Objective To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of high-risk sexual behaviors before infection confirmation among middle-aged and elderly people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) transmitted via different routes. Methods We recruited 449 PLHIV in Wuhan city of Hubei province and aged 50 years and older at the diagnosis during the period from 2017 to June 30, 2019. A face-to-face anonymous survey was conducted among the PLHIV using a self-designed questionnaire to collect information on high-risk sexual behaviors and HIV-related knowledge before the confirmation of HIV infection. Chi-square test and multivariate analysis were used to explore influencing factors for high-risk sexual behaviors. Results Complete information were collected from 419 participants (353 males and 66 females with a mean age of 59.67 ± 7.48 years). The reported HIV transmission routes included extramarital heterosexual behaviors for 215 (51.3%) of the participants, heterosexual behaviors between HIV-discordant couples for 40 (9.5%) of the participants and homosexual behaviors for 164 (39.1%) of the participants. Multivariate analysis showed that for the participants being infected via extramarital heterosexual behaviors, ever working in places other than hometown (odds ratio [OR] = 4.55), being capable of making annual balance between income and expenditure (OR = 4.22), and history of commercial heterosexual behavior (OR = 11.20) were risk factors for multiple sexual partners before HIV infection confirmation; while for the participants being infected via homosexual behaviors, ever working in places other than hometown (odds ratio [OR] = 10.04), being capable of making annual balance between income and expenditure (OR = 26.29), and history of non-commercial temporary homosexual behavior (OR = 35.37) were risk factors for multiple sexual partners before HIV infection confirmation, but with a common knowledge/without knowledge about AIDS prevention (OR = 0.04/0.07) was a protective factor against multiple sexual partner. Conclusion Ever working in places other than hometown and being capable of making annual balance between income and expenditure are risk factors for multiple sexual partners before infection confirmation among middle-aged and elderly people living with human immunodeficiency virus.

目的 了解武汉市性病门诊男性就诊者艾滋病监测情况,分析目标人群高危行为以及HIV、HCV和梅毒感染状况,为制定科学的防艾措施提供依据.方法 按照《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案》,用连续采样方法,对2014—2018年监测期内所有符合条件的对象进行问卷调查并采集血样进行检测,每年监测400人,共完成样本量2000例.采用卡方检验比较各年度艾滋病知识知晓情况、行为学监测结果等的差异.结果 性病门诊男性就诊者年龄以19～56岁为主,占91.20％,平均年龄(35.80±12.55)岁.各年度对"一个感染了艾滋病病毒的人能从外表上看出来吗""蚊虫叮咬会传播艾滋病吗"两个问题回答的正确率均较低(<80.00％),艾滋病相关知识知晓率平均为75.10％,2015年后知识知晓率呈逐年上升趋势,5年间知晓率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=25.32,P<0.01).最近3个月与暗娼发生性行为的比例平均为37.70％;最近3个月与临时性伴发生性行为的比例平均为49.70％.近5年HIV、梅毒和HCV的阳性率平均值分别为2.80％、19.50％、1.45％.结论 性病门诊男性就诊者近年来艾滋病知识知晓率有所提升,但某些知识点的知晓率仍较低,该人群的高危性行为比例和HIV、梅毒阳性率仍较高,需加强对该类人群的宣传教育和预防干预,以减少性病艾滋病的传播.

目的:研究社会支持对新确证的HIV感染者/AIDS患者(people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，PLWHA)抑郁合并创伤后应激障碍(posttraumatic stress disorder，PTSD)的影响。方法:对2016年10月至2019年2月在武汉市金银潭医院艾滋病治疗门诊就诊的新确证PLWHA进行一对一的问卷调查，调查内容包括一般人口学特征及确证前HIV高危行为史，社会支持、抑郁和PTSD情况。抑郁合并PTSD的患者为P＋D组，无抑郁无PTSD的患者为N组，采用SPSS 21.0进行统计分析，卡方检验、 t检验和秩和检验比较两组变量之间的差异，多因素Logistic回归分析抑郁合并PTSD的影响因素。 结果:调查的320例PLWHA中，抑郁合并PTSD的患者(P＋D组)72例(22.50%)，无抑郁无PTSD的患者(N组)161例(50.31%)，两组的性别(χ 2＝9.84)、感染途径(χ 2＝11.16)、是否使用过毒品(χ 2＝30.00)构成比差异有统计学意义(均 P<0.05)，社会支持总分[(30.64±10.90)分，(25.51±8.55)分]、客观社会支持[(7.20±3.08)分，(5.76±2.24)分]、主观社会支持[(16.70±6.87)分，(14.04±5.61)分]、社会支持利用度[(6.74±2.59)分，(5.71±2.60)分]的评分均差异有统计学意义( t＝3.56，3.57，2.88，2.81，均 P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示，男性( β＝-1.48， OR＝ 0.23, 95% CI＝0.09～0.61)是PLWHA抑郁合并PTSD的保护因素，低水平社会支持( β＝1.40， OR＝4.05，95% CI＝1.36～12.10)是PLWHA抑郁合并PTSD的危险因素。 结论:PLWHA人群抑郁合并PTSD的患病率较高，应当注重性别和社会支持对PLWHA抑郁合并PTSD的影响。

目的 对2017年武汉市艾滋病疫情流行现状进行估计,为艾滋病防控决策提供依据.方法 依据武汉市人口学数据、艾滋病流行病学资料,利用Workbook模型,对武汉市2017年艾滋病疫情流行现状进行估计,并用卡方检验比较疫情估计与病例报告数据中性别及传播途径构成差异.结果 估计2017年武汉市现存活成年艾滋病病毒感染者(HIV)和艾滋病患者(AIDS)人数为6008例,HIV总体感染为0.064％,估计检测发现比例为75.02％.现存活者中,同性途径传播4017(66.86％)例,异性途径传播1803(30.01％)例,注射毒品传播188(3.13％)例,估计上述不同传播途径病例检测发现比例分别为73.89％、78.81％和48.94％.结论 武汉市艾滋病疫情仍处于低流行状态,但仍有近1/4的感染者尚未被发现.传播途径以同性传播为主,异性传播中配偶/固定性伴传播也占有一定比例.在下一步工作中,有必要探索和尝试更有效的艾滋病监测检测实践,特别是高危人群及其性伴的检测覆盖,以最大限度的早发现HIV/AIDS病例,降低二代传播的风险.

目的 探讨2017年深圳市宝安区一起学校急性胃肠炎暴发疫情的病原体和传播危险因素.方法 2017年10-11月,按照定义搜索深圳市宝安区某学校一起急性胃肠炎暴发疫情病例,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析,并选择罹患率较高的5个班级作为调查对象,采用回顾性队列研究方法,调查269名学生的病例接触史、就餐、饮水习惯等暴露情况,用logistic回归分析其流行因素.采集患者的粪便或肛拭子,以及直饮机水、桶装水、厕所洗手水等水样,运用试剂盒检测病毒核酸.结果 2017年10月20日至11月17日,共搜集病例98例,总罹患率为3.21％(98/3 052),男、女性罹患率分别为3.59％(61/1 698)和2.73％(37/1 354),差异无统计学意义(x2=1.782,P=0.181).第三教学楼学生罹患率最高,为3.94％(6/152),其次是主教学楼学生,罹患率为3.62％(84/2 319).各教学楼学生罹患率差异有统计学意义(x2=7.837,P=0.049),主教学楼不同楼层学生罹患率的差异无统计学意义(x2=1.861,P=0.713).回顾性队列研究共调查269人,饮直饮水(RR=6.975,95％ CI:1.871～26.027)和接触病例(RR=6.514,95％ CI:2.314～18.358)是危险因素.粪便和肛拭子样本星状病毒核酸检测总阳性率为28.00％(7/25),水样本均阴性.结论 结合现场流行病学调查和实验室检测结果,判断为一起主要通过接触传播引起的人星状病毒感染暴发疫情,建议学校早发现、早隔离、早报告,尽可能减少健康学生接触病例.

目的 应用艾滋病疫情估计和预测软件包(EPP)和Spectrum模型估计和预测武汉市艾滋病疫情特征和发展趋势.方法 收集、核实和整理武汉市各年度病例报告、哨点监测、专题调查、孕产妇筛查、羁押场所报表、抗病毒治疗、高危人群检测等工作数据,运用EPP-Spectrum模型进行曲线拟合和校正,组织专家论证并形成最终结果.结果 模型预测武汉市成人HIV感染率自2003年后明显上升,至2013年左右达到峰值,之后至2019年一直维持在较高水平,2019年成人的HIV感染率约为9.0/万,2020年以后成人感染率将出现下降趋势.各类人群中,感染者配偶/性伴的感染率最高,其次为男男人群.现存活HIV/AIDS人数自2000年开始逐渐上升,2022年估计现存活人数将达到8000人左右(95％CI:5421～9754).从性别年龄构成上来看,HIV感染者的主要年龄分布为青壮年,男性尤其是25～50岁男性是主要的受累人群.结论 武汉市当前仍属于艾滋病低流行地区,男男人群仍然是今后几年的干预重点.

老年艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)报告病例逐渐增多是近几年引起广泛关注的内容[1-3],明确当前老年HIV/AIDS病人的高危行为特征是实施有针对性的艾滋病预防干预措施的重要依据.既往的研究主要以≥50岁HIV/AIDS病人作为整体,未区分不同感染途径的老年HIV/AIDS病人高危行为特征的差异[4-6],本研究对不同感染途径的老年HIV/AIDS病人进行了深入访谈,了解其确证前后发生高危行为特征,以期为制定科学的艾滋病防控策略提供参考.

目的:了解武汉市高校低年级学生对艾滋病(AIDS)自愿咨询检测(VCT)服务的认知情况.方法:采用整群抽样的方法,对武汉市13所高校1615名大一、大二学生进行VCT服务认知情况的匿名问卷调查.结果:44.9％的学生知晓VCT服务,54.7％的学生有意愿利用VCT服务.多因素Logistic回归(Wald 向前法)分析显示,知晓VCT服务(OR=1.304)、认为发生不安全性行为后应主动寻求VCT服务(OR=2.630)、认为通过接受免费VCT服务可以知晓自己是否感染AIDS(OR=1.667)的学生VCT服务的利用率更高.认为自身与AIDS距离较近(OR=1.719)的HIV感染风险意识高的学生、男性学生(OR=1.298)以及周围同学接受过VCT服务(OR=2.697)的学生更愿意利用VCT服务.结论:应加强对VCT服务的宣传,提高高校低年级学生VCT服务认知水平和感染HIV的风险意识,转变其对AIDS 的恐惧和歧视心理,提高其HIV检测率.

目的 了解武汉市青年学生艾滋病疫情,为制定针对性的高校艾滋病防控策略提供科学依据.方法 利用武汉市2001—2016年艾滋病综合防治信息系统中的HIV/AIDS病例报告数据,选择其中15～24岁病例1537例建立数据库,其中包括青年学生病例348例,校外青年病例1189例,运用SPSS 22.0软件进行描述性比较分析.结果 武汉市2001年报告首例15岁及以上学生HIV/AIDS病例.截至2016年底,武汉市累计报告15～24岁青年学生HIV/AIDS病例348例,占所有15～24岁病例的22.6％,男女比例为37.7:1,大专及以上文化程度为89.4％,同性途径传播91.1％,主要样本来源为专题调查,其次为自愿咨询检测(VCT).历年新报告青年学生病例数呈增长趋势,特别是19～24岁年龄段.与校外青年病例比较发现,青年学生文化程度、同性传播比例及VCT检测比例均较高.结论 近年来武汉市报告的15～24岁青年学生病例数增长较快,19～24岁是主要的累及年龄段,同性性行为是主要危险行为,应及时加强对青年学生的性健康和预防艾滋病知识的宣传干预工作,进一步提高有高危行为青年学生的H IV主动检测意识.

目的 对2012-2017年武汉市HIV初筛阳性样本的检测结果进行分析,了解武汉市HIV抗体确证情况.方法 依据《全国艾滋病检测技术规范(2009年版、2015年修订版)》对各筛查机构HIV筛查阳性反应的样本进行酶联免疫复核和免疫印迹确证试验.结果 2012-2017年武汉市艾滋病确证实验室共收到11 749份初筛阳性样本,经复核和确证试验,7 433份(63.26％)诊断为HIV-1抗体阳性,3 780份(32.17％)为HIV-1抗体阴性,536份(4.56％)为HIV-1抗体不确定.阳性病例最多的年龄段为16 ～ 30岁.536例不确定样本中有156例(30.41％)进行了随访,120例(76.92％)确证为阳性,13例(8.33％)确证为阴性,23例(14.74％)仍为不确定.结论 2012-2017年武汉市HIV-1抗体阳性数增长趋势明显,应进一步加强急性期和不确定结果病人的管理,做到早发现、早治疗.

Objective: To estimate the serotype and age-specific hospitalization burden associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Anhua county of Hunan province, between October 2013 and September 2016. Methods: We collected hospitalization records of HFMD patients from 6 virological surveillance hospitals, and reimbursement records through new rural cooperative medical system from 23 township health centers to estimate the age-specific hospitalization burden of HFMD in Anhua. Combined with the results of virological surveillance, the serotype-specific hospitalization burden of HFMD in Anhua, was estimated. Results: During the three years, it was estimated that 3 541 clinical diagnosed HFMD cases, including 3 146 laboratory-confirmed HFMD cases, were hospitalized in Anhua, but only one was diaguosed as being severe. The estimated average hospitalization rate was 723/100 000(95%CI: 699/100 000-747/100 000) for clinical diagnosed HFMD and 642/100 000 (95%CI: 620/100 000-665/100 000) for laboratory-confirmed HFMD between October 2013 and September 2016. The cases caused by Cox A16 (208/100 000) and Cox A6 (202/100 000) had higher hospitalization rates compared with the cases caused by EV71 (130/100 000), Cox A10 (38/100 000) and other enterovirus (64/100 000), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). HFMD-associated hospitalization rates peaked in children aged 1 year (3 845/100 000), and then decreased with age. Compared with the hospitalized HFMD caused by EV71 and Cox A16, Cox A6-associated hospitalizations mainly occurred in younger age groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: Our study revealed a substantial hospitalization burden associated with mild HFMD caused by EV71, Cox A16, Cox A6 and Cox A10, especially in young children, in Anhua.

目的 了解武汉市社会组织(CBO)参与艾滋病防治工作现状和效果,为进一步推进CBO建设与发展,不断提高艾滋病防治工作能力和质量提供参考.方法 采用定性与定量相结合的调查方法,对参与武汉市艾滋病防治工作的6个社会组织进行问卷调查和访谈收集数据,同时收集同期相关专业机构相关数据并进行统计学分析.结果 6个社会组织中,经民政部门注册的3个;均有固定场所;负责人均为全职,工作人员以志愿者为主(82.28％);参与艾滋病防治服务范围与内容较全面;面临资金短缺、人员不稳定、工作能力和质量不高等突出问题和相关需求.2016-2017年本市通过社会组织进行艾滋病病毒(HIV)检测31 467例,检出阳性357例,检出率1.13％,高于相关专业机构阳性检出率0.73％(x2=48.361,P＜0.001).结论 社会组织在艾滋病防治尤其是在高危人群干预、检测方面具有明显优势和效果,但参与艾滋病防治现状尚未得到根本性改善,资金来源是面临的最大问题和需求.建议多途径加大对社会组织资金支持,进一步提升社会组织参与艾滋病防治能力和可持续性.

目的 分析2009-2016年湖北省武汉市艾滋病监测哨点吸毒人群艾滋病病毒(HIV)、梅毒、丙型肝炎(丙肝)感染状况和变化趋势.方法 2009-2016年每年4-6月,采用国家统一制定的问卷对武汉市哨点中监管场所和社区吸毒者、美沙酮门诊最近1个月吗啡尿检阳性者开展连续横断面调查,并采集调查对象血液标本进行HIV、梅毒和丙肝病毒(HCV)抗体检测.结果 2009-2016年共监测6 408名毒品使用者.HIV抗体阳性率平均为0.73％,维持在较低水平;梅毒为5.07％;HCV为54.35％,维持在较高水平.不同来源及特征的吸毒人群感染情况不同.多元logistic回归分析显示,外省户籍(OR=4.183,95％CI:1.670 ～ 10.476,P=0.002)、其他民族(OR=7.754,95％CI:2.537 ～ 23.703,P=0.000)、曾共用针具(OR=5.908,95％CI:2.906～12.009,P=0.000)、监管场所来源吸毒人员(OR=2.468,95％CI:1.054 ～ 5.783,P=0.038)是感染HIV的危险因素.女性(OR=2.705,95％CI:2.116 ～ 3.457,P=0.000)、有注射毒品史(OR=1.567,95％CI:1.133 ～ 2.165,P=0.007)、社区来源吸毒人员(OR=3.000,95％CI:2.265～3.973,P=0.000)是感染梅毒的危险因素.而女性(OR=1.135,95％CI:1.151～ 1.583,P=0.000)、本省(OR=1.439,95％CI:1.208～1.713,P=0.000)、传统毒品和混合毒品使用者(OR=3.643,95％CI:2.975 ～ 4.462,P=0.000;OR=3.454,95％CI:2.616 ～ 4.561,P=0.000)、有注射毒品史(OR=4.381,95％CI:3.777～5.082,P=0.000)、监管场所来源吸毒人员(OR=2.075,95％CI:I.809～ 2.381,P=0.000)是感染HCV的危险因素.结论 武汉市吸毒人群整体HCV抗体阳性率较高,新型毒品使用者比例呈上升趋势.在继续做好美沙酮维持治疗的同时需进一步调查当前吸毒人群HIV、梅毒和丙肝感染现况并分析影响因素.

Objective To assess the risk of public health emergencies, both the indigenous ones and the imported ones from other countries, which might occur in the mainland of China in April 2018. Methods An internet based expert counsel was conducted to analyze the surveillance data of public health emergencies and priority communicable diseases in China reported through different channels, and the experts in all the provincial centers for disease control and prevention attended this video conference. Results According to the analysis of recent and previous surveillance data of communicable diseases and public health emergencies, it is predicted that the incidence of public health emergencies would be higher in April than in March 2018, mainly the outbreaks of chickenpox, mumps, influenza, other infectious diarrheal diseases, hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD)occurred in schools. The incidence of seasonal influenza will continue to decrease to off-season level. It is time of health examination for students attending college and senior high school entrance examinations, more tuberculosis(TB)cases might be reported in students. The TB cases reported in the elderly would also increase due to the services targeting seniors in primary health care successively conducted in different areas. Many people like to pick fresh wild vegetables and fruits to eat in spring outing, however, they lack the knowledge for identifying poisonous plants, so food poisoning or allergy events might occur resulting from the intake of poisonous plants. The risks of importations of Middle East respiratory syndrome from Saudi Arabia, cholera from Somalia, yellow fever from Brazil and reassortant influenza A(H1N2)virus from Netherlands to the mainland of China are low. Conclusion It is predicted that the incidence of public health emergencies in April would has a normal seasonal increase in the mainland of China. However, there will be no events to which close attention should be paid, general attention should be paid to the public health risks of norovirus infection, influenza, TB and food poisoning caused by poisonous plants, and no particular attention needs to be paid to the public health emergencies occurred in other countries.

目的 评估2017-2018年全国冬春季重点传染病疫情形势,为进一步做好冬春季重点传染病监测与防控提供参考和指导.方法 根据我国传染病疫情报告信息管理系统、流感专病监测信息管理系统等监测数据,对2017年截至第50周(12月17日)的监测结果进行分析、研判.结果 截至2017年12月17日,全国法定传染病总体报告发病、死亡水平较2016年同期分别上升0.6％、8.0％.全国已进入流感流行季节,全国流感疫情持续上升,南北方流感可能出现更多病例和暴发事件;其他感染性腹泻病暴发疫情较2016年同期有较大幅度上升,疫情报告起数比同期(120起)增加182％,主要由诺如病毒暴发引起;流行性出血热报告病例数较多的省份为陕西、山东、黑龙江、辽宁、湖南;预计近期各地再报告学校结核病聚集性疫情的可能性较高;部分地区流行性腮腺炎、猩红热和百日咳等呼吸道传染病报告病例数上升幅度较大.结论 预计2017-2018年冬春季我国的传染病疫情仍将有所上升,需重点关注流行性感冒、诺如病毒感染性腹泻病、流行性出血热、肺结核等重点传染病疫情形势,做好疫情监测报告及暴发疫情处置,落实各项防控措施.积极做好人群的健康宣教与风险沟通.

Objective To assess the risk of public health emergency which might occur in mainland of China or be imported from the outside of mainland China in January 2018.Methods An internet based expert counsel was conducted to analyze the surveillance data of public health emergencies and priority communicable diseases in China reported through different channels,and the experts in all the provincial centers for disease control and prevention attended this video conference.Results According to the analysis of recent and previous surveillance data of infectious diseases and public health emergencies,it is predicted that the incidence of public health emergencies or infectious diseases of January 2018 would be higher than January 2017,mainly caused by the increase of seasonal influenza,chickenpox,and mumps outbreaks among students,however,the outbreaks in school would go down quickly during the winter vocation.The activity of seasonal influenza would still on the rise,and peak in the late January and early February.There may be some sporadic cases of human infection with avian influenza.Viral diarrhea outbreaks caused by norovirus and other enteroviruses would continue to occur.Severe air-pollution and non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning are all in their high seasons.The risks of importation to mainland China of middle east respiratory syndrome from Saudi Arabia,diphtheria from Yemen and Bangladesh,and yellow fever from Nigeria are expected to be low.Conclusion It is expected that the public health emergencies in mainland China in January 2018 will rise.Particular concern should be paid to the seasonal influenza,human infection with avian influenza,and non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning which might constitute public health emergencies.Close attention should be paid to viral diarrhea outbreaks and severe air-pollution.There is no concerned public health emergency outside the mainland China.

Objective To assess the risk of public health emergencies, both indigenous ones and imported ones, which might occur in the mainland of China in February 2018. Methods An internet based expert counsel was conducted to analyze the surveillance data of public health emergencies and priority communicable diseases in China reported through different channels, and the experts in all the provincial centers for disease control and prevention attended this video conference. Results According to the analysis of recent and previous surveillance data of communicable diseases and public health emergencies, it is predicted that the public health emergencies in February would be mainly communicable disease epidemics, such as seasonal influenza,human infection with avian influenza virus and viral diarrhoea. The activity of seasonal influenza would still be at high level,but the downtrend has been observed. The sporadic cases of human infection with H7N9 or other avian influenza viruses and viral diarrhea outbreaks caused by norovirus and other enteroviruses might continue to occur. It is still the high incidence season of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning. Conclusion It is predicted that the incidence of public health emergencies would decline in China in February 2018. Close attention should be paid to seasonal influenza and human infection with avian influenza viruses, and attention should be paid to the outbreaks of viral diarrhoea and non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning.

Objective To evaluate dating models and characteristics of newly-diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Wuhan,Hubei province.Methods A random sampling method was used to recruit the participants from Chinese AIDS control and prevention information system,and a face to face survey was performed by the health professionals to know the dating models,general demographic characteristics and HIV related behaviors of HIV-positive MSM.Results Of the newly-diagnosed HIV-positive MSM,72.76％ found their sex partners based on online dating,8.97 ％ on location dating,and 18.28％ on friend-recommendation.The websites of BlueD and QQ were most frequently used for online dating through mobile phones.Of the HIV-positive MSM based on online dating,42.65 ％ used rush poppers,and 7.11％ used other drugs.Conclusion Online dating through mobile phones is the main dating model for newly-diagnosed HIV-positive MSM in Wuhan.Websites of BlueD and QQ are the most commonly used tools for MSM to seek for sex partners.

Objective To compare the detection of HIV positive ( HIV) patients in different ways,and to explore more economical and proper ways of detection. Methods The HIV detection data of different detection ways in Wuhan from 2013 to 2016 went through comparative analysis. Results A total of 3357 cases of HIV/AIDS positive have been found in the serum of people from different categories in these four years,the top three detection ways for positive samples are:patients from medical institutions (2091 cases,62. 29％) ,MSM mobilization detection ( 555 cases, 16. 53％ mobilization detection ) , counseling for detection ( 500 cases, 14. 89％) . The top three sources of samples of patients from medical institutions are: blood recipient and preoperative examination (978 cases,46.77％),other clinics' patients (912 cases,43.61％),STD patients (187 cases,8.94％,incomplete statistics [ statistics were not made in 2013 and 2014 ] ) . There were significant statistical significance in different sample sources of medical institutions byχ2 test (χ2 =272. 304,P<0. 001). The positive rate of HIV screening increased from 10. 66％ (223/2091) in 2013 to 41. 89％ (876/2091) in 2016 after the implementation of PITC,which shows that PITC increases the efficiency of HIV detection. Conclusion In 2013-2016,most HIV positive patients in Wuhan were found in medical institutions. It is an effective way to improve the efficiency of HIV screening by vigorously carrying out PITC.

Rush poppers是rush或poppers的统称,主要成分是一系列具有挥发性的烷基亚硝酸盐.吸入rush poppers能松弛全身的平滑肌(包括肛门括约肌和阴道括约肌),所以其经常被用于增强性体验[1].国外研究已表明,使用rush poppers与HIV相关高危性行为的发生和HIV的传播均具有相关性[2-4],其滥用者往往具有多种毒品滥用?性活跃和多性伴等特征,易发生无保护性行为[5-6],从而增加HIV传播的可能性.国内关于男男性行为人群(men who have sex with men,MSM)使用rush poppers的专题调查较少,本研究从武汉市新报告的MSM HIV感染者角度出发,探索该人群rush poppers 使用情况,探索阳性MSM HIV 感染者使用rush poppers的相关因素.现将结果阐述如下.