Abstract BACKGROUND: One of the key quality indicators of non-removable dentures is their tight fit to the prosthetic bed. Errors in the clinical and laboratory stages of denture manufacturing lead to the fact that ready-made non-removable dentures have different degrees of fit. Most methods for assessing the degree of fit of prostheses are mainly of scientific interest and have not found wide clinical application due to the complexity of execution and inconvenience of use. AIM: To improve the effectiveness of prosthetic treatment by enhancing the fit of fixed dental prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A silicone test and a special device called a calibrator were used to assess the fit of the completed prostheses. The calibrator allows the clinician to quickly and accurately measure the thickness of the silicone film. RESULTS: It was found that all prostheses received from the dental laboratory exhibited varying degrees of fit. The range of values was from 20 μm to 200 μm. The fit of 50% of the prostheses exceeded 100 μm. Clinical adjustment of crowns using the proposed method improved their fit by an average of 59,28%. CONCLUSION: The proposed clinical method for assessing the degree of marginal fit of fixed dentures and its correction allows the doctor to control this indicator and achieve clinically acceptable values. Keywords: fit of fixed prostheses, silicone test, test calibrator, silicone film thickness, marginal gap

Хронический рецидивирующий афтозный стоматит (ХРАС) представляет собой хроническое воспалительное заболевание слизистой оболочки полости рта. Пациенты с ХРАС характеризуются увеличением активности прооксидантных процессов и снижением функции антиоксидантной системы. Цель — изучение функциональной активности антиоксидантных ферментов в ротовой жидкости больных с ХРАС на фоне терапии антисептиками и репарантами. Была изучена ротовая жидкость 60 человек с диагнозом ХРАС, разделенных на 2 равные группы: в I группе пациенты использовали для полоскания хлоргексидин (контроль), во II группе — октенидин + феноксиэтанол в течение 7 суток. Через 7 суток лечение продолжали репарантами (Колитекс-гель-ДНК-Л, депротеинизированный диализат из крови здоровых молочных телят, облепихи масло), для чего каждую группу пациентов поделили на три подгруппы. Для оценки ферментного звена антиоксидантной системы определяли активность супероксиддисмутазы (СОД), каталазы, глутатионредуктазы (ГР) и глутатионпероксидазы (ГП) на 1, 7 и 21-е сутки исследования в ротовой жидкости. У пациентов контрольной I группы на 7-е сутки активность каталазы увеличилась на 20,9%, активность СОД — на 22,2%, активность ГР — на 20,4%, активность ГП — на 56,4% от первоначального значения, а у пациентов II группы активность каталазы возросла — на 28,2%, активность СОД — на 30,8%, активность ГР — на 25,5%, а активность ГП — на 82,7% от первоначального значения. У пациентов с афтозным стоматитом функционирование ферментов антирадикальной защиты в ротовой жидкости находится в дисбалансе. При использовании антисептиков с анестетиком вместе с различными репарантами у пациентов с ХРАС наблюдается восстановление активности ферментов антирадикальной защиты ротовой жидкости, что играет важную роль в терапии хронических воспалительных заболеваний. Использование антисептиков и репарантов помогает нивелировать окислительный стресс и улучшить общее состояние полости рта у пациентов с ХРАС. Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis (CRAS) Is a chronic inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Patients with CPAS are characterized by an increase in the activity of pro-oxidant processes and decreased function of the antioxidant system. The aim is to study the functional activity of antioxidant enzymes in the oral liquid of patients with CRAS on the background of therapy with antiseptics and reparants. . The oral fluid of 60 people with the diagnosis of CRAS was studied with the diagnosis of CRAS, divided into 2 equal groups: in the group I patients used chlorhexidine for rinsing (control), in group II — octenidine+phenoxyethanol for 7 days. After 7 days the treatment was continued with reparants (Kolitex-gel-DNA-L, deproteinized dialysate from the blood of healthy dairy calves, sea buckthorn oil, sea buckthorn oil), calves, sea buckthorn oil), for which each group of patients was divided into three subgroups. To assess the enzyme link of the antioxidant system we determined activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase on the 1st, 7th and 21st days of the study in oral fluid. . In patients of control group I on the 7th day the activity of catalase increased by 20,9%, SOD activity — by 22,2%, GR activity — by 20,4%, GP activity — by 56,4% of the initial value. 56.4% of the initial value, and in group II patients the activity of catalase increased by by 28.2%, SOD activity — by 30.8%, GR activity — by 25.5%, and GP activity — by 82.7% of the initial value. . In patients with aphthous stomatitis the functioning of the of antiradical defense enzymes in oral fluid is in imbalance. At The use of antiseptics with an anesthetic together with various reparants in patients with CRAS, there is a restoration of the activity of enzymes of antiradical defense enzymes in the oral fluid, which plays an important role in the therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases of chronic inflammatory diseases. The use of antiseptics and reparants helps to equalize oxidative stress and improve the overall condition of the oral cavity of the oral cavity in patients with CRAS.

Разрушение клинической коронки зуба — это распространенная проблема, часто встречаемая на стоматологическом приеме. Для восстановления отсутствующей коронковой части зуба в клинической практике, как правило, применяют штифтовые конструкции: культевые штифтовые вкладки, покрытые искусственными коронками, или штифтовые зубы. На сегодняшний день у врачей появилась возможность возмещать потерю коронковой части при помощи непрямых вкладок и накладок, используя в качестве ретенционного ресурса стенки пульповой камеры. Однако успех стоматологического ортопедического лечения зависит не только от ретенционных свойств изготовленных конструкций. Огромное влияние на отдаленные результаты протезирования оказывает распределение жевательной нагрузки, а также совокупность напряжений и деформаций, возникающих при действии этой нагрузки на восстановленные зубы. Цель исследования — провести анализ напряженно-деформированного состояния при использовании различных ортопедических конструкций для восстановления полностью разрушенной клинической коронки зуба. Моделирование геометрических моделей проводили на CAD-комплексе Ansys SpaceClaim. Моделировали два варианта направления жевательной нагрузки: вертикальное и под углом 45° к окклюзионной поверхности клинической коронки, в результате расчетов получали картину распределения напряжений в объемной конструкции. Для исследования были выбраны 3 ортопедические конструкции: литая культевая штифтовая вкладка, покрытая искусственной коронкой из диоксида циркония (I группа); цельнокерамическая эндокоронка с ящикообразной формой полости и углом наклона боковых стенок в 10° (II группа); цельнокерамическая эндокоронка в виде обратного усеченного конуса с конвергенцией боковых поверхностей в сторону меньшего основания под углом в 3°, при этом периметр меньшего основания усеченного конуса закругляли (III группа). Максимальные напряжения, возникающих в тканях зуба при вертикальной нагрузке и нагрузке под углом 45° наиболее высоки были в I группе — 9,46 и 14,58 МПа соответственно. Во II группе вертикальная и нагрузка под углом вызывали максимальные напряжения в зубе 7,42 и 9,28 МПа соответственно, что на 22 и 36% меньше чем I группе. Наименьшие показатели напряжений, возникающих в сечении зуба, наблюдались в III группе — 4,46 МПа при вертикальной нагрузке и 5,21 МПа при нагрузке под углом 45°. Помимо этого, при использовании цельнокерамических эндокоронок наблюдались перераспределение нагрузок и снятие зоны концентрации на культе, что в свою очередь убирает возможный источник образования трещин в месте контакта культи и коронковой части или корня зуба. Использование безштифтовых эндокоронок с опорой на стенки пульповой камеры позволяет значительно перераспределить жевательную нагрузку и уменьшить нагрузки, оказываемые на культю зуба, снизив тем самым вероятность перелома собственных тканей зуба. The destruction of the clinical crown of a tooth is a common issue that is often encountered during a dental appointment. In order to restore the missing part of the tooth, dentists typically use pin structures, such as stump pin tabs or pin teeth, which are covered with artificial crowns. Currently, doctors have the ability to compensate for lost tooth crowns using indirect inlays and overlays, utilizing the walls of the pulp chamber as a support. However, the success of orthopedic dental treatment depends not only on the strength of these structures. The way the chewing force is distributed, as well as the combined stresses and deformations that occur when this force acts on the repaired teeth, significantly impact the long-term outcomes of prosthetics. The purpose of this study is to examine the stress-strain situation when using different orthopedic structures for restoring a completely lost clinical tooth crown. . The modeling of geometric models was performed using the Ansys SpaceClaim CAD software. Two variants of chewing force direction were simulated: vertical and at a 45° angle to the occlusal surface of the clinical crown. As a result of the calculations, a stress distribution pattern in the volumetric structure was obtained. Three orthopedic structures were selected for the study: 1) a cast stump post with a pin covered with an artificial zirconia crown (Group I); 2) an all-ceramic endocoronal restoration with a box-like cavity and a 10° inclination angle of the side walls (Group II); 3) — an inverted truncated cone-shaped all-ceramic restoration with converging lateral surfaces towards a smaller base at a 3° angle, with the perimeter of the small base being rounded (Group III). . The maximum stresses occurring in tooth tissues under vertical and oblique loads were highest in Group I and amounted to 9.46 and 14.58 MPa respectively. These values were 22 and 36% lower than in Group II, where maximum stresses under vertical and oblique loading were 7.42 and 9.28 MPa. In Group III, the lowest values of stress were observed under both vertical and oblique loads, at 4.46 and 5.21 MPa respectively. In addition, the use of all-ceramic endocorn implants resulted in a redistribution of forces and the elimination of concentrated stress zones at the implant-tooth interface, potentially reducing the risk of crack formation. . The use of pinless endocorns, which are supported on the walls of the pulp chamber, allows for a significant redistribution of chewing forces and a reduction in the loads placed on the tooth stump, thus reducing the risk of fracture of the natural tooth tissues.

Background. Periodontitis is a progressive lesion of periodontal tissues and one of the most important causes of tooth loss. According to recent publications, periodontitis affects from 11% to 50% of the world’s adult population. Therefore, the problem of developing effective methods for treating and preventing this disease remains relevant. Metabolic disorders in the periodontium are known to contribute to the development of periodontitis. A pronounced change in hemodynamics and microcirculation leads to trophic disturbance of periodontal tissues, thus triggering the development of pronounced hypoxia in these tissues. Thus, prevention and elimination of hypoxia is one of the most important stages of pathogenetic treatment. Objective. To experimentally evaluate the efficacy of injectable carboxytherapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases using an in vivo model of periodontitis in rats. Methods. A preclinical experimental study was conducted on 30 sexually mature Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups, including I–III experimental groups (n = 27) and a control group (n = 3). In all experimental groups, periodontitis was modelled. In group I (n = 9), no treatment was performed. In group II (n = 9), carboxytherapy with a carbon dioxide flow rate of 5 ml/min was conducted. In group III (n = 9), carboxytherapy with a flow rate of 10 ml/ min was conducted. The experimental animals were injected with carbon dioxide once, twice, or three times 7 days after surgical intervention at weekly intervals. The efficacy of injected carboxytherapy in rat periodontium with respect to the control was evaluated by histologic analysis. The norm criteria were the lamellar structure of compact alveolar bone, the presence of periodontal ligament between the alveolar bone and the tooth, represented by oriented collagen fibers with orderly arranged fibroblasts between them (final signs). The intermediate outcome was considered based on the launch of neovascularization and neocollagenogenesis processes. The criterion of neovascularization and neocollagenogenesis activation was considered to be an increase in the number of young collagen fibers, an increase in fibroblast-like cells of outgrowth form with a high expression of procollagen in the connective tissue matrix (intermediate signs). Integral indices on intermediate signs and on final signs were brought to normalized indices as a fraction of the maximum possible sum of points in the group. The dynamics of the normalized indicator for intermediate and final signs was considered. The results were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 (IBM Inc., USA). Results. The histological study of the mandible of rats from group I demonstrated that the destruction of the periodontal ligament in the absence of treatment leads to the widening of the periodontal gap, accompanied by inflammatory processes and thinning of collagen fibers due to the growth of edema, the appearance of resorption lacunae and, further, to the resorption of alveolar bone. At the same time, groups II and III showed a gradual decrease in the inflammatory reaction, formation of young collagen fibers, and, as a consequence, restoration of the periodontal space. In these groups, the histologic pattern corresponded to the norm in the case of three times carboxytherapy injection with a flow rate of 5 ml/min and already in the case of two times injection with a flow rate of 10 ml/min. Conclusion. The use of injectable carboxytherapy to treat periodontal ligament lesions not only restores its microarchitectonics, but also prevents further resorption of alveolar bone. This may have a positive effect in the treatment of periodontal disease.

Практически каждый пациент, который обращается за помощью в медицинские учреждения, сталкивается с заболеваниями зубочелюстной системы. Именно по этой причине этой проблеме уделяется серьёзное внимание со стороны врачей-стоматологов различной специализации

Aims . To analyse the impact of electromagnetic oscillations in the sound range on diffusion the 3.25 % solution of sodium hypochlorite in the dentine of the tooth root. Materials and methods . A pilot study on diffusion of 3.25% of solution of sodium hypochlorite with dye fuchsine red was executed on 100 extracted teeth of the person. The control group was made by 40 teeth, the introduction of an antiseptic was conducted without use of sound waves. The main group of 60 teeth was divided into 3 subgroups. For the purpose of intensifying of the penetration of an antiseptic in each subgroup, electromagnetic oscillations (frequency range around 20,000 Hz) were applied with exposition time respectively 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes. Results . Application of sound waves in the canal of a tooth root led to augmentation of penetration of an antiseptic in the system of dentinal canaliculus and microchannels of the tooth root dentine. Conclusions . This process took place most effectively in single-root teeth when exposed to sound vibrations, smaller efficiency is revealed in multirooted teeth that indicates the difference in physical properties of the tissues of the various groups of the teeth.

Relevance . Gum recession is a pathology often encountered both in Russia and worldwide. Modern surgical methods allow for the complete elimination of recession signs when adequately choosing strategy, tactics, methodology and surgical treatment protocol; for complication prevention and stable long-term outcome. Autograft and allogeneic dura mater as a grafting material for creating/increasing the volume of the attached gingiva in recession treatment have comparable results in all clinical indications. The reason for result stability and the absence of relapse is poorly studied; the data are scarce and do not give a full understanding. In the scientific literature, we did not encounter histological tissue composition analysis in the graft placement area. In recession coverage, the graft is partially placed subperiosteally (in the tooth root area) and partially in the thickness of the soft tissues of the gum. Purpose. The study aimed to determine the histological composition of tissues in the dura mater placement area, to compare with the control group without a graft, and to assess follow-up changes in the graft and surrounding tissue reaction as a result of cellular-level surgery. Material and methods . A laboratory histomorphological examination involved 60 laboratory rats. All underwent surgery adequate to gum recession surgical treatment technique: the control group had no graft, and the study group had allogeneic dura mater. The samples were collected on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th, 90th and 107th days after surgery. Results . In all cases, the tissue complex regenerated, and the reaction to the operation was the same. The plastic material replacement was at the same period. Bone tissue replaced subperiosteally placed graft, connective tissue intragingivally. Gingival biotype thickening was considerably due to the surgical trauma, less – from the graft material. Allogeneic dura mater stimulated earlier ossification. Conclusion . In all cases, the use of grafting material for surgical gum recession coverage is justified if placed subperiosteally, forming a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap surgically (with a scalpel) to preserve the cambium periosteum on the flap. Bone volume and buccal cortical plate reconstruction/ regeneration support soft tissues of the newly formed ligament of the tooth and prevent recurrent recession formation. The formation of bone and connective tissues in the dura mater placement area determines the result stability of gingival recession surgical treatment and a long-term favourable prognosis without complications and relapse.

Онконастороженность в стоматологической практике (случаи из клинической практики)К ости он ов а-О в од И .А ., С и м ан овск ая

Relevance. The prevalence of oral mucosal diseases among the Russian population varies from 3% to 20% [7]. Precancerous and malignant diseases are a particular problem. More than nine thousand new cases of malignant oral mucosal lesions are registered annually in the Russian Federation, and yearly mortality rates reach 34%. Unfortunately, despite being externally located, the rate of late-diagnosed malignant oral mucosal neoplasms reaches 60%-70% in various regions of the Russian Federation [2]. Thus, one of the most urgent problems in dentistry and oncology is the early diagnosis of precancerous and malignant oral mucosal lesions. As a rule, precancerous lesions are not diagnosed at an early stage since there are no visible clinical signs, and therefore patients do not seek medical attention [8]. An accurate diagnosis requires both basic and additional examination methods. In turn, the conventional methods include traditional inspection, which largely depends on the clinician's experience. Besides the clinical examination, additional techniques are used, namely, fluorescence examination and biopsy [9-11]. Subsequently, optimizing the diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions is the most promising direction in practical healthcare, both in the dental and oncology practice, for early detection and reduction of advanced stages of malignant oral mucosal lesions. Thus, the study confirmed that the development and application of modern approaches are necessary for the early diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions. Purpose. The study aimed to improve the outcome of oral mucosal precancerous and malignant lesion diagnosis by upgrading examination methods. Material and methods. The study included 147 patients with oral mucosal lesions, referred to the oncologists of Samara regional clinical oncology centre by the city polyclinics. The patients were divided into two groups according to the examination methods. The control group patients, 63 people, had a conventional examination by a dentist (patient interview, inspection, palpation) and an incisional biopsy by an oncologist. The main group consisted of 84 patients, who, besides conventional dental examination, were evaluated by a new – developed and put into practice – technique with point and index score and subsequent incisional biopsy performed by an oncologist. The studied patients were comparable by gender, age and localization. The study assessed the effectiveness of the new method for the diagnosis of precancerous lesions (PL) and malignant lesions (ML) by matching the Need for Histology Verification Index (NHVI) value equal to 5 points or more and histopathology results.Results. In the main group, 71 out of 84 patients scored 5 or more according to the new method, and 13 patients scored less than 5. Patients with a low score had a non-surgical treatment, 11 patients reached remission, and two patients were referred to an oncologist for a biopsy, which confirmed oral mucosa PL and ML. The patient complaints in both groups demonstrated that pain and bleeding were more frequent in the control group compared to the main one. The evaluation of clinical examination data revealed more erosions in the control group and nonremovable plaque and hyperplasia in the main group. The incisional biopsy detected more PL and ML in the main group (p = 0.001), and early malignant lesions were in 23% versus 5% in the control group. The new method specificity in oral mucosal PL and ML diagnosis was 55%, sensitivity – 97%, accuracy – 87%, whereas the conventional examination specificity was 28%, sensitivity – 84%, and accuracy – 60%.Conclusion. The administered improved method for examination of patients with oral mucosal lesions and the compulsory use of autofluorescence examination and risk factor score assessment allowed us to identify PL and ML in 88% and to diagnose more PL and ML at early stages, which explains the need to use this method in the clinical practice for the early diagnosis of lesions.

Relevance. Gingival recessions are frequent during or after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (65.0-86.7%). They are usually observed in anterior teeth, especially in teeth bodily movements along an archwire outside the bone or in buccal/ labial tipping more than five degrees along the axis (35%). Pre-existing recessions worsen during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and up to 5 years after the treatment (47%). The treatment of recessions during or after the orthodontic treatment is not strategically reasonable: the relapse rate is high, and the treatment implies large-scale surgical interventions, including osteoplastic surgery; it is more often performed with free gingival de-epithelized graft after the treatment, which has many comparative disadvantages. Purpose – the study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a graft material (allogeneic dura mater) to eliminate gingival recessions before orthodontic treatment or to create/ thicken the volume of the gum buccally/ labially to prevent rec eding gum during or after orthodontic treatment.Materials and methods. The paper presents and closely analyzes preventive surgical treatment in a patient with pretreatment gingival recessions.Results. In all cases, using the dura mater demonstrates a positive clinical result by all parameters of the gingival recession assessment. The percentage of root coverage is 100% in all teeth.Conclusion. Preventive surgical treatment is reasonable in all cases as it eliminates the need for repeated interventions, excludes the onset of gingival recessions during or after orthodontic treatment, as well as the reappearance of gingival recessions. Dura mater is effective and safe in all cases; the response to surgery is normal, dura mater allows avoiding a second surgical field. We recommend including it in the standard protocol of orthodonti c treatment.

Bacteria of the genus Streptococcus are one of the most numerous and diverse representatives in the normal biocenosis of human organs and systems particularly being abundant as obligatory inhabitants of the oral cavity. All streptococci are divided into six groups: S. mitis, S. anginosus, S. salivarius, S. mutans, S. bovis and S. pyogenes, among which their certain number may potentially participate in the infectious process of developing periodontitis. Owing to the presence of a wide range of adhesion, invasion and colonization factors, they are capable of performing a protective function such as colonization resistance, but they may also cause formation of a pathological process in the tooth tissues and dento-facial system. The most prominent adhesion factors are antigens I/II (Ag I/II), fibronectin, collagen, laminin, fibrinogen binding proteins, serine-rich glycoproteins, pili, protein M, proteases, C5a peptidases, and the presence of a tooth capsule. Among the complex of proteolytic enzymes, it is important to note that streptococci contain enzymes hyaluronidase and lyase, which cleave the β1,4 bond between N-acetylglucosamine and d-glucuronic acid as the components of hyaluronic acid being a part of the connective tissues. The members of the S. anginosus group are able to release chondroitin sulfatase, which destroys chondroitin sulfates as specific components in cartilage, ligaments and other connective tissue structures. The enzymes noted contribute to a deeper spread of microorganisms in host tissues. Pathological processes associated with the development of periodontitis comprise a complex problem, wherein several important elements take part, including an infectious agent, a macroorganismal response in the form of nonspecific and adaptive immunity, as well as involvement of anti-inflammatory components. A great number of studies in research literature are dedicated to describe to participation of the members within the “red”, “orange” and “green” complexes as the principal components in developing periodontitis. Whereas the “yellow” and the “purple” complex play a more protective role by acting as antagonists while interacting with periodontopathogens, but it should not be ruled out a potential participation for some representatives, particularly S. intermedius, S. gordonii, A. odontolyticus, A. naeslundii in developing periodontal disease. Altogether, it poses a problem, which may be solved solely based on a multidisciplinary approach by inviting not only dentists and bacteriologists but also researchers of other specialties. Here we review the studies found in international and national data bases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, RSCI.

Relevance. Today, inflammatory periodontal diseases are one of the most common pathologies seen at dental appointments. During the treatment of these diseases, the main goal of the therapy is to reduce the intensity of inflammatory manifestations.Materials and methods. The article presents the results of the application of the original method of carboxytherapy to reduce the inflammatory component at the initial phase of the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases.The technique suggests the injection of 0.5–1.0 ml of medical carbon dioxide into the vestibular mucobuccal fold and the dental papillae region with a special injector. The study was conducted at the department of prosthodontics of Samara State Medical University. The study divided the patients into two groups. The control group underwent professional oral hygiene, and the main-group patients had an additional carboxytherapy treatment developed by the authors. The study evaluated the effectiveness of the treatment using the OHI-S, PMA, and Muhllemann indices and the restoration of blood filling using the periodontal bloo d flow assessment method.Results. After the treatment, the main group showed a statistically significant decrease in the assessed indices and blood circulation restoration in the periodontium, which indicates a significant effect of the method used. Allergic and toxic effects on the mucous membrane did not manifest in the carboxytherapy group during the observation period. Patients did not complain about pain and discomfort.Conclusion. So, based on the conducted studies, we can conclude that the method of carboxytherapy is highly effective as one of the elements of the c omplex treatment of periodontal diseases.

The study is dedicated to the study of inflammatory and destructive periodontal diseases. Predicting the probability of a favorable outcome or treatment failure is one of the most important doctor’s tasks when choosing a particular method. This problem could not be solved without using a large amount of data characterizing the patient's condition at a particular point in time. The empirical approach to this problem depends largely on individual experience and does not imply obtaining any formalized (numerical) probability estimates of successful or, on the contrary, unsuccessful end of treatment. Correct and effective using of dental lasers in clinical practice requires knowledge of their effects on tissues of the oral cavity. Each type of laser has its properties that are used to solve clinical cases. Laser radiation requires an approach that is significantly different from the traditional use of dental instruments. To determine lasers therapeutic indications for the treatment of inflammatory and destructive periodontal diseases, we applied biometric approaches to the development of mathematical models using multidimensional analysis, allowing to obtain qualitative assessments for optimization of method and treatment strategy selection. The development of predictive models was carried out in several stages. Each of the generally accepted dental signs characterizing periodontal disease could not be a reliable criterion for the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of surgical treatment. Comprehensive assessment using a logistic (exponential) model of the probability of a particular treatment outcome with a high degree statistical reliability makes it possible to select patients for whom treatment with laser technologies is recommended.

Background. Contemporary dental diagnosis should supplement clinical examination with instrumental diagnostic techniques. Raman spectroscopy has become widely adopted due to high spatial resolution, non-invasiveness, the lack of strict requirements and ease of sample preparation.Objectives. A qualitative assessment of enamel mineral and organic composition dynamics using Raman spectroscopy.Methods. Raman spectroscopy was used as primary research method. The trial bench consisted of a Shamrocksr-303i high-resolution digital spectrometer with built-in DV420A-OE cooled optical detector (spectral range 200–1200 nm), RPB-785 optic fibre scattering probe integrated with LuxxMaster LML-785.0RB-04 laser source with wavelength 785 nm.Software spectrum processing was performed with Wolfram Mathematica 9. Spectra were denoised with a median filter (5 points), the approximating line (fifth order polynomial) of autofluorescent component was determined in 700–2200 cm-1 range using an iterative algorithm and then subtracted to receive isolated Raman spectra.Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of data was performed with the IBM SPSS Statistics package. Results. The assay included 28 teeth, with 14 extracted for orthodontic indications and 14 — for chronic periodontitis. Spectral dental enamel dynamics has been established in periodontal disease and after the in-office bleaching procedure. The evidence obtained can be applicable in dental practice to verify patients at risk of periodontal disease by interpreting the tooth enamel spectral properties, as well as prior to in-office bleaching.Conclusion. We demonstrate high efficiency of Raman spectroscopy for qualitative assessment of the mineral and organic enamel composition dynamics in various settings. Raman spectroscopy is confirmed effective and versatile in various aetiologies. It was successfully applied to diagnose periodontitis by changes in the organic and mineral enamel composition and evaluate enamel after in-office bleaching.

Poisk i primenenie dostupnyh neinvazivnyh metodov rannej diagnostiki novoobrazovanij slizistoj obolochki rta (SOR) yavlyaetsya aktual'noj zadachej. Cel'yu raboty bylo vyyavit' effektivnost' ispol'zovaniya razrabotannogo algoritma ball'noj ocenki dannyh klinicheskogo obsledovaniya v sochetanii s provedeniem autofluroscentnoj stomatoskopii (AFS) dlya postanovki diagnoza zlokachestvennyh novoobrazovanij SOR i prinyatiya resheniya o neobhodimosti provedeniya biopsii. Proveden analiz 134 ambulatornyh kart bol'nyh, kotorym vypolnyali biopsiyu. Pacienty byli razdeleny na dve gruppy: v kontrol'nuyu gruppu voshli 63 cheloveka, kotorym posle provedennogo tradicionnogo obsledovaniya (oprosa, osmotra, pal'pacii) provodili incizionnuyu biopsiyu s posleduyushchim morfologicheskim issledovaniem; u 71 pacienta osnovnoj gruppy primenyali (INGV). Ustanovleno, chto patologicheskie sostoyaniya SOR lokalizovalis' v bol'shej stepeni na yazyke u 72,4% pacientov v obeih gruppah. Posle vypolnennyh biopsij v osnovnoj gruppe zlokachestvennye opuholi SOR byli diagnostirovany u 28 pacientov, v kontrol'noj — u 14 (r = 0,051). V osnovnoj gruppe nachal'nye stadii raka SOR ustanovleny u 17 chelovek posle biopsii, v kontrol'noj — u 4 (r = 0,004). Ispol'zovanie razrabotannogo algoritma pozvolilo s vysokim procentom tochnosti (90%) diagnostirovat' predrakovye i zlokachestvennye novoobrazovaniya i provodit' invazivnye metody issledovaniya (biopsiyu) strogo po pokazaniyam.

The search for and the application of available noninvasive methods for early diagnosis of oral mucosa (OM) neoplasia is a clinically significant problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the original score-based algorithm for assessing clinical data generated by a conventional and an autofluorescencebased examination in diagnosing OM cancer and assessing indications for a biopsy. We analyzed 134 medical histories and pathology reports of patients with oral neoplasia. The patients were assigned to 2 groups: the control group included 63 patients who underwent a standard visual and tactile examination with history taking and then were referred for an incisional biopsy followed by a histopathological examination of the specimens. In the main group consisting of 71 patients, a standard visual and tactile examination was complemented by an autofluorescence-based examination and the original score-based algorithm with the original index of required histopathological verification (RHV) were used to assess indications for a biopsy. In both groups, the most commonly affected site was the tongue (72.4%). The histopathological examination revealed that 28 patients from the main group and 14 patients from the control group had OM cancer (р = 0.051). Histologically, early-stage cancer was diagnosed in 17 patients from the main group and in 4 patients from the control group (р = 0.004). The proposed algorithm allowed us to effectively (in 90% of cases) diagnose precancer and cancer and avoid unnecessary biopsies.

OBJECTIVE:To assess the species diversity of microorganisms isolated from the oral mucosa in patients with removable orthopedic structures based on dental implants.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The indicators of the species diversity of microorganisms isolated from the oral mucosa in patients of the main and control groups were studied.RESULTS:For prosthetic treatment of patients from main group we used a method of manufacturing an overlapping, frame prostheses supported by teeth and dental implants. The results turned out to be reliable for opportunistic microorganisms Streptococcus anginosus and representatives of the orange periodontopathogenic complex Streptococcus constellatus.CONCLUSION:Microbiological assessment indicates the effectiveness of prosthetic treatment and the use of Corega tablets.