Objective:To set up a structured or semi-structured database of public health emergencies, to integrate, extract, summarize and speculate effectively based on multi-source information, and to provide informatization and digitization support for emergency decision-making.Methods:Qualitative research methods, such as focus group and nominal group technique, in-depth interviews, were used to collect data and professional expertise of cases focusing on case categories, inclusion and exclusion principle, compiling framework and main influence factors. Structured model was constructed based on analyzing and summarizing emergency case essentials.Results:Twenty-five public health emergency cases were selected and included in this study. Followed by the 7-step compiling framework constructed in this study, a description-solution-conclusion scheme was proposed, composed of 9 parts, including structured case file, overview, chronicles, prevention and preparation, response and rescue, risk communication, restoration and reconstruction, after action report, references and attachments.Conclusion:A structured model was designed from the scenario-to-response perspective, with a database constructed following the standardized procedures, to retrospect the whole process from various aspects for the quick and impersonal reference of policy makers, which helping to overcome several obstacles for decision-making, for example, urgency, complexity, information uncertainty and accessibility, during public health emergency response, as well as further inspire the artificial intelligence utilization of historical experiences.

中国疾病预防控制中心2012年开始承建3支国家卫生应急队伍，还组建了重大自然灾害先遣队和国际公共卫生队伍，卫生应急队伍建设工作已取得显著成果。完成了多起国家卫生健康委交办的突发公共卫生事件处置、自然灾害救灾防病和重大活动保障任务。为梳理国家卫生应急队伍工作机制和实践，进一步提升国际和国内卫生应急事件应对能力，开展国家卫生应急队伍建设与管理实践探讨，包括队伍建设基本情况、队伍管理与现场实践应对等。

目的 通过对2007-2018吉林省肾综合征出血热病例进行流行特征描述,使用时间序列分析,预测吉林省未来的肾综合征出血热发病趋势.方法 通过建立ARIMA模型,对2007-2018年间吉林省肾综合征出血热发病数进行拟合,使用2019-2021年发病数与预测结果之间进行拟合优度检验来验证拟合效果.结果 2007-2018年间,吉林省共上报肾综合征出血热8 844例.总体来说吉林省肾综合征出血热发病率呈现缓慢下降趋势,时间序列分析结果为:ARIMA(1,0,0)(0,1,2)12较好地拟合和预测吉林省肾综合征出血热发病数(R2=0.66,P＜0.05).2019年至2021年预测肾综合征出血热发病数分别为510人、449人和513人.将2019-2021年HFRS实际病例数并与ARIMA模型预测数据进行比较,计算相关系数R2=0.85,P＜0.05.结论 ARIMA模型能较好地拟合和预测吉林省HFRS发病数.

Background Globally, there have been 212,544,565 confirmed cases of Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including 4,441,428 deaths by 24 August 2021, reported to WHO. Facing the global pandemic of COVID-19, countries and regions have implemented different policies and taken different non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) according to their own circumstances. However, the quantitative assessment of national policies and local resilience capabilities is a huge challenge. Methods In order to assess interventions and improve local resilience from a comprehensive perspective, this study aims to establish a multi-dimensional and dynamic prevention and control system. The main body of the system is an index system. To make our evaluation system more scientific and useful, the comparative study with several widely used tools or lessons is conducted to report what they have done. Then analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to set up the framework under the concept of a multi-level strategy of public health management. Indicators in the system are determined by literature research and expert interviews. Results Emergency capability assessment includes building a well-established system, execution of the system, and measurement. The well-established system exhibits several characteristics: 1) considering indicators about whole-of-society involvement, including country-, city-, local community- and individual-level; 2) improving capability at multi-phases, from the preparedness ability to response ability; 3) at both policy level and implementation level. Categories of containment and closure, response in economic system, and response in public health system constitute the main body of the framework. The well-established system does not necessarily apply to all scenarios, and the actual situation should be taken into consideration in the process of implementation/execution. At the stage of measurement, the case of Wuhan/Hubei response is introduced to implement and test our system. Empirical researches will be conducted to verify the index system quantitatively in our future research. Conclusions Our index system can assess national policies and capabilities quantitatively. When enough data are available, it will become a tool to assess the local resilience capability for countries or regions.

目的 分析2017年派出赴马达加斯加鼠疫应急队伍的物资装备配置与使用情况,为我国援非应急队伍派遣和物资装备保障提供实践经验.方法 对2批15人进行问卷调查,并对队长进行面对面访谈,采用描述性流行病学方法,使用Excel软件对物资装备的配置情况、实际情况及装备适用性进行分析.结果 应急队员7类26种物资装备总体配置情况整体较好,队员个人配置率为94.6％,91.4％认为物资装备配置很有必要,89.3％认为相关物资装备质量良好.两批队伍5类24种物资装备配置率100％,93.3％认为队伍物资装备配置的很有必要、4.4％认为没有必要的,2.2％认为不好说;99.4％认为相关队伍物资装备的质量良好、0.6％认为一般.队员们提出了应增加配置夏季雨鞋、针线包、指甲刀和长袖衬衫以及队伍配置的建议清单.结论 卫生应急队伍的物资装备是完成救援活动的基础保障,是应急保障的主要内容,也是衡量救治能力的核心要素;专家组派遣模式将会是我国公共卫生援外的主要特点,首批次赴现场队伍所携带的物资装备应尽可能齐全.各级卫生健康部门要加强卫生应急服装的配置更新、服装系列的升级迭代研究,及时对卫生应急队伍装备参考目录进行更新,各队伍承建单位要有针对性的做好应急物资装备的实物储备和能力储备,加强物资装备的日常使用培训和演练,检验装备的质量和实用性.

During the yellow fever epidemic in Angola in 2016, cases of yellow fever were reported in China for the first time. The 11 cases, all Chinese nationals returning from Angola, were identified in March and April 2016, one to two weeks after the peak of the Angolan epidemic. One patient died; the other 10 cases recovered after treatment. This paper reviews the epidemiological characteristics of the 11 yellow fever cases imported into China. It examines case detection and disease control and surveillance, and presents recommendations for further action to prevent additional importation of yellow fever into China.

Objective To assess the risk of public health emergencies, both indigenous ones and imported ones, which might occur in the mainland of China in February 2018. Methods An internet based expert counsel was conducted to analyze the surveillance data of public health emergencies and priority communicable diseases in China reported through different channels, and the experts in all the provincial centers for disease control and prevention attended this video conference. Results According to the analysis of recent and previous surveillance data of communicable diseases and public health emergencies, it is predicted that the public health emergencies in February would be mainly communicable disease epidemics, such as seasonal influenza,human infection with avian influenza virus and viral diarrhoea. The activity of seasonal influenza would still be at high level,but the downtrend has been observed. The sporadic cases of human infection with H7N9 or other avian influenza viruses and viral diarrhea outbreaks caused by norovirus and other enteroviruses might continue to occur. It is still the high incidence season of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning. Conclusion It is predicted that the incidence of public health emergencies would decline in China in February 2018. Close attention should be paid to seasonal influenza and human infection with avian influenza viruses, and attention should be paid to the outbreaks of viral diarrhoea and non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning.

Background: Earthquakes causing significant damage have occurred frequently in China, producing enormous health losses, damage to the environment and public health issues. Timely public health response is crucial to reduce mortality and morbidity and promote overall effectiveness of rescue efforts after a major earthquake. Methods: A rapid assessment framework was established based on GIS technology and high-resolution remote sensing images. A two-step casualties and injures estimation method was developed to evaluate health loss with great rapidity. Historical data and health resources information was reviewed to evaluate the damage condition of medical resources and public health issues. Results: The casualties and injures are estimated within a few hours after an earthquake. For the Wenchuan earthquake, which killed about 96,000 people and injured about 288,000, the estimation accuracy is about 77%. 242/294 (82.3%) of the medical existing institutions were severely damaged. About 40,000 tons of safe drinking water was needed every day to ensure basic living needs. The risk of water-borne and foodborne disease, respiratory and close contact transmission disease is high. For natural foci diseases, the high-risk area of schistosomiasis was mapped in Lushan County as an example. Finally, temporary settlements for victims of earthquake were mapped. Conclusions: High resolution Earth observation technology can provide a scientific basis for public health emergency management in the major disasters field, which will be of great significance in helping policy makers effectively improve health service ability and public health emergency management in prevention and control of infectious diseases and risk assessment.

目的评估云南彝良地震灾区集中安置点公共卫生状况和应急工作需求。方法于2012年9月11—14日,按照《救灾安置点公共卫生需求快速调查评估表》内容对彝良城区所有9个集中安置点进行快速调查评估。结果集中安置点住宿全部以帐篷方式实现;安置点饮水以定型包装水为主,8个安置点的生活用水来源于自来水,且采取集中式供水;食品基本来自政府供给或社会捐赠,5个集中安置点采取集中供餐方式供餐;8个集中安置点开展环境消毒工作并设有垃圾集中收集点,但存在垃圾未及时清运现象,所有安置点内蚊子、苍蝇等病媒生物密度较低;7个集中安置点内设有临时医疗点,所有医疗点均开展了传染病登记报告及症状监测登记报告。结论彝良城区的集中安置点公共卫生状况有待改善,仍存在肠道和呼吸道传染病的传播风险。

Background: Leptospirosis is a water-borne and widespread spirochetal zoonosis caused by pathogenic bacteria called leptospires. Human leptospirosis is an important zoonotic infectious disease with frequent outbreaks in recent years in China. Leptospirosis's emergence has been linked to many environmental and ecological drivers of disease transmission. In this paper, we identified the environmental and socioeconomic factors associated with leptospirosis in China, and predict potential risk area of leptospirosis using predictive models.Methods: Leptospirosis incidence data were derived from the database of China's web-based infectious disease reporting system, a national surveillance network maintained by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. We built statistical relationship between occurrence of leptospirosis and nine environmental and socioeconomic risk factors using logistic regression model and Maxent model.Results: Both logistic regression model and Maxent model have high performance in predicting the occurrence of leptospirosis, with AUC value of 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. Annual mean temperature (Bio1) and annual total precipitation (Bio12) are two most important variables governing the geographic distribution of leptospirosis in China. The geographic distributions of areas at risk of leptospirosis predicted from both models show high agreement. The risk areas are located mainly in seven provinces of China: Sichuan Province, Chongqing Municipality, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Province, and Hainan Province, where surveillance and control programs are urgently needed. Logistic regression model and Maxent model predicted that 403 and 464 counties are at very high risk of leptospirosis, respectively.Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of socioeconomic and environmental variables and predictive models in identifying risk areas for leptospirosis in China. The values of Geographic Information System and predictive models were demonstrated for investigating the geographic distribution, estimating socioeconomic and environmental risk factors, and enhancing our understanding of leptospirosis in China.