INTRODUCTION:Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that has been reported in all ethnicities, with several identifiable pathogenic variants. There have been reported cases indicating that RTS may lead to low birth weight in fetuses, but specific data on the fetal period are lacking. Genetic testing for RTS II is currently carried out by identifying pathogenic variants in RECQL4.METHODS:In order to determine the cause, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis on the patient and his parents. Variants detected by WGS were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and examined in family members.RESULTS:After analyzing the WGS data, we found a heterozygous nonsense mutation c.2752G>T (p.Glu918Ter) and a novel frameshift insertion mutation c.1547dupC (p.Leu517AlafsTer23) of RECQL4, which is a known pathogenic/disease-causing variant of RTS. Further validation indicated these were compound heterozygous mutations from parents.CONCLUSION:Our study expands the mutational spectrum of the RECQL4 gene and enriches the phenotype spectrum of Chinese RTS patients. Our information can assist the patient's parents in making informed decisions regarding their future pregnancies. This case offers a new perspective for clinicians to consider whether to perform prenatal diagnosis.

Background: Plasma cell-free RNAs (cfRNAs) can serve as noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. However, the delay in blood processing may lead to unreliable results. Therefore, an unbiased evaluation based on the whole transcriptome under different storage conditions is needed. Methods: Here, blood samples were collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tubes and processed immediately (0 hour), or stored at room temperature (RT) or 4°C for different time intervals (2, 6, and 24 hours) before plasma separation. High-throughput sequencing was applied to assess the effects of storage conditions on the transcript profiles and fragment characteristics of plasma cell-free mRNA, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and small RNAs. Results: More genes changed their expression levels with time when blood was stored at RT compared with those at 4°C. Cell-free mRNA and lncRNA were relatively stable in blood preserved at 4°C for 6 hours, while cell-free microRNA (miRNA) and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) remained stable at 4°C for 24 hours. After 24 hours, more contamination of the leukocyte-derived RNAs occurred at RT, possibly due to apoptosis. Meanwhile, significant changes were also observed regarding the characteristics of the RNA fragments, including fragment size, the proportion of intron, and the pyrimidine frequency of the fragmented 3' end. Fifteen tissue-enriched genes were detected in the plasma but not expressed in leukocytes. The expression level and fragment length of these genes gradually decreased during storage, suggesting the degradation of the cfRNA and the dilution of leukocyte-derived RNA with other tissue-derived cfRNA. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the contamination of leukocyte-derived RNA and the degradation of original cfRNA contribute to the changes in the cfRNA expression profiles and the fragment characteristics during short-term storage. The storage of blood at 4°C for 6 hours allows plasma cfRNA to remain relatively stable, which will be useful for further studies or clinical applications where adequate quantification or the fragment signature of cfRNA is required.

Background. To explore whether salivary inflammatory mediators and periodontal indices at different gestational stages can be taken as indicators of preterm birth (PTB). Methods. This nested case-control study enrolled systemically healthy pregnant women at 9 to 36 weeks of gestation. Periodontal indices were measured at the enrollment date, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the saliva were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The birth outcome was recorded. Results. PTB occurred in 26 women. A total of 104 matched women with full-term birth (FTB) were used as controls. The PTB women enrolled at 24-28 gestational weeks displayed a significantly greater bleeding index (BI), probing pocket depth (PD), PD≥4 mm sites (%), saliva-TNF-α, and saliva-PGE2 (P<0.05). BI and PGE2 in the saliva were found to be positively associated with PTB (OR=4.79,P=0.048,95%CI=1.014 to 22.628;OR=1.07,P=0.04,95%CI=1.004 to 1.135, respectively). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of BI and saliva-PGE2 were 0.82 and 0.78, respectively, and that of the combined detection was 0.91, which was larger than either marker alone, although the differences were not significant (P>0.05). Conclusions. The combination of BI and PGE2 in saliva at 24-28 gestational weeks could be a predictor of PTB in asymptomatic women. However, the results should be further explored with larger sample size.

Abstract Background Cell‐free messenger RNA (cf‐mRNA) and long non‐coding RNA (cf‐lncRNA) are becoming increasingly important in liquid biopsy by providing biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis and prognosis, but the simultaneous characterization of coding and non‐coding RNAs in human biofluids remains challenging. Methods Here, we developed polyadenylation ligation‐mediated sequencing (PALM‐Seq), an RNA sequencing strategy employing treatment of RNA with T4 polynucleotide kinase to generate cell‐free RNA (cfRNA) fragments with 5′ phosphate and 3′ hydroxyl and RNase H to deplete abundant RNAs, achieving simultaneous quantification and characterization of cfRNAs. Results Using PALM‐Seq, we successfully identified well‐known differentially abundant mRNA, lncRNA and microRNA in the blood plasma of pregnant women. We further characterized cfRNAs in blood plasma, saliva, urine, seminal plasma and amniotic fluid and found that the detected numbers of different RNA biotypes varied with body fluids. The profiles of cf‐mRNA reflected the function of originated tissues, and immune cells significantly contributed RNA to blood plasma and saliva. Short fragments (<50 nt) of mRNA and lncRNA were major in biofluids, whereas seminal plasma and amniotic fluid tended to retain long RNA. Body fluids showed distinct preferences of pyrimidine at the 3′ end and adenine at the 5′ end of cf‐mRNA and cf‐lncRNA, which were correlated with the proportions of short fragments. Conclusion Together, PALM‐Seq enables a simultaneous characterization of cf‐mRNA and cf‐lncRNA, contributing to elucidating the biology and promoting the application of cfRNAs.

Cell-free messenger RNA (cf-mRNA) and long non-coding RNA (cf-lncRNA) are becoming increasingly important in liquid biopsy by providing biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis and prognosis, but the simultaneous characterization of coding and non-coding RNAs in human biofluids remains challenging. Here, we developed polyadenylation ligation-mediated sequencing (PALM-Seq), an RNA sequencing strategy employing treatment of RNA with T4 polynucleotide kinase to generate cell-free RNA (cfRNA) fragments with 5′ phosphate and 3′ hydroxyl and RNase H to deplete abundant RNAs, achieving simultaneous quantification and characterization of cfRNAs. Using PALM-Seq, we successfully identified well-known differentially abundant mRNA, lncRNA and microRNA in the blood plasma of pregnant women. We further characterized cfRNAs in blood plasma, saliva, urine, seminal plasma and amniotic fluid and found that the detected numbers of different RNA biotypes varied with body fluids. The profiles of cf-mRNA reflected the function of originated tissues, and immune cells significantly contributed RNA to blood plasma and saliva. Short fragments (<50 nt) of mRNA and lncRNA were major in biofluids, whereas seminal plasma and amniotic fluid tended to retain long RNA. Body fluids showed distinct preferences of pyrimidine at the 3′ end and adenine at the 5′ end of cf-mRNA and cf-lncRNA, which were correlated with the proportions of short fragments. Together, PALM-Seq enables a simultaneous characterization of cf-mRNA and cf-lncRNA, contributing to elucidating the biology and promoting the application of cfRNAs.

BACKGROUND Plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) are potential biomarkers for disease prediction and diagnosis. However, pre-analysis factors, such as the delay in blood processing and storage may lead to unreliable results, though no study has systematically evaluated the effect of blood storage conditions on the whole transcriptome of plasma cfRNA yet. METHODS We collected peripheral blood samples from four healthy subjects and allowed them to stand at room temperature or 4◻ for different time periods (0h, 2h, 6h and 24h) prior to plasma separation. Then, plasma cfRNA stability was evaluated by measuring expression changes of cell-free mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA using high throughput sequencing-based profiling. Finally, their paired leukocyte RNA data were integrated to depict the effect of leukocytes on plasma cfRNA during storage. RESULTS Plasma mRNA and lncRNA presented high correlations (Pearson R 2 ≥ 0.8) and fewer variations when blood was stored at 4◻ for 6 hours or stored at RT for 2 hours. miRNA was more stable, with minimal R 2 of 0.86 at 4◻ for at least 24 hours or at RT for 6 hours. Correlations of plasma RNA and leukocyte RNA increased with the incubation time, and the relative proportion of neutrophils in plasma grown from 14.3% to 61.2% at RT ( P = 0.004), indicating leukocyte RNA contamination. Besides, the tissue enriched genes in plasma were down-regulated with the extension of storage time. CONCLUSIONS Our results characterized the effects of short-term storage of blood samples on plasma cfRNA, which will facilitate further researches or clinical applications to avoid bias resulting from sample processing.

OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to investigate the association between periodontal indexes and biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and preterm birth (PTB) in pregnancy, as well as to assess the clinical value of these indexes as predictors of PTB. METHODS:A nested case-control study was conducted. A total of 300 systematically healthy pregnant women were selected within 36 weeks of gestation and grouped according to the enrolled weeks. Periodontal indexes, including probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI), gingival index (GI), and five biomarkers in GCF, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured at the enrolled date. The detailed birth outcome was recorded. RESULTS:Only women at 24-28 weeks of gestation per PTB case (four full-term births) were selected as controls subjects, PTB displayed significantly greater GI, BI, and 8-OHdG (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that BI and 8-OHdG were the dependent risk factors of PTB (OR=5.90, P=0.034; OR=1.18, P=0.045, respectively). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of BI and 8-OHdG were 0.80 and 0.69, and that of the combined detection was 0.82, which was larger than the individual detection, although the differences were not significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Increased BI and 8-OHdG at 24-28 weeks of gestation are risk factors for PTB. Their combined detection may have some value in the prediction of PTB, but further studies with a larger sample size are needed to explore it and thus provide experiment evidence for establishing an early warning system for PTB in pregnant women with periodontal disease.

目的 探讨在门诊使用较简洁和准确的孕产期心理筛查量表,了解孕妇的心理健康状况.方法 对2016年8月1日至10月31日在南方医科大学附属深圳市妇幼保健院就诊的196名孕妇进行了患者健康问卷抑郁症状群量表(P H Q-9)、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)的评估,并对关联量表进行一致性分析.结果 用PHQ-9量表进行的筛查结果显示:孕期无抑郁137人(69.9％),抑郁59人(30.1％),其中轻度47人(24.0％)、中重度12人(6.1％);用GAD-7量表进行的筛查结果显示:孕期无焦虑144人(73.5％),焦虑52人(26.5％),其中轻度44人(22.4％)、中重度8人(4.1％);用SDS量表进行的筛查结果显示:无抑郁152人(77.6％),抑郁44人(22.4％),其中轻度29人(14.8％)、中重度15人(7.7％);用SAS量表进行的筛查结果显示:无焦虑176人(89.8％),焦虑20人(10.2％),其中轻度16人(8.2％)、中重度4人(2.0％).PHQ-9与SDS量表的加权Kappa=0.469(Z=7.958,P<0.05),GAD-7与SAS量表的加权Kappa=0.370(Z=6.879,P<0.05).结论 孕妇在孕期焦虑抑郁情绪占比较大,孕妇心理健康问题的筛查应作为常规孕产期保健项目,PHQ-9与SDS量表、GAD-7与SAS量表的评价方法的测评结果具有一定的一致性,可以辅助作为临床孕妇焦虑抑郁的筛查工具.

Leukocytes reflect the physiological and pathological states of each individual, and transcriptomic data of leukocytes have been used to reflect health conditions. Since the overall impact of ex vivo conditions on the leukocyte transcriptome before RNA stabilization remains unclear, we evaluated the influence of temporary storage conditions on the leukocyte transcriptome through RNA sequencing. We collected peripheral blood with EDTA tubes, which were processed immediately or stored either at 4 °C or room temperature (RT, 18–22 °C) for 2 h, 6 h and 24 h. Total cellular RNA was extracted from 42 leukocyte samples after red blood cells lysis for subsequent RNA sequencing. We applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis to construct co-expression networks of mRNA and lncRNA among the samples, and then performed gene ontology (GO) term enrichment to explore possible biological processes affected by storage conditions. Storage conditions change the gene expression of peripheral leukocytes. Comparing with fresh leukocytes, storage for 24 h at 4 °C and RT affected 1515 (1.51%) and 10,823 (10.82%) genes, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis identified nucleosome assembly enriched in up-regulated genes at both conditions. When blood was stored at RT for 24 h, genes involved in apoptotic signaling pathway, negative regulation of cell cycle and lymphocyte activation were upregulated, while the relative proportion of neutrophils was significantly decreased. Temporary storage conditions profoundly affect the gene expression profiles of leukocytes and might further change cell viability and state. Storage of blood samples at 4 °C within 6 h largely maintains their original transcriptome.

The expression of human and microbial genes serves as biomarkers for disease and health. Blood RNA is an important biological resource for precision medicine and translational medicine. However, few studies have assessed the human transcriptome profiles and microbial communities composition and diversity of peripheral blood from different cell isolation methods, which could affect the reproducibility of researches. We collected peripheral blood from three healthy donors and processed it immediately. We used RNA sequencing to investigate the effect of three leukocyte isolation methods including buffy coat (BC) extraction, red blood cell (RBC) lysis and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) isolation with the comparison with whole blood (WB), through analyzing the sensitivity of gene detection, the whole transcriptome profiling and microbial composition and diversity. Our data showed that BC extraction with high globin mRNA mapping rate had similar transcriptome profiles with WB, while RBC lysis and PBMC isolation depleted RBCs effectively. With the efficient depletion of RBC and distinct compositions of leukocyte subsets, RNA-seq of RBC lysis and PBMC isolation uniquely detected genes from specific cell types, like granulocytes and NK cells. In addition, we observed that the microbial composition and diversity were more affected by individuals than isolation methods. Our results showed that blood cell isolations could largely influence the sensitivity of detection of human genes and transcriptome profile.

Objective: To evaluate periodontal status of 380 pregnant women and its related factors. Methods: 380 healthy pregnant women aged 20 to 43 at 10-35 weeks of gestation were enrolled and received a questionnaire and a periodontal examination, in order to compare and analyse the effects of different ages, gestational weeks and educational levels on periodontal condition. Results: The prevalence of periodontal disease of the subjects was 87. 1％. In first (10-15 weeks), second (16-27 weeks) and third (28-35 weeks) trimester PD (mm) was 2. 48 ± 0. 54, 2. 60 ± 0. 54 and 2. 71 ± 0. 48 respectively (P ＜ 0. 05) ; the percentage of PD≥4 mm in 2 or more sites were 76. 5％, 84. 1％ and 93. 5％ respectively (P ＜ 0. 05) ; GI and BI did not show significant differences among of the 3 groups trimester stages (P＞ 0. 05) ; PD in maternal age (year) 20-27, 28-35 and 36-43 years was2. 39 ± 0. 51, 2. 61 ± 0. 53 and 2. 61 ± 0. 56 respectively (P ＜ 0. 05) . A significantly positive linear trend was observed between age and GI (P ＜ 0. 05) or PD (P ＜ 0. 05), but without significant correlation between age and BI. Significant correlation was found between pregnant weeks and PD (P ＜ 0. 05), but without correlation between pregnant weeks and GI (P＞ 0. 05) or BI (P＞ 0. 05) .Conclusion: The prevalence of periodontal disease during pregnancy is high. Meanwhile, the periodontal inflammation is increasing worse with the increase of gestational weeks and maternal age.

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been widely used in prenatal test and cancer diagnosis nowadays. The cost- and time-effective isolation kits are needed especially in large-scale clinical application. Here, we compared three domestic kits: VAHTS Serum/Plasma Circulating DNA kit (VZ), MagPure Gel Pure DNA mini kit (MG) and Serum/Plasma Circulating DNA Kit (TG), together with QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit (QC) and QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (QD) in cfDNA isolation. cfDNA was isolated from the pooled samples with spike-in fragments, qPCR was conducted to quantify the spike-in fragments recovery. The results indicated that all of the five kits could isolate cfDNA with different efficiency. The VZ kit had an efficiency as high as 90 percent, which is comparable to QC kit. The libraries were constructed using the isolated cfDNAs, quantified by Qubit and analyzed by 2100 bioanalyzer. Both showed the libraries were qualified. Finally, cffDNAs were detected by qPCR targeting SRY gene using libraries from pregnant women bearing male fetuses. All five kits could isolate cffDNAs that could be detected by qPCR. Our results provided more choices in wide-scale clinical application of cfDNA-based non-invasive genetic tests.

Cell-free RNA, including both long RNA and small RNA, has been considered important for its biological functions and potential clinical usage, but the major challenge is to effectively sequence them at the same time. Here we present PolyAdenylation Ligation Mediated-Seq (PALM-Seq), an integrated sequencing method for cell-free long and small RNA. Through terminal modification and addition of 3’ polyadenylation and 5’ adaptor, we could get mRNA, long non-coding RNA, microRNA, tRNA, piRNA and other RNAs in a single library. With target RNA depletion, all these RNAs could be sequenced with relatively low depth. Using PALM-Seq, we identified pregnant-related mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in female plasma. We also applied PALM-Seq to sequence RNA from amniotic fluids, leukocytes and placentas, and could find RNA signatures associated with specific sample type. PALM-Seq provides an integrated, cost-effective and simple method to characterize the landscape of cell-free RNA, and can stimulate further progress in cell-free RNA study and usage.

BACKGROUND Research on peripheral leukocyte gene expression in human health and disease is growing rapidly. However, how to process sample efficiently, simply and stably, and how to reflect human physiological state preferably remains critical issues in large cohort studies.METHODS We used RNA-seq to explore the differences of gene expression profiles among whole blood (WB) and three groups of leukocytes from buffy coat (BC) extraction, red blood cell (RBC) lysis and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) isolation.RESULTS The residual globin mRNA in leukocytes from RBC lysis (1.00% ±1.23%) and PBMC isolation (0.06% ± 0.03%) was much less than that in leukocytes from BC extraction (17.48% ± 6.95%) and WB (24.46% ± 6.43%), resulting in higher transcriptome mapping rates and larger numbers of detected genes. The expression of 616 genes associated with leukocyte function was slightly higher in leukocytes from RBC lysis than that from BC extraction and WB, but barely detected in leukocytes from PBMC isolation.CONCLUSIONS We suggest that sample processing based on RBC lysis could allow better applications of gene expression profiling of peripheral leukocytes in large cohort studies.

Preterm birth is not only one of the most common causes of infant deaths but also a great risk for them to have severe subsequent health problems. The causes of preterm birth may be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, however, it remains largely unknown. Here we report an untargeted lipidomics dataset of plasma specimens from 258 pregnant women at the stage of twelve to twenty-five gestational weeks. Among them, 44 had extremely to very preterm births, 54 had moderate preterm births, 71 had late preterm births and 89 had full-term deliveries. The metabolomic profiling was generated with an UPLC-MS in both the positive and negative mode, and putative identification of all the metabolites was provided by searching against online databases. The quality assessment performed on quality control samples showed that the data is reproducible, robust and reliable. Both the raw data files, the raw and processed data matrix were available on MetaboLights, which may be used as a valuable validation dataset for new findings and a test dataset for novel algorithms.

目的 研究妊娠期糖代谢与胰升血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)的关系. 方法 选取妊娠26～28周的孕妇及未孕育龄妇女90名,分为GDM组30例、糖耐量正常妊娠组(GNGT) 30名及糖耐量正常未孕组(NGT) 30名.检测各组75 g OGTT各时点(0 h、1h、2 h)血清葡萄糖、胰岛素及GLP-1水平,并测量体重、血压及血脂水平. 结果 GDM组GLP-1水平最低,NGT组最高.3组1 hGLP-1水平、1 hIns分泌指数(△Ins/△PG)及1 hGLP-1分泌指数(△GLP-1/△PG)比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多元线性回归分析显示,孕期体重和HOMA-IR是妊娠期GLP-1的影响因素,HOMA-IR、FIns和GLP-1是妊娠期FPG的影响因素. 结论 妊娠期GLP-1水平下降,餐后反应下降,GDM者下降更为明显;GLP-1影响妊娠期糖代谢,可能参与了GDM的发生..

目的 评价应用促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRHa)联合等离子宫腔镜治疗子宫黏膜下肌瘤的优势和安全性.方法 GnRHa组术前应用GnRHa联合宫腔镜双极电切除子宫黏膜下肌瘤26例(0型或1型,其中0型17例),肌瘤直径约2.2~4.5cm;非GnRHa组术前不采用GnRHa直接用等离子宫腔镜双极电切除子宫黏膜下肌瘤22例(0型或1型,其中0型13例),肌瘤直径2.1～4.2cm.结果 GnRHa组术中膨宫液总用量2 500～5 000mL,平均3 200mL,平均膨宫液吸收量820±142mL,手术时间20～70min,平均43±15min,术中出血量20mL,非GnRHa组患者术中膨宫液总用量2 800～7 000mL,平均5 000mL,平均膨宫液吸收量1 450±235mL,手术时间35～85min,平均58±18min,术中出血量50mL,术后随访3个月,2组患者均无明显肌瘤复发.结论 GnRHa联合等离子宫腔镜电切治疗子宫黏膜下肌瘤具有安全、损伤小、恢复快、高效率等特点,宜于推广.

目的 探讨白细胞介素(IL-17)、(IL-6)与子宫内膜异位症(EMs)患者发生不孕的关系.方法 选择子宫内膜异位症患者45例,包括不孕患者30例(EMs不孕组)与非不孕患者15例(EMs非不孕组),同时选择15例健康成人作为健康对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附法分析3组对象血清中IL-17及IL-6的表达水平,并进行比较分析.结果 EMs不孕组患者手术后血清中IL-17、IL-6水平较手术前明显降低[(14.3±1.1)ng/L比(15.8±2.1)ng/L,(45.3±6.1)ng/L比(52.2±6.1)ng/L,均P<0.05].EMs不孕组患者手术前血清中IL-17、IL-6水平与健康对照组[(7.0±1.1)、(9.2±1.9)ng/L]、EMs非不孕组[(12.0±1.2)、(33.1±5.8)ng/L]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01、P<0.05).EMs不孕组患者手术后和EMs非不孕组患者血清中IL-17、IL-6水平与健康对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).EMs不孕组血清IL-17、IL-6水平与临床分期呈正相关(r=0.272,P<0.05).结论 IL-17及IL-6参与了EMs及其所致不孕的发生及进展,IL-17及IL-6检测对EMs不孕患者的早期辅助诊断、疗效观察及预后判断肯定有意义.

To explore the levels of lead exposure of pregnant women in first trimester and to study the effect of health education intervention on them,blood lead levels(BLL) of 1 213 pregnant women in first trimester were detected by atomic absorption spectrosmetry.The 160 pregnant women who had BLL≥50 μg/L were randomly divided into two groups A and B according to receiving health education intervention or not.Group A received the health education interventions including environment improvement,hands cleaning,nutrition advice and informed adverse effects of lead on pregnancy and fetus.Group B did not receive the intervention.After three months we re-examined their BLLs.The results showed that the median of BLLs of all the pregnant women was 47 μg/L,59(4.9%) of them had BLL≥100 μg/L,184(15.2%) had BLL≥50 μg/L.The results of re-examination after 3 months intervention indicated that BLLs of 66 cases(67.3%) dropped to 50 μg/L in group A,while 7 cases(11.3%) in group B.After intervention,the range and numbers of dropping in BLLs of group A were much more significantly than those of group B(P0.01).It concludes some of the pregnant women in first trimester in the district have higher BLL than 50 μg/L,aggressive intervention of health education on them is necessary and effective.

Objective: To understand the present stage of breast feeding on the post parturm mothers who delivery in our hospital,analysis the influential factors why the rate of breat feeding keep still low.Methods:The data were from the same questionnaire answered by the post partum mothers who were visited and the Purperas who come back to hospitalto have a health examination in 42 days after delivery.To analyze and compare awareness of the situation of maternal breast-feeding of different delivery modes,the impact of breast-feeding factors and feeding patterns.Results: The knowledge on breast-feeding of vaginal delivery puerpera was less than cesarean section.Main factors affecting breast-feeding were posture,painn,and so on,these was difference between vaginal delivery and cesarean section.The breast feeding rate of caesarean purpers was obvious lower than the purperas who through vagina give birth to baby.Conclusions:Mother milk's includes various nourishment that an infant need,it is the infant's most ideal food;Breast feeding can promote mother baby's affection,lower mother and baby's fall ill rate.Therefore,we must persist in initiating the breast feeding actively,raise the rate of breast feeding and promote the mother and baby's mind and body to develop.