: The results preliminarily proved that comp126500_c0_seq1 and comp126556_c0_seq2 , which produced in the body of a blueberry by induction of BABA, are related genes with resistance to leaf spot.

[目的 ]探明辣椒根际土壤中对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)有拮抗作用的微生物,筛选可抑制辣椒枯萎病的生防菌,为绿色防控辣椒连作导致的枯萎病提供有效的生防微生物资源.[方法]采用平板稀释法分离辣椒不同生长阶段根际土壤中的微生物,再通过平板对峙法筛选拮抗菌株并鉴定拮抗菌发酵液抑菌活性,结合形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定拮抗菌株种类.[结果]从辣椒根际土壤中共分离出真菌50株,其中5株木霉菌株对尖孢镰刀菌有拮抗作用,对峙培养抑菌率为60.47％～78.04％,LJ06020803菌株的抑菌率最高,为78.04％,其不含菌体的发酵液抑菌率为40.92％;根据LJ06020803菌株形态学特征和系统发育树鉴定其为哈茨木霉菌(Trichoderma harzianum).[结论]菌株LJ06020803为哈茨木霉菌(Tri-choderma harzianum),对辣椒枯萎病病原菌有很好的拮抗效果,可作为一种生防资源用于防治辣椒枯萎病.

To clarify the control effects of Trichoderma hamatum strain MHT1134 on Fusarium wilt in continuous pepper cropping fields and its regulatory effects on soil microecology, the physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities, community structures of soil samples from five field types were analysed. Samples were taken from fields that had been continuously planted for 1, 5, 9 years, and applied the strain MHT1134 for 1 and 2 years. The MHT1134 control effects on pepper wilt after application 1 year and 2 years were 63.03% and 70.21%, respectively. 4 kinds of physical and chemical indexes and 6 kinds of enzyme activities in soil were increased. With the continuous cropping years increased, the microbial abundance and diversity decreasing significantly. The relative abundances of Fusarium, Gibberella increased along with the planting years, but decreased after the MHT11134 application. However, the relative abundances of Trichoderma and Chaetomium significantly increased. Additionally, as the cropping years increased, the soil abundance of Actinobacteria gradually decreased, but it significantly increased from 17.56 to 22.44% after the MHT1134 application. Thus, strain MHT1134 effectively improved the microbial community structure of the soil, and it also positively affected soil quality. A continuous application may improve the control effect.

探明贵阳地区温室草莓[Fragaria ananassa(Duchesne)]在生态草莓(不施用杀虫剂)和常规管理(正常施用杀虫剂)模式下二斑叶螨[Tetranychus urticae(Koch)]的种群动态及发生规律,为其科学防治提供参考,于2021年3—4月对温室草莓二斑叶螨的种群动态进行了调查.结果表明:3月上旬到4月中旬,生态草莓上二斑叶螨的虫口数量持续增加,到4月15日达到顶峰,平均虫口数约为6965头/10株;常规管理草莓上二斑叶螨的虫口数量一直维持在较高水平,平均2000～3000头/10株,未出现峰值.根据温室草莓二斑叶螨的种群动态及发生规律,建议在3月初释放捕食螨防治,以减少化学农药的使用.

To clarify the control effects of strain MHT1134 on Fusarium wilt in continuous pepper cropping fields and its regulatory effects on soil microecology, the physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities, community structures of soil samples from five field types were analysed. Samples were taken from fields in their 1st, 5th and 9th planting years, and at 1 and 2 years after the application of strain MHT1134 in 9th planting year field. The MHT1134 control effects on pepper wilt after 1 and 2 years were 63.03% and 70.21%, respectively. 4 kinds of physical and chemical indexes and 6 kinds of enzyme activities in soil were increased. With the continuous cropping years increased, the microbial abundance and diversity decreasing significantly. The relative abundances of Fusarium, Gibberella increased along with the planting years, but decreased after the MHT11134 application. However, the relative abundances of Trichoderma and Chaetomium significantly increased. Additionally, as the cropping years increased, the soil abundance of Actinobacteria gradually decreased, but it significantly increased from 17.56% to 22.44% after the MHT1134 application. Thus, strain MHT1134 effectively improved the microbial community structure of the soil, and it also positively affected soil quality. A continuous application may improve the control effect.

The stick tea thrip Dendrothrips minowai (Priesner) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a destructive pest in tea plantations in south and southwest China. To control this pest, a non-crop banker plant system was developed using a polyphagous predator Orius strigicollis (Poppius) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) with the black bean aphid Aphis fabae (Scopoli) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as an alternative prey and the faba bean Vicia faba as the banker plant to support the predator in targeting the pest. The fitness of A. fabae on tea plants and faba bean was evaluated to determine its host specificity. Moreover, the control efficacy of the banker plant system on D. minowai on tea plants was tested in the laboratory and compared with that of direct release of O. strigicollis. The experiments showed that faba bean was an excellent non-crop host for A. fabae because, while the aphid population increased quickly on faba bean, it could only survive for up to 9 days on tea plants. Compared with direct release of O. strigicollis, lower densities of pest were observed when introducing the banker plant system. Our results indicate that this banker plant system has the potential to be implemented in the field to improve the control of the pest thrips.

南方小花蝽Orius strigicollis作为一种广食性捕食性天敌昆虫,可高效控制蓟马、蚜虫及螨类等多种害虫,极具生防潜能.但目前国内南方小花蝽商业化进程相对滞后,其中未找到适合的饲料来源是主要的限制因素之一.本研究以新鲜麦蛾Sitotroga cerealella卵和紫外线处理的麦蛾卵作为饲养南方小花蝽的替代猎物,以南方小花蝽的天然猎物西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis为对照,通过比较其发育历期、存活率及寿命等生物学指标,组建生命表来评价麦蛾卵对南方小花蝽的饲喂效果.结果发现:以新鲜麦蛾卵、紫外处理麦蛾卵和西花蓟马饲喂的南方小花蝽若虫发育历期均无显著性差异,但取食新鲜麦蛾卵的南方小花蝽若虫存活率(60.5％)高于其他两种猎物;同时,饲喂新鲜麦蛾卵的南方小花蝽雌虫寿命(37.3 d)和雄成虫寿命(23.0 d)以及产卵量(74.0粒)均最高,其次是紫外处理麦蛾卵,而西花蓟马最低;饲喂新鲜麦蛾卵的南方小花蝽存活率、净增殖率(47.91)、内禀增长率(0.10)、周限增长率(1.11)和世代平均周期(36.5 d)均大于饲喂紫外处理麦蛾卵和饲喂西花蓟马,且种群加倍时间也以饲喂新鲜麦蛾卵的南方小花蝽最短(6.57 d).本研究结果表明麦蛾卵可作为南方小花蝽饲养的替代猎物,且以新鲜麦蛾卵为最佳.

储蓄植物系统作为一种开放式的天敌饲养系统,越来越多地应用到温室及田间的害虫防治.南方小花蝽 Orius similis Zheng可捕食蓟马、蚜虫等多种害虫,是农业上一类极具应用价值的捕食性天敌.为提高南方小花蝽的控害效果,建立南方小花蝽储蓄植物系统是一种极为有效的方法.为了筛选适用于南方小花蝽保育和增殖的储蓄植物,进而构建南方小花蝽储蓄植物系统,本研究选择了月季Rosa chinensis、长寿花Narcissus jonquilla、辣椒Capsicum annuum、黄瓜Cucumis sativus和蚕豆Vicia faba作为候选的储蓄植物,通过六臂嗅觉仪分析了南方小花蝽对5种植物花朵的气味选择性,同时分析了南方小花蝽在5种植物上的繁殖系数、发育历期、存活率等生物学参数.结果表明43.33％的南方小花蝽雌虫偏好辣椒花朵气味,其次为蚕豆(26.67％);南方小花蝽卵的孵化率在辣椒上最高达到95.59％,其次为蚕豆为80.74％;同时,南方小花蝽卵在蚕豆上的发育历期显著低于另外4种植物,仅有4.92 d.综上所述,本研究初步认为辣椒和蚕豆比较适合用来构建南方小花蝽储蓄植物系统.

为温室白粉虱的可持续防治提供高效且环境友好的农药选择,采用微生物农药100亿孢子/mL金龟子绿僵菌油悬浮剂(400倍液、480倍液、600倍液)对番茄温室白粉虱[Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)]进行防治,并与10％溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂1800倍液进行比较分析,以评价该微生物农药对温室白粉虱的防治效果并筛选最佳使用浓度.结果表明:100亿孢子/mL金龟子绿僵菌400倍液防治温室白粉虱的速效性与持续性均最佳,其药后1 d、3 d、7 d的防效分别为80.49％、90.61％、82.88％,而对照药剂10％溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂的防效分别为29.57％、12.9％、88.5％.100亿孢子/mL金龟子绿僵菌油悬浮剂400倍液对番茄温室白粉虱具有较好的防治效果,可在生产上推广应用.

[目的]为了解贵州地区草莓(Fragaria×ananassa)栽培品种中4种主要病毒的发病率和草莓褪绿斑驳病毒(Strawberry vein banding virus,SVBV)贵州分离物与其他分离物的遗传进化关系,对贵州省贵阳市和黔东南州凯里市大棚草莓植株和草莓组培苗进行4种主要草莓病毒检测.[方法]克隆SVBV的全长基因组序列及CP编码的核酸序列后测序并分析.[结果]采集的77份草莓样品检测出SVBV和草莓轻型黄边病毒(Strawberry mild yellow edge virus,SMYEV)2种病毒,未检测到草莓斑驳病毒(Strawberry mottle virus,SMoV)和草莓蚀刻病毒(Strawberry crinkle virus,SCV),其中SVBV的检出率为19.5％,SMYEV为2.6％;SVBV-GZ (GenBank登录号:MH894295)全基因组序列为7859 bp,基因组结构推测有7个开放读框构成,基于SVBV基因组核酸序列的系统发育分析表明SVBV-GZ与SVBV-BJ(GenBank登录号:KR080547)亲缘性较近.[结论]基于SVBV CP氨基酸序列的系统发育分析发现,贵州不同地区草莓SVBV不同分离物与其他中国不同地区分离物同源性较高,可能是由于贵州从全国范围调运草莓种苗造成.

本文选择4种不同微生物活性成分的生防菌剂,采用盆栽生物量测定、温室和田间小区试验对辣椒主要病害进行抗病效果及促生增产作用评价.结果 表明,木霉-芽胞杆菌复合菌剂对辣椒的枯萎病、疫病、炭疽病和灰霉病防效分别达到72.2％、78.3％、71.9％和59.7％,枯草芽胞杆菌-粉红粘帚霉复合菌剂对辣椒4种病害的防效分别达到60.5％、62.1％、60.5％和50.9％;而淡紫紫孢菌菌剂只对辣椒炭疽病具有很好防效(77.5％).同时,4种微生物菌剂对辣椒植株生物量均有显著促生作用,其中木霉-芽胞杆菌复合菌剂及枯草芽胞杆菌-粉红粘帚霉复合菌剂在盆栽试验中鲜重和干重增幅分别为132.79％、190.35％和211.80％、293.84％;两者在温室及田间小区试验中比对照增产182.3％、152.7％和65.0％、23.9％.本研究表明,生防菌剂可以替代化学药剂用于植物病害的防治,同时还能够促进作物植株生长,有增产作用.

Pepper wilt, caused byFusarium oxysporum, is an important disease of pepper in many regions of the world. A phosphate solubilisingTrichodermastrain MHT1134 was selected from 76 isolates from the pepper rhizosphere as a potential biological control agent against wilt disease caused byF. oxysporum. The inhibitory rate of MHT1134 againstF. oxysporumwas 81.80%. MHT1134 was identified asTrichoderma hamatumbased on morphological features, ITS rDNA andtef-1 alpha sequences. It showed antagonistic effects against a number of fungal pathogens, includingPhytophthora capsici,Colletotrichum capsici,Verticillium dahliae,Verticillium albo-atrum,Botryosphaeria dothidea,Pyricularia griseaandPhoma lingam.The fungistatic capability of strain MHT1134 was evaluated, and its sterilised and non-sterilised fermentation broths were effectively suppressed pathogen's hyphal growth, with inhibitory effects reaching 50.71% and 74.01%, respectively. Moreover,T. hamatumMHT1134 controlled pepper wilt at a 60.61% efficiency level, and applications significantly increased plant heights, root lengths, fresh and dry weights of pepper in pot experiments. The field experiments showed that strain MHT1134 inhibited pepper Fusarium wilt, with a control effect that was only slightly less than that of the chemical hymexazol, and significantly increased pepper yield. Thus, MHT1134 is proposed as a potential biocontrol fungus and further studies will focus on its biocontrol mechanisms.

为筛选防治草莓几种重要真菌病害的高效微生物制剂,本研究测定了以植物免疫蛋白、淡紫拟青霉、枯草芽胞杆菌和粉红黏帚霉等为活性成分的3种微生物制剂对草莓炭疽病、灰霉病和白粉病的防治作用及对草莓生长的影响.结果 表明,3种微生物制剂对草莓炭疽病的防效均在65％以上,对灰霉病的防效在30％～55％.对于草莓白粉病害,沃丰康-克线散防治效果较好,达到64.1％,而普绿通粉剂和沃丰康-复合微生物菌剂防效不明显(＜40％).此外,3种微生物菌剂均表现出明显的促生、增产作用,其中沃丰康-复合微生物菌剂效果最为显著,植株干重增加57.3％,草莓干重增加83.1％;施用沃丰康-克线散粉剂植株和果实增幅分别为47.5％和76.1％,普绿通粉剂分别增加17.9％和66.2％.本研究表明,生防制剂可以替代化学农药用于草莓病害防治和有机生产.

为筛选出用于芒果主要病害绿色防控的高效微生物菌剂,进行了沃丰康-淡紫拟青霉微生物肥、沃丰康-复合微生物菌剂、中农绿康微生物菌剂和普绿通粉剂等4种微生物菌剂对芒果炭疽病、灰斑病、白粉病的防治效果试验.结果 表明:沃丰康-复合微生物菌剂对芒果炭疽病的防效最好,防效在60.00％及以上,其次是沃丰康-淡紫拟青霉微生物肥,防效均超过54％.沃丰康-复合微生物菌剂对芒果灰斑病的防效也较好,达56.13％;其次是中农绿康微生物菌剂,防效为49.91％.4种微生物菌剂对芒果白粉病的防效较差.

辣椒枯萎病是辣椒生产上危害较为严重的常见土传病害之一,随着辣椒连作及品种复种指数高等现象的出现,土壤中病原菌经年累积,导致土壤微生态失衡,致使辣椒枯萎病等土传病害发生频率越来越大.基于辣椒枯萎病的症状表现、病原菌特征及发生规律,从抗病品种选育、农业防治、化学防治及生物技术方法等方面就国内外对该病害的防治技术研究进行综述,旨在为有效防控该病害发生,提高辣椒的品质与产量提供参考.

利用Illumina MiSeq测序技术,研究遵义市道真县茶叶主产区中白1号、黄金茶、黄金芽和中茶108等4个茶树品种的根际土壤真菌群落多样性和结构特征.结果表明,不同茶树品种根际土壤真菌存在差异,黄金茶根际土壤真菌群落具有较高的多样性和丰富度;该地区茶树根际土壤真菌群落共划分为4个已知的菌门,担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和接合菌门(Zygomycota)为优势真菌群.4个品种茶树根际土壤真菌在属水平丰度较高的都为隐球菌属(Cryptococcus spp.).