ObjectiveTo grasp the occurrence pattern and epidemiological characteristics of poisonous mushroom poisoning events in China from 2014 to 2023, thus providing a basis for the prevention and control of poisonous mushroom poisoning. MethodsThe epidemiological characteristics of poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents reported by the Public Health Emergency Reporting Management Information System (PHERMIS) nationwide from 2014 to 2023 were descriptively analyzed. ResultsFrom 2014 to 2023, a total of 570 poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents were reported nationwide, involving 2 768 reported poisoning cases and 604 deaths. The incidents with 1 to 2 cases and 1 death were predominant, accounting for 35.79% and 48.77% of the total number of incidents, respectively. June to September was the period with high incidence (83.51%) of poisonous mushroom poisoning. Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou were the provinces with higher incidence of poisonous mushroom poisoning, with the reported incidents accounting for 35.79%, 16.32%, and 10.70% of the total, respectively. Self-picked poisonous mushrooms were the main source of poisoning, which accounted for 91.75% of the total number of incidents. The occurrence place of the incidents was mainly households, which accounted for 86.67% of the total number of incidents. Twenty-four species of poisonous mushrooms were identified through the surveillance reports, of which Amanita (Amanitaceae) caused the highest number of poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents, poisoning, and deaths, which accounted for 23.86%, 18.03%, and 31.46% of the total, respectively. ConclusionsDeaths caused by poisonous mushroom poisoning remain the main factor of deaths caused by food poisoning. The incidence is high in summer and fall, and accidental picking and ingestion by families are the main cause. The poisonous mushrooms eaten by mistake mainly belong to Amanita.

Background:Heatstroke causes numerous pathophysiological changes and can lead to death. Extreme heat events have been increasing in frequency, duration, and intensity worldwide in recent decades and are causing growing public health concern. However, epidemiological studies of heatstroke are limited in number and scope, and have had relatively small sample sizes. To better understand the epidemiological characteristics of heatstroke and advance evidence-based prevention and control strategies, we conducted an observational study of reported heatstroke cases in China. Methods:Cases included in this study were patients clinically diagnosed with heatstroke during the study period of 2010-2023, reported through a dedicated heatstroke surveillance system established by China CDC. We used descriptive statistical methods to determine the epidemiological characteristics of heatstroke in China. Findings:There were 86,406 heatstroke cases reported during the study period, with an increasing reporting trend (Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0·79). Annual incidence (Spearman r = 0·77) and proportion of severe cases (Pearson r = 0·67) were positively correlated with the number of nationwide average annual high-temperature days. The overall incidence was 44·83 per 10 million person-years, and the mortality rate was 0·89 per 10 million person-years; 32·02% of cases were severe; the overall case fatality rate (CFR) was 1·98%, and the CFR for severe cases was 6·19%. Most cases and deaths were reported in summer, with peaks in late July. The peaks of incidence, duration, and severity varied by region. The mean age was (50·46 ± 18·73) years, with male cases younger than female cases (49·21 ± 17·41 vs 53·60 ± 21·36; t = -28·73, p < 0·0001). For every five-year increase in age, the risks of severe heatstroke and death increased by 14·64% (95% CI: 1·1415-1·1513) and 25·76% (CI: 1·2400-1·2755), respectively. The male:female ratio was 2·49:1; males exhibited a higher risk of suffering from heatstroke and having greater disease severity than females. Interpretation:Our study provides a clear profile of heatstroke cases, and highlights differences by population, region, and time of year. Results inform formulation of evidence-based strategies for enhanced heatstroke preparedness and response, such as enhancing public health early warning systems, prioritizing protection for vulnerable groups, and advancing localized interventions for risk communication and clinical management. Funding:Public Health Talent Program of China's National Disease Control and Prevention Administration.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2025.101722.].

Resilience is widely discussed and applied across multiple disciplines, with its concept having evolved in the field of hazards and disasters over recent decades. However, there remains a lack of a resilience concept specifically applicable to infectious disease outbreaks, which can lead to misidentification of key issues in outbreak prevention and control, hindering the effective application of this concept. This study aims to provide a clear definition of resilience against infectious disease outbreaks. Building on the fundamental meaning of resilience and its application to hazards and disasters, the research has identified and developed several essential elements for resilience against infectious disease outbreaks by comparing infectious diseases with other types of natural hazards. This study then proposes that resilience against infectious disease outbreaks is the capacity to effectively prevent, detect, respond to, and control outbreaks without seriously affecting essential functions of health and social systems, which could be measured by the intensity of infectious diseases that an area can effectively manage. The concept and scope of resilience proposed in this study provide a valuable framework for improving regional capacity to better prepare for potential epidemic and pandemic threats in the future.

Introduction Climate change is intensifying extreme heat events, positioning heat-related illness as an escalating public health threat. However, multi-provincial, individual-level evidence quantifying the association between elevated temperatures and heat-related illness in China remains limited. Methods This multi-provincial study employed a time-stratified case-crossover design. Individual heat-related illness case data (2013-2022) were obtained from the Heat-related Illness Report System, which collects reports from local healthcare facilities and CDCs across 11 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs). We evaluated associations between daily mean and maximum temperatures and heat-related illness risk across multiple lag periods (lag0 to lag07), with lag01 designated a priori as the primary exposure window. Effect estimates are presented as relative risks (RR) and percentage changes in RR per 1 degrees C temperature increase. Subgroup analyses examined potential effect modification by sex, age, heat-related illness subtype, heat intensity, and geographic location. Results Between 2013 and 2022, 53,061 heat-related illness cases were recorded across study areas, with annual counts rising throughout the decade and reaching a peak of 14,025 in 2022. Although mild cases predominated each year (maximum 83.0% in 2015), the proportion of severe cases exhibited a concerning gradual increase. Regarding temperature associations, each 1 degrees C increase in daily mean temperature corresponded to a 21.03% (95% CI: 20.59, 21.47) elevation in the RR of heat-related illness. Daily maximum temperature demonstrated a comparable pattern, though risk estimates were marginally lower. Conclusion This study demonstrates a clear upward trend in heat-related illness incidence linked to climate change and confirms that elevated temperatures significantly increase disease risk. The escalating health burden necessitates urgent development and implementation of targeted heat-health action plans to protect vulnerable populations.

目的 评估2023年7月在我国(不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)发生或者可能由境外输入的突发公共卫生事件风险.方法 根据国内外突发公共卫生事件报告及重点传染病监测等各种资料和部门通报信息,采用专家会商法,并通过视频会议形式邀请省(自治区、直辖市)疾病预防控制中心专家参与评估.结果 预计7月突发公共卫生事件报告数可能较6月略有上升,以猴痘、新型冠状病毒感染、登革热、手足口病和水痘等传染病类事件为主,高温中暑风险增加.2023年6月全国新型冠状病毒感染疫情呈现波动下降趋势,XBB系列变异株为境内疫情主要优势流行株,当前疫情对医疗秩序和社会运行影响较小,仍需继续密切监测未来疫情进展.我国猴痘疫情短期内呈现较为快速的发展态势,男男性行为人群中持续传播风险较高.7月霍乱处于高发季节,可能出现散发病例或聚集性病例.预计7月登革热报告病例数将逐渐增多,手足口病病例数将继续增加,但增幅减缓.7月将继续迎来持续性高温天气,预计高温中暑风险上升.结论 对新型冠状病毒感染予以特别关注,对猴痘予以重点关注,对霍乱、登革热、手足口病、高温中暑予以一般关注.

目的 评估2023年6月在我国(不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)发生或者可能由境外输入的突发公共卫生事件风险.方法 根据国内外突发公共卫生事件报告及重点传染病监测等各种资料和部门通报信息,采用专家会商法,并通过视频会议形式邀请省(自治区、直辖市)疾病预防控制中心专家参与评估.结果 预计2023年6月突发公共卫生事件报告数可能较5月增多,以新型冠状病毒感染、流行性感冒、水痘、其他感染性腹泻病和手足口病等传染病类事件为主.自上次风险评估(2023年5月8日)以来至2023年6月6日,我国本土新型冠状病毒感染疫情呈现先波动上升后下降趋势;XBB系列变异株为境内疫情主要优势流行株;疫情对医疗秩序和社会正常运行影响较小;预计6月蘑菇中毒事件继续增多;预计6月高温中暑病例继续增多;根据既往报告情况,预计6月手足口病疫情将呈上升趋势;预计6月全国发热伴血小板减少综合征仍将处于高水平阶段.结论 对新型冠状病毒感染予以特别关注,对蘑菇中毒、高温中暑、手足口病、发热伴血小板减少综合征予以一般关注.

目的 评估2022年6月在我国大陆地区发生或可能由境外输入的突发公共卫生事件风险.方法 根据国内外突发公共卫生事件报告、重点传染病监测等各种资料和部门通报信息,采用专家会商法,并通过视频会议形式邀请省(自治区、直辖市)疾病预防控制中心参与评估.结果 总体上,预计6月突发公共卫生事件报告数较5月略有下降,仍以传染病事件为主.全国新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)疫情总体呈稳定下降态势,但局部地区仍有小幅波动且有新增疫情省份.发热伴血小板减少综合征将持续上升,报告病例数可能达到自该病发现以来历史新高,病例以散发为主,医护人员和/或患者家属需警惕续发感染的风险.食物中毒事件处于高发期,毒蘑菇中毒造成死亡的风险将上升.猴痘在全球传播风险为中等,需关注经入境人员输入疫情及其续发风险.结论 对新冠肺炎予以特别关注,对发热伴血小板减少综合征、食物中毒、猴痘予以一般关注.

Objective:To set up a structured or semi-structured database of public health emergencies, to integrate, extract, summarize and speculate effectively based on multi-source information, and to provide informatization and digitization support for emergency decision-making.Methods:Qualitative research methods, such as focus group and nominal group technique, in-depth interviews, were used to collect data and professional expertise of cases focusing on case categories, inclusion and exclusion principle, compiling framework and main influence factors. Structured model was constructed based on analyzing and summarizing emergency case essentials.Results:Twenty-five public health emergency cases were selected and included in this study. Followed by the 7-step compiling framework constructed in this study, a description-solution-conclusion scheme was proposed, composed of 9 parts, including structured case file, overview, chronicles, prevention and preparation, response and rescue, risk communication, restoration and reconstruction, after action report, references and attachments.Conclusion:A structured model was designed from the scenario-to-response perspective, with a database constructed following the standardized procedures, to retrospect the whole process from various aspects for the quick and impersonal reference of policy makers, which helping to overcome several obstacles for decision-making, for example, urgency, complexity, information uncertainty and accessibility, during public health emergency response, as well as further inspire the artificial intelligence utilization of historical experiences.

ObjectiveTo study the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of food poisoning events in China, so as to provide scientific basis for early warning, prevention and control.MethodsDescriptive study on the food poisoning data in 2018 collected from National Report Management Information System of Public Health Emergencies.Results291 food poisoning events were reported in 2018, which caused 7856 cases and 98 deaths. The numbers of events and cases of bacterial food poisoning account for 36.77%(107/291) and 63.11%(4 958/7 856) of the total respectively. Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pathogenic Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin were the main pathogenic factors. Mushroom poisoning accounted for 31.63% (31/98) of deaths. Food poisoning events occurred mainly from May to September. Food poisoning occurred in family accounted for 36.43% (106/291) of the total number of events and 86.73% (85/98) of the total number of deaths, as well as the highest fatality rate(6.84%, 85/1 243). Food poisoning occurred in Canteens accounted for 44.04%(3 460/7 856) of the total number of cases. Bacterial food poisoning events accounted for 50.67%(38/75) of the total number of events occurred in schools, and school canteens were the most frequent places where the events occurred in schools (80.00%, 60/75). Fruits, vegetables and their products, poisonous mushrooms and meat products were the top 3 food types that caused food poisoning, accounted for 18.90%(55/291), 14.09%(41/291) and 10.65%(31/291) of the total number of events separately. Compared with 2017, the events and deaths of food poisoning in China decreased in 2018 due to the significant reduction of fungal food poisoning events, while the cases increased because of the significantly increasing cases of bacterial food poisoning occurred in canteens and catering service units. The main pathogenic factors of vegetative food poisoning were aconitum and kidney bean, with a high incidence in autumn and winter. More attention should be paid to the poisoning caused by the consumption of Tachypleus rotundus.ConclusionSupervision, inspection and guidance should be strengthened in advance during the high incidence period of food poisoning, and early warning should be issued in time. Food safety supervision and guidance should also be conducted conscientiously in places such as canteens of collective units, catering service units, and rural self-organized family banquets. The abilities of early diagnosis, treatment and on-site disposal for rare toxicant poisoning in medical staff need to be improved. Various forms of health education should be carried out to popularize the knowledge of food poisoning prevention, advocate good hygiene habits and reduce the occurrence of food poisoning.

目的 评估2022年7月在我国大陆地区发生或者可能由境外输入的突发公共卫生事件风险.方法 根据国内外突发公共卫生事件报告及重点传染病监测等各种资料和部门通报信息,采用专家会商法,并通过视频会议形式邀请省(自治区、直辖市)疾病预防控制中心专家参与评估.结果 预计2022年7月的突发公共卫生事件报告数可能较6月略有下降,仍以传染病事件为主.全国新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情总体呈低水平波动态势,局部地区仍有小幅波动且有新增疫情省份,当前全国疫情防控形势依然严峻、复杂,仍面临本土疫情传播扩散和输入导致的本土传播风险;各地需按照国家总体要求高效做好统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展.当前处于霍乱易于传播季节,预计7月霍乱感染概率增大.近期南方流感活动水平远超过2019年以来同期水平,以A(H3N2)亚型为优势流行株,7月上旬后流感聚集性疫情可能会逐渐下降.每年7-8月为高温中暑发生和死亡的高发期,预计7月将维持较高水平.结论 对新型冠状病毒肺炎予以特别关注,对霍乱、流感和高温中暑予以一般关注.

Background The epidemiological characteristics and transmissibility of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may undergo changes due to the mutation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains. The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in the outbreaks of the different strains with regards to aspects such as epidemiological characteristics, transmissibility, and difficulties in prevention and control. Methods COVID-19 data from outbreaks of pre-Delta strains, the Delta variant and Omicron variant, were obtained from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Case data were collected from China's direct-reporting system, and the data concerning outbreaks were collected by on-site epidemiological investigators and collated by the authors of this paper. Indicators such as the effective reproduction number (Reff), time-dependent reproduction number (Rt), rate of decrease in transmissibility (RDT), and duration from the illness onset date to the diagnosed date (DID)/reported date (DIR) were used to compare differences in transmissibility between pre-Delta strains, Delta variants and Omicron variants. Non-parametric tests (namely the Kruskal-Wallis H and Mean-Whitney U tests) were used to compare differences in epidemiological characteristics and transmissibility between outbreaks of different strains. P < 0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant. Results Mainland China has maintained a “dynamic zero-out strategy” since the first case was reported, and clusters of outbreaks have occurred intermittently. The strains causing outbreaks in mainland China have gone through three stages: the outbreak of pre-Delta strains, the outbreak of the Delta variant, and outbreaks involving the superposition of Delta and Omicron variant strains. Each outbreak of pre-Delta strains went through two stages: a rising stage and a falling stage, Each outbreak of the Delta variant and Omicron variant went through three stages: a rising stage, a platform stage and a falling stage. The maximum Reff value of Omicron variant outbreaks was highest (median: 6.7; ranged from 5.3 to 8.0) and the differences were statistically significant. The RDT value of outbreaks involving pre-Delta strains was smallest (median: 91.4%; [IQR]: 87.30–94.27%), and the differences were statistically significant. The DID and DIR for all strains was mostly in a range of 0–2 days, with more than 75%. The range of duration for outbreaks of pre-Delta strains was the largest (median: 20 days, ranging from 1 to 61 days), and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion With the evolution of the virus, the transmissibility of the variants has increased. The transmissibility of the Omicron variant is higher than that of both the pre-Delta strains and the Delta variant, and is more difficult to suppress. These findings provide us with get a more clear and precise picture of the transmissibility of the different variants in the real world, in accordance with the findings of previous studies. Reff is more suitable than Rt for assessing the transmissibility of the disease during an epidemic outbreak.

目的 对吉林省肾综合征出血热病例进行流行特征描述,分析影响肾综合征出血热发病的流行病学因素.对吉林省气象因素与发病数据的关系进行讨论,探究影响发病的气象因素.方法 采用卡方检验对2007-2019年间吉林省不同月份、不同地区、不同性别、不同年龄组以及不同职业的发病比例进行差异比较.使用类泊松回归对2007-2017年间气象数据与发病数进行拟合,得到气象因素对发病数的影响.结果 2007-2019年间,吉林省共上报肾综合征出血热9317例.吉林省肾综合征出血热呈现流行特征为:发病率呈现缓慢下降趋势,每年5-6月以及11月会出现两个发病高峰,病例以男性农业人口为主,经济相对落后地区发病率高.气象因素分析发现,气温、降水与日照的改变会影响肾综合征出血热发病数(P＜0.05),回归系数分别为1.002、1.000、0.999.结论 可针对吉林省肾综合征出血热高发地区和高发人群进行重点防控,并在发病高峰来临前做好防治准备.

In response to more frequent heatwaves, various regional or national heat-health warning systems (HHWSs) have been developed recently as adaptation measures. A wide range of methodologies have been utilized to issue warnings, as there is no universal definition of "heat event" or "heatwave", nor are there quantified thresholds of human-health tolerance to extreme weather. The performance of these warning systems has rarely been evaluated with actual heat-health data, especially the morbidity data, in regions with severe impact. In this study, we assessed the performance of the Shanghai HHWS based on heat-related illness data collected by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) and then conducted a comparative analysis among the Shanghai HHWS, the China Meteorological Administration HHWS, the Chinese national standard for heatwave indexes, the heat index adopted by the USA's National Weather Service and the definition suggested by the World Meteorological Organization to understand their potential performance for application in Shanghai and to evaluate the temperature thresholds and different meteorological indices employed. The results show that: 1) during the research period, 50% of heat-related illnesses and 58.2% of heat-related deaths in Shanghai occurred on dates that had no heat warnings; 2) for the current threshold (35 °C), the single metric of temperature outperformed the temperature-duration two-parameter method; 3) different from existing studies, while infants and seniors are deemed as vulnerable population groups to heat, young and middle-aged males were found to suffer more heat-related illnesses in hot weather. More detailed analyses reveal that the performance of heat-health warning systems needs to be evaluated and revised periodically, and warning thresholds utilized must be localized to reflect public tolerance to heat and to address the vulnerability of target population groups. Temperature is the dominant threshold in heat-related morbidity and mortality analysis. While a decrease in the temperature threshold would definitely increase the warning frequency and socioeconomic costs, it might also cause warning fatigue. The trade-off between these two aspects is essential for decision-makers and other stakeholders in HHWS design and improvement.

BackgroundThe initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NCIP. MethodsWe collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of laboratory-confirmed cases of NCIP that had been reported by January 22, 2020. We described characteristics of the cases and estimated the key epidemiologic time-delay distributions. In the early period of exponential growth, we estimated the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number. ResultsAmong the first 425 patients with confirmed NCIP, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, as compared with 8.6% of the subsequent cases. The mean incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 7.0), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days. In its early stages, the epidemic doubled in size every 7.4 days. With a mean serial interval of 7.5 days (95% CI, 5.3 to 19), the basic reproductive number was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9). ConclusionsOn the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others.) The authors provide an epidemiologic analysis of the first 425 confirmed cases of infection with the novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. This analysis provides estimates of the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number and shows clear evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission.

目的 评估2020年9月在我国大陆地区发生或者可能由境外输入的突发公共卫生事件风险.方法 根据国内外突发公共卫生事件报告及重点传染病监测等各种资料和部门通报信息,采用专家会商法,并通过视频会议形式邀请省(自治区、直辖市)疾病预防控制中心专家参与评估.结果 总体上,随着学校开学,预计9月突发公共卫生事件的报告数将较8月略有上升.目前,全球新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情仍呈高流行态势,我国境内全部恢复低风险水平,发生境外输入病例及其续发风险持续存在,但在可控范围内.鼠疫不排除出现散发病例以及远距离传播疫情和境外输入疫情的可能.诺如病毒感染性腹泻可能在学校和托幼机构出现暴发疫情.食物中毒仍处于高发期.刚果民主共和国埃博拉病毒病疫情输入我国的风险低.结论 需要对新型冠状病毒肺炎予以特别关注,对鼠疫、诺如病毒感染性腹泻、食物中毒和刚果民主共和国埃博拉病毒病予以一般关注.

目的 通过对2018年第二季度全国(不含香港、澳门、台湾)食物中毒事件发生情况的分析,探讨其发生的规律及特点,以便进一步做好预防工作.方法 对2018年第二季度通过突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统报告的食物中毒事件的流行病学特征进行描述性分析.结果 2018年第二季度,全国18个省份共报告食物中毒事件80起,中毒2058例,死亡33例,其中Ⅳ级及以上的食物中毒事件44起,中毒1661例,死亡33例.山东省、云南省、四川省、广东省和广西壮族自治区报告事件数居前5位.细菌性食物中毒事件居报告首位,事件数和中毒人数分别占事件总数和中毒总人数的65.91％和68.08％;植物性食物中毒报告的死亡人数最多,占死亡总人数的45.45％.发生在家庭的食物中毒事件数和死亡人数分别占事件总数和死亡总人数的40.00％和72.73％,发生在集体食堂的食物中毒人数占中毒总人数的53.98％.结论 建议加强对集体食堂和饮食服务单位的监督指导,指导其采取正确的烹饪、加工和储存方法,减少细菌性食物中毒事件的发生.同时,针对家庭,以真菌性、植物性和细菌性食物中毒事件为主,应通过网络、媒体、社区宣传等多种形式对公众开展健康教育,掌握常见有毒植物和毒草的识别方法和自救措施,提高自我保护能力.

目的 评估2019年10月在我国大陆地区发生或者可能由境外输入的突发公共卫生事件风险.方法 根据国内外突发公共卫生事件报告及重点传染病监测等各种资料和部门通报信息,采用专家会商法,并通过视频会议形式邀请省(自治区、直辖市)疾病预防控制中心专家参与评估.结果 预计10月突发公共卫生事件的报告数将较9月继续上升,但规模可能低于前3年10月的平均水平.国庆期间北京市需重点关注流行性感冒(流感)等急性呼吸道传染病、诺如病毒病等肠道传染病,以及登革热、疟疾、中东呼吸综合征、埃博拉病毒病等输入性传染病.我国媒介伊蚊分布地区处于登革热高发期,本地传播地区和病例可能将继续增多.流感目前处于低流行态势,为了迎接即将到来的流感活动季节,建议各地提前做好流感疫苗接种工作.食物中毒10月将逐渐下降.刚果民主共和国埃博拉病毒病疫情仍将持续发生,但输入我国的风险低.2019年我国公民在国庆假期旅行时,境内游需关注登革热、诺如病毒病、霍乱、季节性流感等传染病疫情以及食物中毒的风险,出境游需关注登革热、霍乱、埃博拉病毒病、寨卡病毒病、黄热病和中东呼吸综合征等传染病疫情的风险.结论 需要对国庆活动期间的公共卫生风险、登革热予以重点关注,对季节性流感、食物中毒、国庆假期旅行卫生和刚果民主共和国埃博拉病毒病予以一般关注.

目的 了解我国学校(托幼机构)传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生规律和特点,为有效防控学校传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生提供参考依据.方法 对2014-2016年突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统报告的全国各类学校传染病突发公共卫生事件进行描述性分析.结果 2014-2016年全国共报告学校传染病突发公共卫生事件3 491起,报告病例116 682例,死亡16例.事件数居前5位的传染病分别是水痘、手足口病、流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎和其他感染性腹泻病,占事件总数的94.41％.呈春、冬季2个报告高峰.呼吸道传染病春、冬季发病以水痘为主;肠道传染病春季以手足口病为主,冬季以其他感染性腹泻病为主.小学、幼儿园、中学报告事件数最多的传染病分别是水痘、手足口病和流行性感冒.结论 呼吸道传染病是目前影响中国学校传染病突发公共卫生事件的首要因素.在不同季节对不同级别学校开展有针对性的防控工作是降低学校传染病突发公共卫生事件的关键措施.

目的 评估2019年8月在我国大陆地区发生或者可能由境外输入的突发公共卫生事件风险.方法 根据国内外突发公共卫生事件报告及重点传染病监测等各种资料和部门通报信息,采用专家会商法,并通过视频会议形式邀请省(自治区、直辖市)疾病预防控制中心专家参与评估.结果 预计8月突发公共卫生事件的报告数将与7月相近,处于全年较低水平.广东、云南等地登革热本地传播疫情仍将持续,部分地区可能会扩散并形成较大规模暴发.新生儿尤其是早产儿的埃可病毒11型感染暴发风险值得关注.食物中毒和高温中暑将处于全年的高发期.8月气象部门预测的洪涝灾区需要关注灾后可能导致的水源性、食源性和媒介传染病上升的风险.8月后蜂蛰伤风险在部分省份也将上升.刚果民主共和国埃博拉病毒病疫情仍将持续发生,但输入我国的风险依然为低.结论 2019年8月我国大陆地区无特别关注的突发公共卫生事件风险;需要重点关注登革热本地传播风险,一般关注埃可病毒聚集性感染、食物中毒、高温中暑、洪涝灾害、蜂蛰伤等事件以及刚果民主共和国埃博拉病毒病疫情输入的公共卫生风险.