Представлены сравнительные данные фитохимической оценки содержания биологически активных веществ, проявления антирадикальной активности и противовирусных свойств в растительном сырье Astragalus glycyphyllоs L. из дикорастущих популяций лесостепной зоны Западной Сибири. В течение вегетационного периода исследована динамика и показаны особенности накопления общего содержания фенольных соединений, флавоноидов, танинов, фенолокислот, сапонинов, каротиноидов, хлорофиллов а и b, пектинов и протопектинов, изменение антирадикальной активности и противовирусного действия в отношении вируса гриппа человека - A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) и птиц - A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) в экстрактах, полученных из растительного сырья надземной и подземной частей A. glycyphyllоs. Установлено, что содержание БАВ надземной части A. glycyphyllоs богаче, чем подземной. В надземной части A. glycyphyllоs накапливаются максимальные количества большинства биологически активных веществ исследуемых групп в разные фазы развития, но, в основном, в фазе окончания плодоношения. В подземной части в максимальных количествах найдены только протопектины - в фазах начала вегетации и плодоношения. Антирадикальная активность экстрактов из надземных и подземных частей A. glycyphyllоs проявлялась в течение всего вегетационного периода, но более эффективными оказались образцы из сырья надземной и подземной частей в конце вегетации. Исследование токсичности и противовирусного действия экстрактов, полученных из сырья обеих частей A. glycyphyllоs в максимально переносимых концентрациях показало, что индекс нейтрализации экстрактов находился в пределах от 0 до 1.5 lg, в зависимости от субтипа вируса гриппа А, периода вегетации A. glycyphyllоs, его части в исследовании и типа экстракта. По сравнению с контролем, отмечается достоверное снижение инфекционности вируса гриппа человека и вируса гриппа птиц под действием экстрактов A. glycyphyllоs. Comparative data of phytochemical evaluation of the content of biologically active substances, antiradical activity and antiviral properties in plant raw materials of Astragalus glycyphyllos L. from wild populations of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia are presented. During the vegetation period the dynamics of the content and the peculiarities of accumulation of the total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, saponins, carotenoids, chlorophylls a and b, pectins and protopectins were investigated, changes in antiradical activity and antiviral action against human influenza virus - A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) and bird - A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) in extracts obtained from plant raw materials of above-ground and underground parts of A. glycyphyllos. It was found that the aboveground part of A. glycyphyllos is richer in BAS content than its underground part. In the aboveground part of A. glycyphyllos maximum amounts of most biologically active substances of the studied groups are accumulated in different phases of development, but mainly in the phase of fruiting termination. In the underground part, only protopectins were found in maximum amounts in the phases of the beginning of vegetation and fruiting. The antiradical activity of extracts from above-ground and underground parts of A. glycyphyllos was manifested during the whole vegetation period, but samples from raw materials of above-ground and underground parts at the end of vegetation were more effective. The study of toxicity and antiviral effect of extracts obtained from raw materials of both parts of Astragalus glycyphyllos in maximum tolerated concentrations showed that the IN of the extracts was within the range from 0 to 1.5 lg, depending on the subtype of influenza A virus, the growing season of A. glycyphyllos, its part in the study and the type of extract. Compared to the control, there was a significant decrease in the infectivity of human influenza virus and avian influenza virus under the influence of A. glycyphyllos extracts.

This is a study on antiviral activity of various extracts from the plant Monarda fistulosa L. cultivated in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia during the vegetation period. The activity of aqueous and aqueous-ethanolic extracts of M. fistulosa during the whole vegetation period and two polyphenolic fractions from this plant at the flowering stage was investigated against human influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) and avian influenza virus A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1). The anti-influenza activity was compared among the extracts and the polyphenolic fractions from M. fistulosa at the flowering stage. It was shown that antiviral activity against each subtype of the influenza A virus differed throughout the entire vegetation period, depending on the developmental stage of M. fistulosa and the type of extraction. Influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) infectivity was most strongly inhibited by aqueous-ethanolic extracts from M. fistulosa raw material collected at the growth stage and by the aqueous extract from the fruiting initiation stage. Inhibition of the infectivity of influenza virus A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) was achieved by one or another M. fistulosa extract almost throughout the whole vegetation period. It is found that Polyphenolic Fractions 1 and 2 are more active against influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), but aqueous and aqueous-ethanolic extracts are more active against influenza virus A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1). On the condition of further in-depth studies, our experimental data suggest that M. fistulosa plant components can be recommended as medicinal (antiviral) substances against influenza viruses A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) and A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1).

In this work, it was revealed that water and ethanol extracts of the plants Nepeta cataria, Nepeta sibirica, Scutellaria baicalensis, Hyssopus officinalis, Betonica officinalis, and water extracts of Dracocephalum moldavica, Glechoma hederacea, Mentha arvensis, Prunella vulgaris, Melissa officinalis ethanol extracts of Mentha piperita, Mentha crispa, Origanum vulgare, Hyssopus officinalis, Salvia verticillata showed antiviral activity against the influenza virus subtype H5N1. Aqueous extracts of Nepeta cataria and Glechoma hederacea (NI 3.75) showed the highest antiviral effect against the H5N1 subtype. It was revealed the antiviral activity against influenza virus subtype H3N2 of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis, Mentha piperita, Mentha arvensis, Mentha crispa, aqueous extract of Dracocephalum moldavica and ethanol extracts of Glechoma hederacea, Origanum vulgare, Prunella vulgaris, Hyssopus officinalis, Betonica officinalis, Salvia verticillata. Ethanolic extract of Betonica officinalis (NI 4.25) showed the highest virus neutralizing activity against the H3N2 subtype. It was carried out chemical analysis of the aerial parts of plants of the Lamiaceae family. It was shown that the highest content of flavonols was observed in Dracocephalum nutans (4.47±0.04%), the highest content of tannins was found in Mentha arvensis (17.62 ± 0.78%), and the highest content catechins were found in Nepeta cataria (0.43 ± 0.007%). Thus, plant extracts of the Lamiaceae family are promising sources for further studies to develop new antiviral drugs.

The changes in the composition and content of phenolic compounds in the leaves and inflorescences of Hedysarum alpinum L. and H. flavescens Regel et Schmalh., introduced into the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia, were studied. Using the example of H. alpinum, the variation in the content of phenolic compounds depending on the year of harvest and on the plant organ (leaves, inflorescences) was investigated. The contents of individual substances (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, mangiferin, hyperoside, rutin, avicularin, and 17 phenolic components) and of phenolic compounds by groups (hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, xanthones, and flavonols) were determined. Differences in the content of phenolic compounds by groups (in mg/100 g) were found between the two species of the genus Hedysarum L. Specifically, the leaves of H. alpinum accumulated more xanthones and flavonols (up to 4614.9 ± 63.7 and 1280.0 ± 6.7, respectively) and the inflorescences, more xanthones (up to 847.9 ± 29.8) compared to the leaves (2911.6 ± 79.0 and 976.2 ± 0.5, respectively) and the inflorescences (76.2 ± 2.5) of H. flavescens. In the leaves of H. flavescens, compared to the leaves of H. alpinum, the content of hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids prevailed. The leaves of the studied species accumulated mostly hydroxycinnamic acids and xanthones, and the inflorescences, mostly flavonols. The contents of hydroxybenzoic acids, xanthones, and flavonols in H. alpinum varied significantly depending on the year of observation.

Antiviral activity of extracts from 14 plant species of 12 genera of 9 botanical families in the transplanted culture of MDCK cells against influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) (human) and A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) (birds) was investigated. Phytochemical characterisation of vegetal raw materials of these species for the content of certain groups of polyphenolic and terpenoid compounds was carried out. The effect of plant extracts on the influenza virus of each subtype was assessed relying on the value of the neutralization index. It was found that aqueous and ethanol extracts of the studied plant species exhibit different extents of activity against each of the influenza virus subtypes: from minimum to almost 100 % of virus-inhibiting values. Complete (100 %) inhibition, selectively for each of the two influenza virus subtypes, was found in the extracts of 6 plant species: three Persicaria species (P. scabra, P. lapathifolia, P. hydropi per), Comarum salesovianum (leaves and flowers), Dasiphora fruticosa and Hedysarum alpinum. They can be considered promising for further studies of antiviral activity against the human and bird influenza virus. A phytochemical assessment of the plant raw materials of the studied species showed that maximum amounts of flavonols (6.42 %), catechins (1.76 %), tannins (28.46 %) and carotenoids (70.4 %) were found in the raw materials of different plant species, extracts of which showed selective influenza activity of varying extent. Promising species can be recommended for more in-depth study, as basic, in order to develop phytopreparations of anti-influenza action against RNA-genomic viruses - human and bird influenza virus. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the taxonomic position of the species, the type of extraction, as well as the part or organ of the plant taken for study.

Introduction. The abolition of smallpox vaccination after its elimination in 1980 led to a decrease in the immunocompromised immunity in humans. Zoonotic monkeypox, camelpox, buffalopox and cowpox viruses that are close to the variola virus also pose a danger to humans. In Russia today there are no effective and safe medicines for the prevention and treatment of smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections in humans and animals. The Lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris) is a promising source for the development of new antiviral drugs. Previous studies have found that Alchemilla vulgaris shows activity against influenza virus and herpes simplex virus.Aim. The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition and antiviral activity of extracts from the roots and the grass of Alchemilla vulgaris against orthopoxviruses.Materials and methods. Qualitative analysis of the samples was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. Quantitative analysis was performed using a complex of spectrophotometric methods. To determine the toxicity and antiviral activity of experimental samples from Alchemilla vulgaris in vitro, a transplantable Vero cell culture was used. Antiviral activity of the obtained preparations was evaluated by reducing the infectivity (titer) of orthopoxviruses in the monolayer of Vero cells infected with orthopoxviruses in the presence of preparations with different concentrations relative to the cell culture infected with orthopoxviruses without the preparations.Results and discussion. It was shown that the experimental sample from Alchemilla vulgaris obtained by the method of ethyl acetate extraction from the roots of the studied plant and purified with chloroform contains mainly catechins and leucoanthocyanins (70 %). In parallel, extract from the raw mass of the grass of the plant purified with chloroform and ethanol contains the amount of flavonoids (71 %). Wherein the content of flavonoids in unpurified ethanol extracts from the roots and the grass of Alchemilla vulgaris composed 5 % and 6 %, respectively. It was revealed that purified preparations obtained from Alchemilla vulgaris roots when using ethyl acetate and ethanol as extractants showed antiviral activity against vaccinia virus and ectromelia virus, as well as preparations obtained from grass by ethanol extraction.Conclusion. Thus, purified ethyl acetate extracts from the roots and ethanol extracts from the wet grass mass of Alchemilla vulgaris exhibit antiviral activity against orthopoxviruses in vitro.

The article presents information on the distribution, on the use in traditional medicine, the chemical composition of plant material, pharmacological study of lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris L.), as well as the results of a study in culture Vero cell toxicity and antiviral properties of aqueous solutions of dry ethanol extract of the aerial parts and the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of lady's mantle, growing in Western Siberia, in respect of the herpes simplex virus. It is shown that the extracts derived from both aerial parts and roots of plants have on the Vero cell culture antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus of 1 and 2-type.

The article presents information on the distribution, on the use in traditional medicine, the chemical composition of plant material, pharmacological study of lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris L.), as well as the results of a study in culture Vero cell toxicity and antiviral properties of aqueous solutions of dry ethanol extract of the aerial parts and the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of lady's mantle, growing in Western Siberia, in respect of the herpes simplex virus. It is shown that the extracts derived from both aerial parts and roots of plants have on the Vero cell culture antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus of 1 and 2-type.

Исследована антивирусная активность препаратов № 5 и 6, полученных методом этилацетатного извлечения из подземных органов Alchemilla vulgaris L. (манжетки обыкновенной), и препаратов № 7(1) и 7(2), полученных методом этанольного извлечения из надземных частей этого растения, на перевиваемой линии клеток MDCK и аутбредных мышах популяции ICR. Выявлено, что все исследованные препараты подавляют в культуре клеток MDCK размножение вируса гриппа человека A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) на 1,0–2,0 lg и вируса гриппа птиц A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) на 2,5–4,0 lg. Определены 50 % ингибирующие вирус гриппа (H3N2 и H5N1) концентрации препаратов, которые составили от нескольких мкг/мл до 1,0-3,5 десятков мкг/мл, а также индексы селективности, значения которых были от 10,0 до 100,0. В опытах in vivo при пероральном введении растительных препаратов мышам, инфицированным вирусом гриппа птиц A/H5N1, в профилактической схеме коэффициент защиты животных составил 44,4; 33,3; 16,7 и 13,3 %, а в отношении вируса гриппа человека A/H3N2 – 57,8; 37,8; 33,3 и 41,4 % для образцов № 5, 6, 7(1) и 7(2) соответственно. Наибольшую защиту животных, инфицированных вирусом гриппа субтипа H3N2 или H5N1, проявлял экстракт № 5, полученный из корней растения. Препарат сравнения Тамифлю® при введении его мышам, инфицированным вирусом гриппа A/H5N1 и A/H3N2, обеспечивал защиту от гибели 50,0 и 77,8 % животных соответственно.

The results of studies on seeds of leguminous species growing under the conditions of temperate climatic zone concerning the presence of storage water-soluble polysaccharides galactomannanes are presented. A quantitative estimation is made for the galactomannane content in seeds of 45 species of 13 genuses from 7 tribes belonging to the leguminous family. For 23 species a chemical characteristic has been determined such as the ratio between mannose and galactose monomers in the molecule of galactomannane. The results obtained can be used in searching for domestic sources of phytogenous hydrocolloids being of interest in various scientific and practical fields.

A galactomannan with a molecular weight of 735 kDa was first isolated and purified from seeds of ambiguous crazyweed Oxytropis ambigua(Pall) DC (family Leguminosae) with a yield of 3.6%. Its aqueous solutions displayed an optical activity ([α] D = 73.32°) and high viscosity ([η] = 644 ml/g). Chemical analysis and 13C-NMR spectroscopy revealed the presence of D-mannopyranose and D-glucopyranose in the heteropolysaccharide at a molar ratio of 1.39 : 1. The linear backbone of its macromolecule consists of 1,4-β-D-mannopyranose residues. Single α-D-galactose residues substitute 72% of the mannoses to form branches.

We studied the content of flavonols and the activity of flavonol-oxidizing enzymes (flavonoloxidases and peroxidases) in different organs during buckwheat development. The content of flavonols and flavonoloxidase activity significantly varied between organs and changed during development. This situation was specific for organs with particular functions, and a direct relationship was observed between the flavonol content and flavonoloxidase activity. In contrast, the variability of peroxidase activity between organs and during development was less significant, and no relationship between peroxidase activity and flavonol content was observed. We propose that a balance between flavonoloxidase and peroxidase activity governs the pathways of flavonol metabolism in organs.