In this work, it was revealed that water and ethanol extracts of the plants Nepeta cataria, Nepeta sibirica, Scutellaria baicalensis, Hyssopus officinalis, Betonica officinalis, and water extracts of Dracocephalum moldavica, Glechoma hederacea, Mentha arvensis, Prunella vulgaris, Melissa officinalis ethanol extracts of Mentha piperita, Mentha crispa, Origanum vulgare, Hyssopus officinalis, Salvia verticillata showed antiviral activity against the influenza virus subtype H5N1. Aqueous extracts of Nepeta cataria and Glechoma hederacea (NI 3.75) showed the highest antiviral effect against the H5N1 subtype. It was revealed the antiviral activity against influenza virus subtype H3N2 of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis, Mentha piperita, Mentha arvensis, Mentha crispa, aqueous extract of Dracocephalum moldavica and ethanol extracts of Glechoma hederacea, Origanum vulgare, Prunella vulgaris, Hyssopus officinalis, Betonica officinalis, Salvia verticillata. Ethanolic extract of Betonica officinalis (NI 4.25) showed the highest virus neutralizing activity against the H3N2 subtype. It was carried out chemical analysis of the aerial parts of plants of the Lamiaceae family. It was shown that the highest content of flavonols was observed in Dracocephalum nutans (4.47±0.04%), the highest content of tannins was found in Mentha arvensis (17.62 ± 0.78%), and the highest content catechins were found in Nepeta cataria (0.43 ± 0.007%). Thus, plant extracts of the Lamiaceae family are promising sources for further studies to develop new antiviral drugs.

In this work, it was revealed that water and ethanol extracts of the plants Nepeta cataria, Nepeta sibirica, Scutellaria baicalensis, Hyssopus officinalis, Betonica officinalis, and water extracts of Dracocephalum moldavica, Glechoma hederacea, Mentha arvensis, Prunella vulgaris, Melissa officinalis ethanol extracts of Mentha piperita, Mentha crispa, Origanum vulgare, Hyssopus officinalis, Salvia verticillata showed antiviral activity against the influenza virus subtype H5N1. Aqueous extracts of Nepeta cataria and Glechoma hederacea (NI 3.75) showed the highest antiviral effect against the H5N1 subtype. It was revealed the antiviral activity against influenza virus subtype H3N2 of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis, Mentha piperita, Mentha arvensis, Mentha crispa, aqueous extract of Dracocephalum moldavica and ethanol extracts of Glechoma hederacea, Origanum vulgare, Prunella vulgaris, Hyssopus officinalis, Betonica officinalis, Salvia verticillata. Ethanolic extract of Betonica officinalis (NI 4.25) showed the highest virus neutralizing activity against the H3N2 subtype. It was carried out chemical analysis of the aerial parts of plants of the Lamiaceae family. It was shown that the highest content of flavonols was observed in Dracocephalum nutans (4.47±0.04%), the highest content of tannins was found in Mentha arvensis (17.62 ± 0.78%), and the highest content catechins were found in Nepeta cataria (0.43 ± 0.007%). Thus, plant extracts of the Lamiaceae family are promising sources for further studies to develop new antiviral drugs.

Antiviral activity of extracts from 14 plant species of 12 genera of 9 botanical families in the transplanted culture of MDCK cells against influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) (human) and A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) (birds) was investigated. Phytochemical characterisation of vegetal raw materials of these species for the content of certain groups of polyphenolic and terpenoid compounds was carried out. The effect of plant extracts on the influenza virus of each subtype was assessed relying on the value of the neutralization index. It was found that aqueous and ethanol extracts of the studied plant species exhibit different extents of activity against each of the influenza virus subtypes: from minimum to almost 100 % of virus-inhibiting values. Complete (100 %) inhibition, selectively for each of the two influenza virus subtypes, was found in the extracts of 6 plant species: three Persicaria species (P. scabra, P. lapathifolia, P. hydropi per), Comarum salesovianum (leaves and flowers), Dasiphora fruticosa and Hedysarum alpinum. They can be considered promising for further studies of antiviral activity against the human and bird influenza virus. A phytochemical assessment of the plant raw materials of the studied species showed that maximum amounts of flavonols (6.42 %), catechins (1.76 %), tannins (28.46 %) and carotenoids (70.4 %) were found in the raw materials of different plant species, extracts of which showed selective influenza activity of varying extent. Promising species can be recommended for more in-depth study, as basic, in order to develop phytopreparations of anti-influenza action against RNA-genomic viruses - human and bird influenza virus. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the taxonomic position of the species, the type of extraction, as well as the part or organ of the plant taken for study.

The composition and content of phenolic compounds in the organs of the above-ground part of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. depending on the phase of plant development were studied by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fourteen compounds found in water-ethanol extracts from organs of A. pilosa. Flavonols (kaempferol, astragalin, kaempferol-3-O-β-rutinoside, quercetin, hyperoside and rutin), flavones (apigenin, vitexin, luteolin and luteolin-7-glucoside) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic, vanillic and ellagic acids) have been identified. Hyperoside, rutin, and ellagic acid were the major constituents in the extracts from the leaves and the reproductive organs of the species. The highest content of rutin were found in the leaves during vegetative growth and in the inflorescences (2.75 and 2.67 mg/g, respectively). The highest content of hyperoside were observed in leaves in the phase of budding and fruiting (2.02 and 2.25 mg/g). The highest content of ellagic acid were revealed in leaves in the fruiting phase and in buds (3.49 and 2.09 mg/g). The highest total phenolic content was found in the leaves during the fruiting (21.1 mg/g). Unidentified flavonols number 12 and 13 (1.62 and 2.76 mg/g, respectively) were the domi-nant components in the leaves in the growing phase. The total content of phenolic compounds in buds (9.52 mg/g) and in inflorescences (9.80 mg/g) was the same. The total content of phenolic compounds in fruits was two times less (4.24 mg/g) than in buds and inflorescences.

The species of Rheum L. genus (rhubarb) have long attracted the attention of researchers as possible sources of drugs for various purposes. Mostly the underground organs of plants were studied since the main attention was paid to a group of substances specific to the species of this genus - anthraquinones and anthrons that exhibited multiple biological activity. Insufficient attention was given to the study of aboveground organs, while flowers and leaves are a valuable source of flavonoids, an equally important group of biologically active substances. Rhubarb growing both in nature and in culture in the forest-steppe region of West Siberia is characterized by a high content of flavonoids. It was found that during the period of mass flowering of wild plants from the regions of Siberia, the content of flavonoids varies within the limits for Rheum compactum 3.87-10.06 % (in flowers), 1.17-5.16 % (in leaves), for Rheum undulatum (syn. R. rhabarbarum) 5.04-9.62 % (in flowers), 2.00-7.57 % (in leaves) per the mass of absolutely dry raw materials. In culture, R. compactum and R. undulatum retain their ability to synthesize flavonoids. Their content in the flowers of R. compactum reaches 7.68 %, in the leaves - 4.27 %, in R. undulatum, respectively, 9.43 and 4.95 %. For 10 individual R. undulatum plants, the flavonoid content is in the range 3.53-9.43 % (flowers) and 2.25-4.95 % (leaves), the variation coefficients are 35 and 24 %, respectively, which is a favourable factor for the selection of highly productive rhubarb forms. When introduced into the Novosibirsk region, all 15 tested rhubarb species, regardless of the origin of the seeds, showed the ability to synthesize a large number of flavonoids, especially in flowers, which indicates that its cultivation on an industrial scale is promising. The representatives of the Rhapontica and Palmata sections are particularly responsive to cultural conditions.

The review of the data on the chemical composition and biological activity of the genus Monarda L. represented by 20 species growing in North America is given. M. fistulosa L., M. didyma L. and M. citriodora Cervantes ex Lag. are successfully cultivated in various regions of Russia. The essential oils of Monarda are distinguished by the high content of phenols (67-89 %). Their composition depends on the species of Monarda, vegetation phase, site of growth, weather conditions. Under the conditions of a sharply continental Siberian climate (Novosibirsk), M. fistulosa has a high content (up to 4.16 %) of essential oil, more than in the Crimea and the North Caucasus. The phenolic complex contains flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic acids. Specific to the species of this genus is monardein, 3-O-(6-0-trans-p-coumaryl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-5-O-(4,6-di-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)pelargonidine. The essential oil and extracts of Monarda have a high bactericidal, antiviral, antifungal activity, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, radioprotective, antioncological, etc. action. The oil extract of the aerial parts of M. fistulosa showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli., etc. The aqueous-ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed high antiviral activity against influenza virus, subtype A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) (human) and A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) (birds). The extracts of Monarda also possess pronounced fungicidal properties. The activity of oil, water and water-alcohol extracts of M. fistulosa against the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans was very high. Thymol and thymoquinone from M. fistulosa are cytotoxic against certain lines of human tumour cells. The essential oil from M. citriodora and its main component, thymol, inhibit the proliferation of HL-60, MCF-7, PC-3, A-549 and MDAMB-231 cancer cells. Carvacrol also has an antioxidant and antitumour effect. Essential oil is used in the cosmetic and food industry to flavour vermouths, stabilize wines, and also as a natural flavouring agent, preservative and antioxidant instead of synthetic food additives. To expand the domestic market of raw materials, it is advisable to grow Monarda in culture.

The expansion of alien plant species in natural communities is now taking a global scale. Since most invasive plants have economically valuable properties, many researchers agree that these plants must be used as new sources of biological resources. The composition and content of biologically active compounds were studied in the leaves of potentially invasive species of Novosibirsk – Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. and its ornamental cultivars Ph. opulifolius ‘Diabolo’, Ph. opulifolius ‘Luteus’ by the method of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. For the first time an analysis of phenolic profiles of introduced, self-sown and cultivated Ph. opulifolius plants has been performed. Presence of 22 phenolic compounds represented by several groups of substances with predominating flavanols (hyperoside, rutin, astragalin and quercetin) has been established. Avicularin has been only revealed in the leaves of cultivars. The sum of identified flavonols greatly varies in different samples, the highest content is in the cultivar Ph. opulifolius ‘Diabolo’ (14.68 mg/g) and self-sown plants of Ph. opulifolius (14.22 mg/g). The content of the sum of identified flavons (vitexin, isovitexin, baicalin) and phenolic acid (сhlorogenic and caffeic acids) is almost the same in all Ph. opulifolius samples under study. The data obtained will allow to widen the idea of the resource potential of the aggressive invasive species and its ornamental cultivars in the secondary areal.

Introduction. The abolition of smallpox vaccination after its elimination in 1980 led to a decrease in the immunocompromised immunity in humans. Zoonotic monkeypox, camelpox, buffalopox and cowpox viruses that are close to the variola virus also pose a danger to humans. In Russia today there are no effective and safe medicines for the prevention and treatment of smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections in humans and animals. The Lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris) is a promising source for the development of new antiviral drugs. Previous studies have found that Alchemilla vulgaris shows activity against influenza virus and herpes simplex virus.Aim. The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition and antiviral activity of extracts from the roots and the grass of Alchemilla vulgaris against orthopoxviruses.Materials and methods. Qualitative analysis of the samples was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. Quantitative analysis was performed using a complex of spectrophotometric methods. To determine the toxicity and antiviral activity of experimental samples from Alchemilla vulgaris in vitro, a transplantable Vero cell culture was used. Antiviral activity of the obtained preparations was evaluated by reducing the infectivity (titer) of orthopoxviruses in the monolayer of Vero cells infected with orthopoxviruses in the presence of preparations with different concentrations relative to the cell culture infected with orthopoxviruses without the preparations.Results and discussion. It was shown that the experimental sample from Alchemilla vulgaris obtained by the method of ethyl acetate extraction from the roots of the studied plant and purified with chloroform contains mainly catechins and leucoanthocyanins (70 %). In parallel, extract from the raw mass of the grass of the plant purified with chloroform and ethanol contains the amount of flavonoids (71 %). Wherein the content of flavonoids in unpurified ethanol extracts from the roots and the grass of Alchemilla vulgaris composed 5 % and 6 %, respectively. It was revealed that purified preparations obtained from Alchemilla vulgaris roots when using ethyl acetate and ethanol as extractants showed antiviral activity against vaccinia virus and ectromelia virus, as well as preparations obtained from grass by ethanol extraction.Conclusion. Thus, purified ethyl acetate extracts from the roots and ethanol extracts from the wet grass mass of Alchemilla vulgaris exhibit antiviral activity against orthopoxviruses in vitro.

The article presents information on the distribution, on the use in traditional medicine, the chemical composition of plant material, pharmacological study of lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris L.), as well as the results of a study in culture Vero cell toxicity and antiviral properties of aqueous solutions of dry ethanol extract of the aerial parts and the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of lady's mantle, growing in Western Siberia, in respect of the herpes simplex virus. It is shown that the extracts derived from both aerial parts and roots of plants have on the Vero cell culture antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus of 1 and 2-type.

In vitro propagation system for Astragalus sericeocanus Gontsch., an endemic species of the coast of Lake Baikal, was developed for the first time. This species is a source of valuable secondary metabolites with medicinal properties. The efficiency of mechanical and chemical scarifications for overcoming physical dormancy of seeds of this species was estimated. The highest percentage of seed germination (80.7 ± 0.88 %) at the minimum duration of germination (7.3 ± 0.33 days) was obtained by mechanical treatment. The effect of thidiazuron (TDZ; 0.05–2.0 mg/l) supplemented to B5 medium on regenerative potential of different explant types was studied. Efficient TDZ concentrations induced direct organogenesis from primary shoots of seedlings (regeneration frequency up to 100 %) and axillary buds of microshoots (up 31.1 %) were revealed. The results showed that 0.1 mg/l TDZ was the ptimal concentration for the development of axillary meristems of primary shoots. Following cultivation of microshoots on the medium for propagation supplemented with 0.2 mg/l TDZ resulted in formation of 11.4 ± 0.64 shoots per explant. Callus formation was observed on medium supplemented with 1.0 and 0.05 mg/l TDZ using hypocotyl and cotyledon explants. Analysis of secondary metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the composition and content of phenolic compounds in regenerants obtained on medium supplemented with 0.05–0.1 mg/l TDZ were comparable to in vivo plants, indicating high biosynthetic capacity of microplants. Quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin and izorhamnetin were identified in the hydrolysates of extracts of in vivo plant leaves. Hydrolysates of in vitro plants extracts were characterized by the absence of apigenin only.

Accumulation dynamics of biologically active substances (flavonols, catechins, tannins, pectin substances, saponins, and carotenoids) in the organs of aboveground parts of the plants Rheum altaicum Losinsk. growing in the experimental plot of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS (Novosibirsk) was studied. The buds and flowers of plants may be a source of flavonols (7.40 and 5.89 %), catechins (0.91 and 2.01 %), tannins (32.37 and 27.83 %), and saponins (34.29 and 17.99 %, respectively), as established. Leaves in budding and flowering phases accumulate significant amounts of almost all groups of compounds, especially many carotenoids (160.05 and 191.81 mg/dL). Leaf petioles during these periods are a rich source of pectins (3.47 and 4.66 %), protopectins (7.22 and 9.20 %), and saponins (24.06 and 22.3 %). Considering the findings, cultivated R. altaicum may be recommended as raw materials enriched with a complex of biologically active substances.

Content of phenolic substances in the organs of aboveground part of plants of Rheum compactum L. and R. altaicum Losinsk. is investigated. Differences in the dynamics of accumulation of substances have not been revealed. It was determind, that buds and fl owers of plants can be a source of fl avonols (up to 7,42 %), catechins (up to 2,01 %) and tannins (up to 32,37 %) for the production of medicinal plant material. Leaves and leaves-stalk used in food accumulate a lot of fl avonols (up to 4,07 % in leaves and up to 0,81 % in leaves-stalk) and tannins (up to до 19,54 % and up to 16,18 %, accordingly) during budding and blossoming.

Using HPLC method, composition and content of the flavonoid aglycons and glycosides were studied in the leaves of species from section Eudmus (Astragalus uliginosus L., A. schelichovii Turcz.) and section Melilotopsis Gontsch. (A. melilotoides Pall., A. tenuis Turcz.) of the genus Аstragalus L. from different habitats. In extracts' hydrolysates of A. uliginosus and A. schelichovii leaves, five flavonoid aglycones have been found. Quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin have been identified in them. Morphological and geographical differentiation of these species is confirmed by the taxon specific composition of the flavonoid glycosides. The average value of the sum of major flavonoids glycosides has been as follows: in leaves of A. uliginosus plants 2.46 % (by weight of the absolutely dry raw material), in A. schelichovii 3.08 %. In A. melilotoides, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, rutin and isoquercitrin have been found, and in A. tenuis, there have been quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, luteolin, isoquercitrin, quercetin-3-O-p-glucobioside. Multicomponent composition of phenolic compounds of the A. melilotoides (33 substances) distinguishes it from composition of the A. tenuis (12 substances). The content of phenolic compounds in A. melilotoides amounted to 6.0 %, A. tenuis to 7.0 %, including quercetin-3-O-p-glucobioside to 4.30 %. Flavonoid composition and content of the species of Eudmus and Melilotopsis sections can serve as chemotaxonomic markers in the study of systematic classification of plants. The high content of substances allows us to recommend the species investigated as sources of flavonoids.

The article presents information on the distribution, on the use in traditional medicine, the chemical composition of plant material, pharmacological study of lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris L.), as well as the results of a study in culture Vero cell toxicity and antiviral properties of aqueous solutions of dry ethanol extract of the aerial parts and the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of lady's mantle, growing in Western Siberia, in respect of the herpes simplex virus. It is shown that the extracts derived from both aerial parts and roots of plants have on the Vero cell culture antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus of 1 and 2-type.

The content of secondary metabolites—flavonols, catechins, tannins, saponins, pectinaceous substances, and carotenoids—in leaves and inflorescences of East Asian species Bistorta pacifica (V. Petrov ex Kom.) Kom. and B. elliptica (Willd. ex Spreng) Kom. growing in Primorskii krai has been studied. A certain organospecificity in their accumulation is noted. Inflorescence contains more flavonols, catechins, and saponins; leaves contain more tannins, protopectins, and carotenoids. Phenolic compounds (hyperosid, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, rutin, astragalin, orientin, vitexin, and isovitexin) are found in aqueous–alcoholic extracts from aerial parts of the studied plants through the use of HPLC methods. Quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, orientin, vitexin, isovitexin, chlorogenic, and caffeic acids are found in hydrolyzates of the extracts. Morphologically similar species B. pacifica and B. elliptica differ not only by their ecological preferences, but also by the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds.

The dynamic of accumulation of the biologically active substances in the organs the above-ground parts of the plants Rheum compactum L. was studied. Revealed, that the buds and flowers can be a source of flavonols (7.42% and7.00%, respectively), catechins (0.61% and 1.05%), tannins (25.48% and 22.13%) and saponins (24/89% in the buds). Leaves during growth and early budding accumulate a lot of carotenoids (212.67%). Most pectin contained in the leaf petioles (3.43% pectin and 3.40% protopectin)