Data are presented on a special group of cytokine proteins called chemokines, whose major and most important function is to stimulate the migration of leukocytes and other cells, thus they are involved in all protective, as well as destructive immune and inflammatory reactions. Chemokines mediate haptotaxis, chemokinesis, haptokinesis, adhesion, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis. At the same time, chemokines release growth factors and cytokines and facilitate the regeneration of damaged tissues. One of the most important members of this group is the CCL2 chemokine which is able to regulate the infiltration and migration of various cells that play a significant role in non-specific and adaptive immunity, in inflammation and tissue regeneration, and in the activity of the central nervous system. The main receptor for CCL2 is CCR2 which is widely expressed in various cells and tissues. As a person ages, the content of CCL2 increases, which correlates with the development of severe cognitive impairment and the severity of diseases that occur most often in old age. It has been established that overexpression of CCL2 in the CNS contributes to an increase in pathogenic types of tau protein and is associated with glial neuroinflammatory changes. CCL2 and CCR2 are involved in altered amyloid beta (Aβ) metabolism which underlies Alzheimer’s disease. Increased expression of CCL2 in various areas of the CNS was found in Parkinson’s disease, depression, stroke, and traumatic brain injury, which correlates with manifestations of cognitive impairment. The CCL2/CCR2 axis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular lesions, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, oncogenesis, and complications associated with atherosclerosis, including ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, and severe heart failure. A significant increase in the level of CCL2 and the expression of CCR2 within tumor cells was found in cancer of various organs. Thus, CCL2 and CCR2 play a significant role in the development of age-related diseases.

Цель исследования - изучение взаимосвязи между вариабельностью сердечного ритма (ВСР) системой гемостаза и гемодинамическими функциями у женщин больных эссенциальной гипертензией (ГБ) в зависимости от методов применяемой терапии. Методика. Под наблюдением находились 72 женщины, страдающие гипертонической болезнью. Обследовано 2 группы пациенток: 1-я группа (ГБ-1) находилась на медикаментозной терапии, 2-я (ГБ-2) - наряду с медикаментозной терапией регулярно на протяжении 2-3 лет проходила не менее 3 полуторамесячных курсов кинезитерапии. Для изучения гемодинамики был использован датчик динамического рассеяния света (miniature Dynamic Light Scattering - mDLS) от Elfi-Tech (Rehovot, Israel), измеряющий сигналы, инициированные кожным кровотоком и использующий методику разложения сигнала на частотные компоненты, связанные с разными гемодинамическими источниками. Из пульсовой компоненты mDLS сигнала извлекалась информация о вариабельности RR интервалов, и рассчитывались индикаторы вариабельности сердечного ритма. Изучали показатели свёртывающей системы крови: активированное парциальное тромбопластиновое время - (АПТВ), протромбиновое время (ПТВ) с вычислением МНО, тромбиновое время (ТВ), концентрация фибриногена, факторов II (протромбин), IIa (тромбин), IX и Х [10]. Кроме перечисленных методов исследования определялся пространственный рост фибринового сгустка, осуществляемый с помощью прибора «Регистратор Тромбодинамики Т-2». Достоинством способа является его объективность и то, что программой предусмотрена фоторегистрация роста сгустка через 5, 15 и 30 мин. Результаты. Как в группе ГБ-1, так и ГБ-2 выявлены многочисленные корреляционные связи между различными показателями ВСР, системы гемостаза и гемодинамических Данные представленные в виде матрицы свидетельствуют о том, что сдвиги в системе гемостаза и гемодинамики у больных ГБ-1, обусловленные деятельностью сердца и осуществляемые при участии как симпатического, так и парасимпатического отделов АНС способствуют возникновению тромботических осложнений. В то же время у больных ГБ-2 ВСР практически не коррелирует с показателями системы гемостаза и в меньшей степени связана с гемодинамические функции, благодаря чему состояние гемостаза и гемодинамики приближается к показателям здоровых женщин. Между тем, выявленные взаимосвязи между системой гемостаза и гемодинамическими функциями как у больных ГБ-1, так и ГБ-2 направлены на предотвращение внутрисосудистого свёртывания крови. Заключение. Применение систематической умеренной физической нагрузки на протяжении 2 - 3 лет способствует нормализации взаимоотношений между ВСР, системой гемостаза и гемодинамическими функциями у больных ГБ и способствует более устойчивой нормализации кровяного давления. Aim. To study the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV), hemostasis, and hemodynamic functions in women with essential hypertension (EH), depending on the method of therapy. Methods. 72 women with hypertension were monitored. Two patient groups were evaluated: the first group (EH-1) had recceived only drug therapy and the second group (EH-2), in addition to drug therapy, had regularly participated in at least three 1.5 mos long courses of kinesitherapy over a 2-3 years period. To study hemodynamics, we used a miniature Dynamic Light Scattering (mDLS) sensor from Elfi-Tech (Rehovot, Israel), which measures signals initiated by skin blood flow and uses a technique for decomposing the signal into frequency components associated with different hemodynamic sources. Information on the variability of RR intervals was extracted from the pulse component of the mDLS signal, and parameters of heart rate variability were calculated. Indexes of the coagulation system were studied, including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PTT) with calculation of INR, thrombin time (TT), concentrations of fibrinogen and factors II (prothrombin), IIa (thrombin), IX, and X [10]. In addition, spatial fibrin clot growth was determined with a Thrombodynamics Registrator T-2 apparatus. The method benefits are its objectivity and a possibility of photorecording of the clot growth at 5, 15 and 30 min. Results. Both in the EH-1 and EH-2 groups, numerous correlations were detected between various parameters of HRV, the hemostatic system, and hemodynamic functions, as well as between the parameters of the hemostatic system and hemodynamic functions. The data are presented in the form of a matrix. The data indicate that shifts in the hemostatic and hemodynamic systems of EH-1 patients induced by cardiac activity and resulting from activities of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic sections of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are aimed at enhancing the hemostatic properties of blood, and this contributes to thrombotic complications. At the same time, in EH-2 patients, HRV had practically no effect on the hemostatic system and to a lesser extent was related with the hemodynamic function. Due to this, the state of hemostasis and hemodynamics in EH-2 patients approaches the state found in healthy women. In addition, the relationship between the hemostatic system and hemodynamic function in both EH-1 and EH-2 patients are aimed at preventing intravascular coagulation. Conclusion. The use of systematic, moderate physical activity for 2 to 3 years helps hypertensive patients to normalize the relationship between HRV, the hemostatic system, and hemodynamic functions. This contributes to a more normal and stable blood pressure.

Objective. To identify the effects of youth and aging proteins — GDF11, CCL11, GDF15, JAM-A on cardiohemodynamics in healthy and hypertensive women. Design and methods. The study involved 102 women. The control group consisted of 30 healthy women. Hypertensives were divided into 2 groups. The first (HTN-1) included 37 women with stage II hypertension (HTN) who received antihypertensive therapy. The second group (HTN-2) included patients who received antihypertensive drugs and regularly underwent kinesitherapy for 2-3 years. The enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) method was performed to determine the levels of GDF11, GDF15, JAM-A and CCL11 proteins. All subjects underwent echocardiography and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Results. In healthy women, we found a positive correlation between the GDF15 proteins and JAM-A and blood pressure (BP). The GDF11/GDF15 ratio negatively correlated with BP level. In HTN-1 group, a negative relationship was found between the GDF15 level and the mean and pulse systolic pressure. In HTN-2 group, a negative relationship was found between CCL11 protein and pulse pressure, as well as the GDF15/CCL11 ratio and diastolic and positive correlation with the pulse pressure. In healthy subjects, no significant correlations were found between the studied proteins and cardiovascular functions, but GDF11/CCL11 ratio positively correlated with echocardiographic indices: the final systolic and impact volumes. In HTN-2 group, a positive relationship was found between the GDF11/GDF15 ratio and the minute volume, as well as GDF15/CCL11 and systolic shortening. The absolute values of hemodynamic indices (HI) in HTN-1 group were lower than in the control group, indicating a violation of the microcirculation with the trend towards the higher velocities. In HTN-2 group, hemodynamic parameters were close to those in the control group. In healthy individuals, HTN-1 and HTN-2 groups, dozens correlations were found between the studied proteins, their ratios, and various hemodynamic and oscillatory indices. Conclusions. The levels of the “youth protein” GDF11 and the “aging proteins” GDF15, CCL11, JAM-A, as well as their ratios, exhibit positive and negative relationships with BP and cardiohemodynamic functions. At the same time, the effect of GDF11 and its predominance over CCL11, GDF15 and JAM-A is mostly adaptive.

Objective . To assess the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP) and heart function in patients with essential hypertension (EH) who are undergoing medical treatment (EH-1) and are simultaneously regularly involved in kinesitherapy (EH-2). Design and methods . In patients, blood pressure (BP) was measured and echocardiography was performed to determine the end-systolic and end-diastolic volume (ESV and EDV) of the left ventricle (LV), cardiac minute volume (CMV), stroke volume (SV) of the LV, left ventricular myocardial mass (LVM), LVM index (LVMI), post-systolic shortening (PSS), and ejection fraction (EF). To assess the characteristics of HRV, photoplethysmography (PPG) was applied. Information on the variability of the RR intervals was extracted from the pulse component of the PPG signal, and HRV indicators were calculated: HR — heart rate, LF — power in the Low Frequency range (sympathetic activity), HF — power in the High Frequency range (parasympathetic activity), LF/HF — general sympatho-vagal balance, CVI — cardiac vagal index, CSI — cardiac sympathetic index. Results . EH-1 patients have a negative relationship between LF and mean BP. In EH-2 women, positive relationships between LF and pulse BP, HF and systolic and pulse pressure were found. In patients with EH-1, there is a negative relationship between VLF and CMV, and CSI with LVMI. In patients with GB-2, there are positive correlations between SDNN and EDV, LF and EDV, SV and CMV, as well as LF/HF with EDV, SV and CMV, CSI and CVI with PSS. Conclusions . In women of the EH-1 group, there is an imbalance in the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), while the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic sections of the ANS in patients with EH-2 is strictly balanced.

Aim.To find out the relationship of particular blood cells (BC) and their ratios with lipid metabolism in patients with essential hypertension (EH), with (EH-1) and without kinesiotherapy (EH-2).Material and methods.The study included 30 healthy women (control group) and 72 women with EH, which were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (EH-1) — 37 women with stage II (target organ damage classification) hypertension who receive antihypertensive therapy; group 2 (EH-2) — 35 women who underwent antihypertensive therapy and kinesiotherapy (3-4 courses for 2-3 years).Results.Correlation analysis revealed that the studied relationships in healthy women, EH-1 and EH-2 women can be either direct or inverse. In healthy women, we observed negative association of monocytes (MON) with atherogenic index (AI), a positive association of basophils (BAS) with high density lipoproteins (HDL) and its negative association with low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and AI and red blood cells/platelets (RBC/PLT ratio) with HDL. Negative associations of lymphocytes (LYM)/BAS ratio with triglyceride (TG) and eosinophils (EOS)/BAS ratio with LDL were also detected. Patients with EH-1 had a direct relationship between LYM/EOS ratio and TG. In patients with EH-2, a negative relationship was found between PLT and HDL, MON and HDL, neutrophils (NEU)/MON ratio and TAG, and a positive — between white blood cells (WBC), NEU, MON and AI, LYM and TAG, MON and TAG, as well as AI.Conclusion.The obtained data indicate that all BC and their ratios in women with/without EH and with/without kinesiotherapy affect the lipid metabolism.

У женщин, больных гипертонической болезнью, существуют тесные корреляционные взаимосвязи между различными форменными элементами крови и уровнем артериального давления, показателями деятельности сердца, тестами, характеризующими состояние гемодинамики, тромбодинамики и коагуляционной активности крови. Цель исследования - изучение роли различных форменных элементов крови и их соотношения в регуляции уровня эстрогена, прогестерона и пролактина, ТБК-активных продуктов и антиоксидантной активности у больных гипертонической болезнью. Методика. Исследования проведены на 72 больных гипертонической болезнью, контрольную группу составили 12 женщин с нормальным артериальным давлением. Больные были разделены на 2 группы: в 1-ю группу вошли 37 пациенток с гипертонической болезнью II стадии, находящиеся на гипотензивной терапии, 2-ю - составили 35 женщин с гипертонией II стадии, которые кроме медикаментозного лечения, регулярно проходили курсы кинезотерапии на протяжении 2-3 лет. Результаты. Методом корреляционного анализа установлено, что у здоровых женщин и больных гипертонической болезнью, изучаемые взаимосвязи могут носить как однонаправленный, так и разнонаправленный характер. У здоровых женщин обнаруживается прямая связь между количеством лимфоцитов и уровнем прогестерона и обратная - с уровнем пролактина. Прямая связь также выявлена между индексом нейтрофилы/базофилы и прогестероном. При гипертонии у больных 1-й группы обнаруживается прямая связь между количеством эритроцитов и прогестероном, числом эозинофилов и пролактином; индекса лимфоциты/эозинофилы с эстрадиолом; индексов нейтрофилы/моноциты, нейтрофилы/базофилы и лимфоциты/базофилы с прогестероном. Отрицательная корреляция выявляется между индексами нейтрофилы/лимфоциты и нейтрофилы/эозинофилы с пролактином. У больных 2-й группы обнаружены прямые корреляционные связи между абсолютным количеством лейкоцитов, нейтрофилов и эозинофилов и отрицательная связь индекса эритроциты/лейкоциты с пролактином. При оценке корреляционных взаимосвязей показателей крови с показателями активности оксидантно/антиоксидантной системы показано, что у здоровых женщин существуют положительные связи между числом моноцитов с содержанием ТБК-продуктов и активностью антиоксидантной системы; эозинофилов с активностью антиоксидантной системы; индекса лейкоциты/тромбоциты с уровнем ТБК-продуктов. При гипертонической болезни в группе без кинезотерапии (1-я группа) выявлена отрицательная взаимосвязь между общим числом эритроцитов и показателями активности антиоксидантной системы. Заключение. Практически все форменные элементы крови и различные их взаимоотношения у здоровых и больных гипертонической болезнью играют существенную роль в регуляции уровня эстрадиола, прогестерона, пролактина и состояния системы перекисного окисления липидов - антиоксидантная активность. Close correlations exist between different blood cells (BC), blood pressure, heart function, results of hemodynamics tests, thrombodynamics, and blood coagulation in women with hypertension. Aim. The study addressed the role of different BCs and their combinations in regulation of estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, TBA-reactive substances (TBARS), and antioxidant activity (AOA) in hypertensive patients. Methods. The study included 12 healthy women (control) and 72 patients with essential hypertension (EH). Patients with EH were divided into two groups; the first group (EH-1) consisted of 37 women with stage II EH receiving an antihypertensive therapy and the second group (EH-2) consisted of 35 women who, in addition to the drug therapy, yearly underwent 3-4 courses of kinesitherapy for 2-3 year on a regular basis. Results. Both in healthy women and patients of the EH-1 and EH-2 groups, the studied relationships were either positive or negative. In healthy women, LYM positively correlated with progesterone and inversely correlated with prolactin, and the NEU/BAS ratio positively correlated with progesterone. In patients of the EH-1 group, there were positive correlations of RBC with progesterone; EOS with prolactin; and LYM/EOS with estradiol; and NEU/MON, NEU/BAS, and LYM/BAS with progesterone. The NEU/LYM and NEU/EOS ratios inversely correlated with prolactin. In patients of the EH-2 group, there were positive correlations of WBC, NEU, and EOS with prolactin and inverse correlations of the RBC/WBC ratio with prolactin. Evaluation of correlations between blood indexes and the oxidant/antioxidant system showed that in healthy women, there were positive correlations of the MON count with TBARS and AOA; EOS with AOA; and the WBC/PLT ratio with TBARS. Patients of the EH-1 group showed a negative correlation of the total RBC count with AOA. Conclusion. In both healthy subjects and EH groups, almost all BCs and their relationships play a significant role in regulation of estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, and the lipid peroxidation/AOA system.

Thirty apparently healthy elderly women and 72 women diagnosed with Hypertensive Heart Disease (HHD) participated in the study. The subjects with hypertension were divided into two groups: the first group (HHD-1) included women receiving medication; the second group (HHD-2) included women receiving medication and kinesiotherapy (three or four courses regularly during the past two to three years). In elderly women with a high blood pressure, the total number of lymphocytes and eosinophils was higher than in healthy women. The women with hypertension also had higher values of stroke volume (SV), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), cardiac output (CO), left ventricular mass (LVDM), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). In women with hypertension, the balance of velocity distribution in the arteries and microvasculature was shifted toward the fast interlayer processes. In women who exercised regularly, these changes were much smaller. In both healthy women and women with hypertension, there was an association between the total leukocyte count, individual types of leukocytes, the level of blood pressure, and hemodynamic parameters. The strongest relationships were observed between the number of eosinophils and the blood pressure.

Recent studies demonstrated an important role of the junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Our studies showed higher content of JAM-A in women with essential hypertension. Also hypertensive women have higher levels of very low–density lipoprotein (VLDL), higher atherogenic index and lower concentrations of estrogen, progesterone and prolactin, indicating an increased risk of atherosclerosis and premature aging. By the laser speckle showed that the hemodynamic indices considerably change in essential hypertension. The levels of JAM-A correlate with blood pressure, lipids and hemodynamic indices, both in healthy subjects and in women with essential hypertension. The data demonstrate the importance of JAM-A in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.

Цель исследования: изучить взаимосвязь между концентрацией «белка молодости» GDF11 в крови и состоянием системы гемостаза у здоровых людей и больных гипертонической болезнью (ГБ). Материалы и методы. Обследовано 102 женщины: 30 относительно здоровых женщин (1 группа); 37 женщин, больных ГБ, находившихся на медикаментозном лечении (2 группа); 35 женщин, больных ГБ, находившихся на медикаментозном лечении и регулярно принимавших курсы кинезитерапии (3 группа). Результаты. При ГБ не обнаружено существенных отклонений в числе тромбоцитов, значениях активированного частичного тромбопластинового времени, протромбиновом и тромбиновом времени, содержании фибриногена, но значительно увеличена скорость образования и размер фибринового сгустка, что свидетельствовало о выраженной гиперкоагуляции. Одновременно у страдающих ГБ отмечены выраженные сдвиги в гемодинамических и осцилляторных индексах, говорящих о расстройствах осевого и пристеночного кровотока. У больных ГБ, которые помимо медикаментозной антигипертензивной терапии систематически принимали курсы кинезитерапии на протяжении 2-3 лет, не только нормализовалось кровяное давление, но и приблизились к норме показатели тромбо- и гемодинамики. Заключение. У женщин, страдающих ГБ и находящихся на медикаментозной терапии, содержание «белка молодости» GDF11 резко снижено. У больных ГБ выявлены многочисленные положительные и отрицательные корреляционные взаимосвязи между уровнем GDF11, системой гемостаза, кровяным давлением и гемодинамическими и осцилляторными индексами, характеризующими состояние осевого и пристеночного кровотока. Aim: to study the relationship between blood level of «youth protein» GDF11 and hemostatic parameters in healthy people and hypertensive patients. Materials and methods. We examined 102 women: 30 relatively healthy women (group 1); 37 women with hypertensive disease (HD) who received antihypertensive therapy (group 2); 35 women with HD who received antihypertensive therapy and regular courses of kinesitherapy (group 3). Results. In hypertensive women there were no significant deviations in platelets number, values of activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin and thrombin times, fibrinogen concentration, but the rate of formation and size of fibrin clot were significantly increased that was the evidence of significant hypercoagulation. At the same time in patients with HD significant changes in hemodynamic and oscillatory indices were revealed that illustrated the disorders of axial and parietal blood flow. In patients with GB who received antihypertensive therapy and regular courses of kinesitherapy (over the time of 2-3 years) we found normalization of blood pressure, also thrombodynamic and hemodynamic parameters approached to normal. Conclusion. In women with HD who received antihypertensive therapy blood content of «youth protein» GDF11 was significantly reduced. Numerous positive and negative correlations between the level of GDF11, hemostatic parameters, blood pressure and hemodynamic and oscillatory indices that characterized axial and parietal blood flow were revealed in patients with GB.

Цель исследования - изучение взаимосвязи содержания белков GDF11, GDF15, CCL11, JAM-A и кровяного давления у здоровых женщин и женщин, страдающих гипертонической болезнью. Методика. В исследовании приняло участие 118 женщин. Содержание белков GDF11, GDF15, JAM-A и CCL11 определялось методом иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА). Вычислялись коэффициенты, характеризующие отношение «белка молодости» к «белкам старости» GDF11/GDF15, GDF11/CCL11 и GDF11/JAM-A. Величину систолического (SBP) и диастолического давления (DBP) определяли методом Короткова. Результаты. У женщин, страдающих гипертонической болезнью, значительно снижено содержание «белка молодости» GDF11 и повышена концентрация «белков старости» - GDF15, CCL-11 и адгезивной молекулы JAM-A. Установлены положительные и отрицательные корреляции между отдельными исследуемыми компонентами и уровнем кровяного давления. Показано, что чем выше показатель отношения «белка молодости» GDF11 к «белкам старости» GDF15, CCL-11, JAM-A, тем ниже уровень систолического, диастолического и среднего кровяного давления. Заключение. На основании полученных данных сделано заключение, что соотношения уровней «белка молодости» GDF11 и «белков старости» - GDF15, CCL11 и JAM-A играет в регуляции уровня кровяного давления существенно более важную роль, чем каждая из этих молекул в отдельности. Систематическое использование на протяжении 2-3 лет курсов кинезитерапии приводит к восстановлению нормального соотношения «белков молодости» и «белков старости», что сопровождается нормализацией кровяного давления. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between contents of GDF11, GDF15, CCL11, and JAM-A proteins and blood pressure in healthy women and women with essential hypertension. Methods. The study involved 118 women. Contents of GDF11, GDF15, JAM-A, and CCL11 were measured using the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Ratios of the «youth protein» to «aging proteins» (GDF11/GDF15, GDF11/CCL11, and GDF11/JAM-A) were computed. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure was measured using the Korotkov method. Results. In hypertensive women, the content of the «youth protein», GDF11, was significantly reduced, and concentrations of «aging proteins», GDF15, CCL-11, and the adhesion molecule JAM-A, were increased. Some «youth and aging proteins» were positively or negatively correlated with blood pressure. The greater was the ratio of the «youth protein», GDF11, to «aging proteins», GDF15, CCL-11, and JAM-A, the lower was systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure. Therefore, the relationship between the ratio of the «youth protein», GDF11, to «aging proteins», GDF15, CCL11, and JAM-A, plays a substantially greater role in regulation of blood pressure than each of these molecules alone. Conclusion. Systematic use of kinesiotherapeutic courses for 2-3 years restores a normal «youth to aging protein» ratio and improves blood pressure.

Aim. To study the role of different blood cells in the development of coagulation potential in healthy women and patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods. The study included 102 women. The control group consisted of 30 relatively healthy women. Patients with EH were divided into 2 subgroups: the first subgroup (EH-1) included 37 women with stage II arterial hypertension, the second subgroup (EH-2) — 35 women with stage II EH who received 3-4 courses of kinesitherapy for 2-3 years on a regular basis. The following values were determined: platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen concentration, and spatial fibrin clot growth, including the delay time of clot lengthening, initial and steady growth rate, and clot density and size. The role of different blood cells in the development of coagulation potential was evaluated in healthy and EH women using the correlation analysis. Results. All women had increased numbers of lymphocytes and eosinophils; showed a predisposition to thrombosis as was evident from thrombodynamic properties of the clot; and increased formation rate and size of the fibrin clot. These changes were less pronounced in the EH-2 group. In healthy women, a direct correlation was observed between the number of monocytes, APTT and the thrombin time. and a negative correlation — between the number of lymphocytes and APTT. In this group, the number of eosinophils positively correlated with the prothrombin time and the clot density. In the EH-1 group, the number of neutrophils inversely correlated with the rate of clot formation; the number of monocytes positively correlated with the clot formation rate and size; and the number of basophils positively correlated with the thrombin time. In EH-2 patients receiving kinesitherapy, the number of red cells inversely correlated with APTT; the number of platelets positively correlated with the thrombin time, the clot formation rate and size; and the total number of leukocytes positively correlated with the prothrombin time and the clot formation rate. The neutrophil count positively correlated with the prothrombin time and negatively — with the rate of clot formation. The number of lymphocytes and eosinophils negatively correlated with the rate of clot formation, and the number of basophils — with the fibrinogen level and the rate of clot emergence. Conclusion. Platelets and leukocyte populations play the main role in the formation of coagulation potential in healthy women and patients with EH. The beneficial effect of kinesitherapy is discussed.

Цель исследования: изучить взаимосвязь между содержанием «белка старости» хемокина CCL11, состоянием системы гемостаза и течением кардиогемодинамических функций у женщин, больных эссенциальной гипертонией. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 118 женщин. Контрольную группу составили 30 относительно здоровых женщин. Больные гипертонической болезнью (ГБ) были разделены на 3 группы. В группу 1 (ГБ-1) вошли 16 женщин, у которых ГБ была выявлена впервые, в связи с чем они не принимали гипотензивной терапии. Группа 2 (ГБ-2) состояла из 37 женщин, страдающих артериальной гипертензией (АГ) II стадии. В группу 3 (ГБ-3) вошли 35 женщин, регулярно проходившие на протяжении 2–3 лет по 3–4 полуторамесячных курса кинезитерапии. У женщин были исследованы основные показатели коагулограммы и тромбодинамики, эхокардиограмма и гемодинамические функции. Результаты. У женщин с ГБ (ГБ-1) и особенно с АГ (ГБ-2) содержание ССL11 в крови было повышено, тогда как у больных ГБ-3 его концентрация приближалась к норме. У относительно здоровых женщин установлена положительная взаимосвязь между уровнем CCL11 и тромбиновым временем (ТВ). У больных ГБ-2 выявлены положительные взаимосвязи между концентрацией CCL11 и ТВ и отрицательные — с плотностью образуемого фибринового сгустка. У больных ГБ-3 найдены отрицательные связи между содержанием CCL11 и числом тромбоцитов, ТВ и скоростью образования фибринового сгустка. У больных ГБ-3 обнаружены отрицательные взаимосвязи между концентрацией CCL11, ударным объемом и индексом массы левого желудочка, а также основными гемодинамическими показателями. Аналогичные связи сохранялись в общей группе больных (ГБ-2 + ГБ-3), а также общей группе больных и здоровых. Заключение. Содержание «белка старости» хемокина CCL11 оказывает влияние на состояние гемостатического потенциала, сердечную деятельность и гемодинамические функции как у здоровых, так и у больных эссенциальной гипертонией. Aim: to study the relationship between the content of the «age protein» chemokine CCL11, hemostasis and cardiohemodynamic functions in women with essential hypertension. Materials and methods. We examined 118 women. The control group consisted of 30 relatively healthy women. Patients with essential hypertension (EH) were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (EH-1) included 16 women who had hypertension for the first time, so they did not take antihypertensive therapy. Group 2 (EH-2) consisted of 37 women with stage II of arterial hypertension (AH). Group 3 (EH-3) consisted of 35 women who regularly passed for 2–3 years for 3–4 of 1.5-month courses of kinesitherapy. The main parameters of coagulogram and thrombodynamics, echocardiogram and hemodynamic functions were studied. Results. Blood CCL11 content was increased in women with EH (EH-1) and especially with AH (EH-2), whereas in patients with EH-3 its concentration approached to normal. Positive relationship between CCL11 level and thrombin time (TT) was found in relatively healthy women. In EH-2 patients positive relationship was revealed between CCL11 concentration and TB and negative relationship between CCL11 concentration and density of the formed fi brin clot. In EH-3 patients negative relationshipsbetween CCL11 content and platelet count, TT and fi brin clot formation rate were found. Only EH-3 patients have negative relationships between CCL11 concentration, stroke volume and left ventricular mass index, as well as with basic hemodynamic parameters. Similar relationships maintained in the total group of patients (EH-2 + EH-3), as well as in total group of patients and healthy persons. Conclusion. Content of the «age protein» chemokine CCL11 aff ects the hemostatic potential, cardiac activity and hemodynamic functions both in healthy persons and in patients with essential hypertension.

Aim. To reveal the role of a “youth protein” GDF11 in regulation of lipid metabolism and cardiovascular system work in essential hypertension (EH) in women taking antihypertension medications and regularly involved in moderate physical exercises (kinesitherapy).Material and methods. In all participants, the level of GDF11 was measured by immune enzyme assay, and levels of lipids; registration was done of blood pressure, echocardiography and circulation condition with a novel sensor of dynamic light scattering (mDLS).Results. In women with AH taking antihypertension medications, the level of GDF11 was lower more than 3 times. In EH patients the deviations found, in a shear flow velocity with significant increase of rapid velocity processes. Correlations found for GDF11 level with the age, blood pressure, condition of the heart work, hemodynamical and oscillatory indexes. In the EH group patients regularly doing exercises (kinesitherapy), the level of GDF11, blood pressure, lipid profile and all parameters of heart work and hemodynamics are close to normal.Conclusion. The “youth protein” CDF11 is a factor of prevention of AH. Kinesitherapy in EH patients normalizes GDF11, lipid profile, and significantly increases the work of cardiovascular system.

Цель - изучение роли отдельных форменных элементов крови в развитии гемокоагуляционного потенциала у здоровых женщин и, больных гипертонической болезнью (ГБ). Методика. В исследовании приняли участие 102 женщины. Контрольную группу составили 30 относительно здоровых женщин. Больные ГБ были разделены на 2 подгруппы: в одну (ГБ-1) вошли 37 женщин с гипертонической болезнью II стадии, в другую (ГБ-2) - 35 женщин с ГБ II стадии, регулярно проходящих на протяжении 2-3 лет по 3-4 курса кинезитерапии. Определяли число тромбоцитов, активированное частичное тромбопластиновое время (АЧТВ), протромбиновое время (ПВ), тромбиновое время (ТВ), концентрацию фибриногена и пространственный рост фибринового сгустка, включающий время задержки роста сгустка, начальную и стационарную скорость его роста, плотность и размер сгустка. С помощью корреляционного анализа оценивалась роль отдельных форменных элементов крови в развитии гемокоагуляционного потенциала у здоровых и больных ГБ женщин. Результаты. У всех обследованных женщин обнаружено увеличение числа лимфоцитов и эозинофилов, возрастание предрасположенности к тромбообразованию, выявляемое с помощью оценки тромбодинамических свойств сгустка, возрастание скорости формирования и размеры фибринового сгустка. У женщин в группе ГБ-2 эти сдвиги выражены в меньшей степени. У здоровых женщин обнаружены прямые корреляции между числом моноцитов, АЧТВ и тромбиновым временем. и отрицательные - между числом лимфоцитов и АЧТВ. Число эозинофилов у здоровых женщин положительно коррелирует с протромбиновым временем и плотностью сгустка. В ГБ-1 отмечается негативная связь между числом нейтрофилов и скоростью образования сгустка, а также положительная связь между числом моноцитов, скоростью и размером сгустка и между числом базофилов и тромбиновым временем. У больных ГБ-2, принимавших кинезитерапию число эритроцитов отрицательно коррелирует с АЧТВ, количество тромбоцитов обнаруживает положительную корреляцию тромбиновым временем, скоростью и размерами сгустка, а общее число лейкоцитов - с протромбиновым временем и скоростью образования сгустка. Содержание нейтрофилов положительно коррелирует с протромбиновым временем и отрицательно со скоростью образования сгустка. Количество лимфоцитов и эозинофилов отрицательно коррелирует со скоростью образования сгустка, а базофилов - с уровнем фибриногена и скоростью появления сгустка. Заключение. В формировании гемокоагуляционного потенциала у здоровых женщин и больных ГБ ведущая роль принадлежит тромбоцитам и различным популяциям лейкоцитов. Обсуждается положительное влияние кинезитерапии. Aim. To study the role of different blood cells in the development of coagulation potential in healthy women and patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods. The study included 102 women. The control group consisted of 30 relatively healthy women. Patients with EH were divided into 2 subgroups: the first subgroup (EH-1) included 37 women with stage II arterial hypertension, the second subgroup (EH-2) - 35 women with stage II EH who received 3-4 courses of kinesitherapy for 2-3 years on a regular basis. The following values were determined: platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen concentration, and spatial fibrin clot growth, including the delay time of clot lengthening, initial and steady growth rate, and clot density and size. The role of different blood cells in the development of coagulation potential was evaluated in healthy and EH women using the correlation analysis. Results. All women had increased numbers of lymphocytes and eosinophils; showed a predisposition to thrombosis as was evident from thrombodynamic properties of the clot; and increased formation rate and size of the fibrin clot. These changes were less pronounced in the EH-2 group. In healthy women, a direct correlation was observed between the number of monocytes, APTT and the thrombin time. and a negative correlation - between the number of lymphocytes and APTT. In this group, the number of eosinophils positively correlated with the prothrombin time and the clot density. In the EH-1 group, the number of neutrophils inversely correlated with the rate of clot formation; the number of monocytes positively correlated with the clot formation rate and size; and the number of basophils positively correlated with the thrombin time. In EH-2 patients receiving kinesitherapy, the number of red cells inversely correlated with APTT; the number of platelets positively correlated with the thrombin time, the clot formation rate and size; and the total number of leukocytes positively correlated with the prothrombin time and the clot formation rate. The neutrophil count positively correlated with the prothrombin time and negatively - with the rate of clot formation. The number of lymphocytes and eosinophils negatively correlated with the rate of clot formation, and the number of basophils - with the fibrinogen level and the rate of clot emergence. Conclusion. Platelets and leukocyte populations play the main role in the formation of coagulation potential in healthy women and patients with EH. The beneficial effect of kinesitherapy is discussed.

Objective. To investigate the effect of the quantitative ratios of different types of white blood cells on the cardiovascular system in healthy individuals and patients with essential hypertension (EH). Materials and methods. The study was performed on 102 women suffering EH. The control group consisted of 30 healthy patients. Results. In women with EH, both non-engaged (EH-1) and regularly engaged in kinesitherapy (EH-2), compared with the control group, the total content of leukocytes was increased, as well as the ratios of NEUTR/EOS, LYM/EOS, LYM/BAS and EOS/BAS. In hypertensive patients increased stroke volume and end-diastolic left ventricular volume, cardiac output, increased mass and the index of left ventricular mass. In EH-1 patients group, the balance of velocity distribution in the microcirculatory bed changes to fast interlayer processes. In patients with EH-2, these changes are much less pronounced. In healthy women and patients with EH, significant relationships between leukocyte ratios and the level of systolic diastolic, mean, pulse pressure, cardiohemodynamics, hemodynamic indices were found. Conclusion. Regular practice of kinesitherapy brings the condition of cardiohemodynamics, hemodynamic indices, as well as the investigated correlations to the characteristic of healthy women. These data suggest an important role of the relationship of various leukocyte populations in the pathogenesis of EH.