Arisaema cum bile (known as Dan Nanxing in Chinese, DNX) is a herbal medicine used for treating febrile seizure (FS), which commonly prepared by using Arisaematis Rhizoma and animal bile. This study was designed to explore the optimal processing time of DNX and its potential mechanism on the anti-FS effect. A total of 17 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were the characteristic ones to distinguish different fermentation stages of DNX by using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), such as 2-heptanone monomer, and heptanal monomer. DNX with fermentation for 3 months had an obvious pattern of VOCs with others, which could be regarded as the optimal fermentation time. The Enterococcus and Staphylococcus might be the core bacteria on the production of VOCs. Additionally, DNX (2.8 g/kg, p.o.) reversed hot water bath-induced FSs of rats, as indicated by increased seizure latency and decreased seizure duration time. It also prevented hippocampal neuronal loss, increased GABAAR, and decreased GRIA1 expression. At the genus level, relative abundance of Enterococcus and Akkermansia were enriched after DNX treatment. These findings suggested that fermentation for 3 months might be the optimal process time for DNX, and DNX possess an anti-FS effect through regulating neurotransmitter disorder and gut microbiota.

"寒性"是中药特有的药性之一,酒制可缓和中药的"寒性".需酒制的"寒性"中药大多具清热解毒、活血、泻下等功效,此外,部分"寒性"中药因"寒性"过偏,表现出泄泻、腹痛等不良反应.酒制可引药上行、增强疗效,降低其毒副作用,使"寒性"中药安全、有效地满足临床需求.通过对酒制改变"寒性"中药的主要功效、物质基础、不良反应等方面进行综述,并提出可行性研究思路,为"寒性"中药的临床应用提供科学依据,亦可为酒制"寒性"中药的进一步研究提供方法借鉴.

目的 采用HPLC法测定黄精丸中绿原酸、香草酸、芦丁、阿魏酸、槲皮素、山奈酚等的含量,探讨黄精不同炮制品(黄精、蒸黄精、酒黄精)配伍对黄精丸成分含量的影响.方法 采用HypurityC18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1％磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL·min-1,柱温30℃,检测波长254 nm.结果 绿原酸、香草酸、芦丁、阿魏酸、槲皮素、山奈酚等在进样量范围内与峰面积的线性关系良好(r≥0.9999),平均加样回收率为93.8％～101.1％,RSD均＜2.5％.与黄精丸Ⅰ(生黄精+生当归)比较,黄精丸Ⅱ(蒸黄精+生当归)和黄精丸Ⅲ(酒黄精+生当归)中绿原酸、阿魏酸、芦丁的含量显著降低,槲皮素的含量显著升高,香草酸和山奈酚的含量变化不明显.结论 所用方法准确、重复性好、操作简便,可用于控制黄精丸的质量.通过炮制,黄精丸所含黄酮类和酚酸类成分的含量变化显著.

比较不同酒龄猕猴桃酒挥发性特征香气物质的差异,为建立不同酒龄猕猴桃酒的鉴别方法和进一步建立不同酒龄猕猴桃酒整体品质评价的新方法提供思路.对不同酒龄猕猴桃酒的挥发性物质,采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱(Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry,GC-IMS)进行检测并比较成分变化,结合主成分分析(PCA)和"最近邻"指纹分析分析其挥发性物质的差异.GC-IMS指纹图谱显示,不同酒龄猕猴桃酒的挥发性物质存在差异,明确定性的挥发性物质有单体及部分物质的二聚体共29种;糠醛、3-甲基丁醛、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、异戊酸乙酯等可作为5年酒龄猕猴桃酒的特征挥发性物质;苯甲醛可作为4年酒龄猕猴桃酒的特征挥发性物质;乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸等可作为3年酒龄猕猴桃酒的特征挥发性物质.PCA和"最近邻"指纹分析结果显示,各组样品分离度良好.GC-IMS技术结合聚类分析方法证明不同酒龄猕猴桃酒所含挥发性物质存在差异,研究结果可为不同酒龄猕猴桃酒的辨识提供一定的思路.

Polygonati Rhizoma is extensively used as a tonic and functional food in China for centuries. It can be divided into Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl., Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua and Polygonatum sibiricum Red., each species of it have its main producing areas. The quality and price of Polygonati Rhizoma of different species and producing areas are different. In this study, the headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) method is used to rapidly identify the three species of Polygonati Rhizoma and Polygonati Rhizoma from different areas of each species by analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results revealed that 87 signal peaks were detected in total, and there are 59 peaks for 43 compounds were identified, including 14 aldehydes, 9 alcohols, 8 esters, 5 ketones, 4 acids, 3 other compounds, however, 28 compounds were unknown. Subsequently, the results of principal component analysis (PCA) clearly showed that the three different species of Polygonati Rhizoma and different areas of each species of it were well differentiated by the VOCs. The research could be of great potential to differentiate the species of traditional Chinese medicine and different areas of each species of it in the future. In addition, the results of the current study provide a useful basis in Polygonati Rhizoma odor difference study.

目的:比较大黄、酒大黄、熟大黄及大黄炭中16种成分含量的变化并探讨不同炮制方法对大黄化学成分的影响.方法:采用高效液相色谱法对大黄不同炮制品中的16种化学成分进行定量分析.结果:16种成分相关系数r均＞0.9990;精密度、稳定性、重复性的RSD均＜3％;加样回收率值在95.36％～102.38％之间,RSD值＜5％.与生品比较,酒大黄中结合型蒽醌类/蒽酮类成分大部分含量有所降低,游离蒽醌类成分大部分含量有所升高(除大黄酚降低外);熟大黄及大黄炭中结合/游离型蒽醌类及蒽酮类成分大部分含量有所降低;其余大部分成分的含量在酒大黄、熟大黄、大黄炭中有所升高(除虎杖苷在大黄炭中降低外).结论:所建立的方法稳定、可靠、重复性好,可为大黄及其不同炮制品的质量标准提供数据参考;炮制对大黄不同类型成分含量均有不同影响,顺序为炒炭＞酒蒸＞酒炙.

目的 建立天南星化学成分的含量测定方法,比较炮制前后的含量变化,研究炮制过程中含量变化的规律.方法 分别采用扫描电子显微镜、UV、HPLC、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒对天南星炮制前后的草酸钙针晶的形态,草酸钙、总黄酮、总皂苷、总生物碱、多糖类以及蛋白质、尿苷、腺苷、胸腺嘧啶核苷、鸟苷、次黄嘌呤、夏佛塔苷、异夏佛塔苷、肌苷的含量进行研究.结果 加入白矾炮制的样品草酸钙针晶结构发生明显变化;加少量白矾浸泡样品草酸钙针晶含量最高,单纯加大量白矾煎煮最低;总黄酮的含量生天南星最高,长时间浸泡含量最低;总皂苷的含量生天南星最高,单纯加大量白矾煎煮最低;总生物碱的含量生天南星最高,水煎煮样品含量最低;多糖的含量单纯生姜煎煮最高,水煎煮样品最低;总蛋白的含量生天南星最高,《中国药典》制天南星最低.尿苷、腺苷、尿苷、夏佛塔苷等化学成分在炮制过程中均发生不同程度的变化.结论 天南星中的化学成分在炮制过程中均发生不同程度的变化,其中加入白矾处理对成分影响最大,加入辅料的顺序以及水煎煮处理均可使天南星化学成分含量发生变化,为制天南星炮制机制研究提供借鉴.

目的 对黄精九蒸九晒炮制过程中药效化学成分的含量变化进行分析,为黄精古法炮制提供理论依据.方法 分别采用清蒸法和酒蒸法进行九蒸九晒炮制,参照《中国药典》2020年版方法测定炮制品中多糖和浸出物的含量,参照文献方法测定炮制品中总皂苷和5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)的含量.结果 多糖含量分别从第一次炮制的10.76％、10.06％下降至第九次炮制的8.20％、8.00％,但某些炮制中间品的含量上升;5-羟甲基糠醛含量分别从第一次炮制的0.08％、0.06％上升至第九次炮制的0.49％、0.48％,但某些炮制中间品的含量下降;总皂苷含量分别从第一次炮制的24.86％、25.26％下降至第九次炮制的15.67％、15.44％;浸出物含量分别从第一次炮制的52.37％、53.75％下降至第九次炮制的50.74％、51.61％,但某些炮制中间品的含量上升.结论 黄精九蒸九晒炮制过程中多糖、5-羟甲基糠醛含量呈现先上升后下降,多糖整体呈下降的趋势,5-羟甲基糠醛整体呈上升的趋势;总皂苷的含量呈缓慢下降;浸出物含量无明显变化.

将中药炮制学课程与思政育人目标相结合,在教学设计的过程中围绕数字化教学技术,将中药饮片质量与社会责任相结合、饮片炮制生产与工匠精神相结合、国内炮制领域进步速度与文化自信相结合,借助多元化学习方法将正确的人生观、价值观融入到中药炮制学的教学方法与内容之中,使教学内容、教学方法和评价机制有机地结合,教师的教学活动有序和有效地进行.在课程中引导学生建立正确的人生观、价值观,以期培养出现代医药行业需求的高素质专业人才.

目的 总结中药有效成分代谢与肠道菌群的相互作用,为中药的药效作用机制提供更充分的理论依据.方法 通过查阅典籍和现代相关研究文献并进行归纳、分析,对中药对肠道菌群的影响、肠道菌群代谢对中药有效成分的影响以及中药对肠道菌群的调节等方面进行综述.结果 中药及其有效成分的代谢对肠道菌群有一定的影响,且在维持人体微生态环境的动态平衡中起到了关键作用.结论 以肠道菌群为导向的个性化药物制剂的开发和合理设计的临床药物组合,可为现代中医研究和新药开发提供新的研究思路和方法.

目的 比较黄精不同炮制品挥发性特征气味物质的差异,为建立黄精不同炮制品的鉴别方法和进一步建立黄精不同炮制品质量控制的新方法提供思路.方法 采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱法(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS)对黄精不同炮制品的挥发性物质进行检测并比较成分变化,结合主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和"最近邻"指纹分析(nearest neighbor fingerprint analysis,NNFA)分析其挥发性物质的差异.结果 GC-IMS指纹图谱显示黄精不同炮制品的挥发性物质存在差异,明确定性的挥发性物质有62种单体及部分物质的二聚体;1-丙醇、2-庚酮、2-正戊基呋喃、1-己醇、乙酸甲酯、1-戊烯-3-醇、3-甲基丁醇等可作为黄精的特征挥发性物质;5-甲基糠醛、2-乙酰基呋喃、当归内酯、辛醛、糠醛和2-甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮等可作为蒸黄精的特征挥发性物质;1,8-桉树脑等可作为酒黄精的特征挥发性物质;PCA和NNFA结果显示,各组样品分离度良好.结论 GC-IMS技术结合聚类分析方法证明黄精不同炮制品所含挥发性物质存在差异,研究结果可为黄精不同炮制品的辨识提供一定的思路.

目的:建立酒黄精饮片标准汤剂的质量评价方法,为酒黄精标准汤剂的应用和质量控制提供参考.方法:按照标准汤剂制备方法和要求,制备酒黄精饮片标准汤剂14批,按照现行药典方法测定多糖含量,参照文献方法测定5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)含量,计算两者的转移率,测定汤剂的pH和出膏率,并建立其HPLC特征图谱.结果:酒黄精饮片标准汤剂的多糖转移率为30.16％～100.34％,5-HMF转移率为56.58％～83.08％,出膏率40.26％～61.48％,pH 3.09～4.27,采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A)软件进行分析,找到8个共有峰,指认1个,为5-HMF.对14批酒黄精饮片标准汤剂进行了相似度评价,其相似度均大于0.62.同时,建立了标准汤剂特征图谱.结论:所建立的标准汤剂制备方法可行、稳定,分析方法重复性、精密度、稳定性良好,可用于酒黄精饮片标准汤剂的质量评价.

慢性腹泻是一种常见的功能性胃肠道疾病,与肠道菌群的组成和功能密切相关.肠道菌群失衡及其对肠道屏障、肠道免疫反应、肠道菌群代谢产物(短链脂肪酸和胆汁酸)的调节均可影响腹泻的发生与发展.中药对慢性腹泻的治疗有着独特的优势,然其作用机制尚不清晰.因此,基于肠道菌群在腹泻发生、发展中的作用,从单味中药、中药复方、中药活性成分调节肠道菌群的多样性、结构、组成及其代谢产物的研究进展进行综述,以期为中药治疗慢性腹泻的作用机制研究和抗腹泻中药新药的进一步研发提供参考.

目的 总结山楂的化学成分和药理作用,为山楂的进一步开发和利用提供参考.方法 通过查阅国内外相关文献并进行归纳、分析,对山楂的化学成分和药理作用等进行综述.结果 山楂的主要成分为总黄酮、有机酸、三萜酸和原花青素等.现代药理研究表明,山楂具有降压、降糖、抗菌及抗氧化等作用.结论 山楂的现代研究取得了一定的进展,但研究深度仍不够,还需进一步探讨.

目的 研究不同炮制方法对不同产地续断中的马钱苷酸、川续断皂苷乙及川续断皂苷Ⅵ的含量变化和抗氧化活性的影响.方法 采用HPLC法分别测定四川、云南、贵州及湖北产地的续断经微波炮制后,生、炒、盐及酒炙品中马钱苷酸、川续断皂苷乙及川续断皂苷Ⅵ的含量.Agilent C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5止);乙腈-1mL·L-1磷酸溶液进行梯度洗脱;流速:1.0mL·min-1;检测波长:254 nm;柱温:30℃;进样量:10 μL.同时采用紫外分光光度计以DPPH·清除率来评价其抗氧化活性.结果 云南炒续断马钱苷酸含量最高,湖北酒炙川续断皂苷乙含量最高,四川酒炙川续断皂苷Ⅵ含量最高;湖北产地生续断、炒续断及盐炙续断抗氧化活性强于其他产地;四川产地酒炙续断抗氧化活性最强.结论 不同产地不同炮制方法均能影响续断中马钱苷酸、川续断皂苷乙及川续断皂苷Ⅵ的含量及抗氧化活性.

目的 采用网络药理学方法研究乌梅-防风药对治疗过敏性哮喘的作用机制.方法 借助药代动力学参数,采用中药系统药理学数据库(TCMSP)筛选乌梅-防风药对中活性成分及作用靶点.采用OMIM和AllerGAtlas数据库挖掘过敏性哮喘作用靶点,通过Cytoscape网络可视化软件构建“药物-活性成分-靶点-疾病”网络,进一步进行通路注释和基因富集分析.结果 本研究筛选得到乌梅-防风药对有效成分15个,可调控IL-6、VEGFA、EGFR、CASP3等28个过敏性哮喘相关靶点,主要通过调控肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)信号通路、白细胞介素(IL) 17信号通路、核因子(NF)-κB信号通路、17型辅助T(Th17)细胞分化、缺氧诱导因子(HIF-1)信号通路共5条信号通路发挥治疗过敏性哮喘的作用.结论 乌梅-防风药对通过多成分、多靶点、多通路协同作用发挥治疗过敏性哮喘的作用,为乌梅-防风药对生物效应机制的研究提供参考.

Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of malignancy-related mortality in women worldwide, and effective advanced-stage therapies are urgently required. Berberine is a quaternary ammonium compound extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, including Phellodendivn app.. with antibacterial and antitumor activities. Marine, the main active ingredient 'of Sophora flavescens rhizomes, has not only traditionally described health effects but is also widely used for its anti-aincer, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, antiviral, and hepatoprotective effects. We investigated the antitumor activities of berberine and matrine against human cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MM') assay, along with flow cytometry and western blotting analyses, to assess the effect of the compounds on the cellular status and apoptosis- and cell cycle-related proteins. The 24 h half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of berberine and matrine were 123.633 +/- 4.278 mu mol/L and 9.625 +/- 0.245 mu mol/L against ileLa cells and 105.067 +/- 3.745 mu mol/L and 8.50 +/- 0.23 mu mol/L against SiIla cells, respectively. Berberine plus matrine inhibited cancer cell growth and caused cell cycle arrest. We observed an incivased stimulation of apoptosis, which was likely mediated by enhanced levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bel2)-associated X protein (Bax), as well as decreased Bcl-2 protein expression. Cell cycle arrest in the GI phase was probably mediated by p21 upregulation and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-4, Cdk-6. and cyclin Dl suppression. Combination treatment with berherine and matrine effectively inhibited human cervical cancer cell proliferation, most likely by stimulating apoptosis and inducing cell cycle arrest.

Objective To summarize and analyze the prescription of jujube in "Jinguiyaolue" and explore the application law of jujube about the medical scientist Zhangzhongjing. Methods Analyzed jujube prescription of Jinguiyaolue from the number of prescriptions containing jujube, including jujube usage, dosage, compatibility of drug and clinical application. Results A total of 44 prescriptions for the treatment of diseases are collected, and the clinical application is widespread. Conclusion In synopsis of jinguiyaolue, the date has been widely used in clinic, which has value of development and application.

Cervical cancer, as the third most common cancer, is a serious health and safety concern in women.It is a malignant tumor of the vagina and the cervical canal with an incidence rate that ranks fourth among all malignant tumors in women (1).Since the beginning of the last century, the main treatment strategy for cervical cancer has been surgery (2).The current clinical treatment of cervical cancer involves simple uterine radical resection or combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy (3).Although these treatment options offer more choices, most patients are initially diagnosed with advanced cervical cancer, and radiotherapy has become one of the main treatments at this stage.However, the use of surgery alone or combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is not effective in patients with advanced cervical cancer (4-6).In addition, the traditional anti-cancer drugs that inhibit the growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cervical cancer cells have severe side effects on the surrounding normal tissue cells.Traditional Chinese medicine has significant advantages in the treatment of cervical cancer (7-10).Numerous basic and clinical studies from around the world have confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine formulations, which act on multiple pathways and targets, exert synergistic activities that prevent and treat tumors.Berberine is a quaternary ammonium compound extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs including Phellodendron spp. that has beneficial effects traditionally described as heat-clearing and detoxifying, and some of these effects have been confirmed as antibacterial or antitumor activities (11)(12)(13)(14).Matrine, the main active ingredient of