The article considers application of complex immunoglobulin preparation in comprehensive treatment of acute obstructive bronchitis in children of infancy age with purpose to develop intestinal local immunity. The complex immunoglobulin preparation is a pharmaceutical for enteric application derived from donor blood. In contrast, with normal human immunoglobulin, the preparation includes immunoglobulines of three classes (50% IgG, 25% IgM, 25% IgA) and is characterized by increased content of antibodies to different pathogenic and opportunistic agents.

The evidence of weakening of T cells emigration from thymus to peripheral immune system in children with thymomegaly is presented. It means the thymopoiesis is reduced in children with thymomegaly. The thymic emigration was investigated by two methods: real time PCR (the TREC level was measured) and flow cytometry (the number of CD3 +CD4 +CD45RA +CD31 + cells was measured). It was shown that the number of TREC copies per 1000 lymphocytes is significantly decreased in children with thymomegaly till 10 years. The TREC level in children with thymomegaly till 2 years approximately fits to the normal level of 8 years old children at which functional thymic activity is reduced in comparison with smaller children. In parallel with TREC level decrease with age the percentage and absolute content of CD3 +CD4 +CD45RA +CD31 + cells in blood is also decreased. However the TREC reduce is more intensive than CD3 +CD4 +CD45RA +CD31 + cells number decrease. The investigation of CD3 +CD4 +CD45RA +CD31 + cells number in blood of 2-10 years children with thymomegaly and without it showed that the number of cells of this subpopulation in thymomegaly is not changed.

An original concept of differential diagnostics of various conditions, referred by practitioners as «frequently ill children», is shown in this article, which represents a literature review and the authors’ own data. The followed-up «frequently ill children» are referred as heterogeneous group of patients according to the high rate (20–40%) of atopic diseases (allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma) and variable frequency of primary immunodeficiency. The authors offered simple criteria for differential diagnostics and a scheme of history collection of frequently ill children, which contribute to timely diagnostics of allergic disorder or immunodeficiency. The article contains description of recurrent respiratory tract infections. The ontogenetic and constitutional prerequisites and mechanisms of development of recurrent respiratory infections in children are given in detail. Treatment and prophylactic measures are explained according to the group of frequently ill children and heterogeneity of recurrent respiratory infections causes.

This article is dedicated to the problem of interaction between the nervous, the endocrine and immune systems based on the literature review and the author's data. Meanwhile, thymus is considered to be not only from the viewpoint of performance of the immune system, but also as the endocrine glandular making neuroimmunoendocrine interactions possible. Tactivine being a polypeptide thymus medicine impacts not only on the immune system but also displays detoxicating, mnemotropic and stress-protecting effects.

The article presents main strategies of breast feeding of prematurely born infants support, such as use of Philips AVENT breast pumpfor lactation formation and feeding of the infant with native breast milk. Key words: premature infants, nursing mother, breast feeding support, modern accessories for breast feeding support. ( Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2011; 10 (6): 170–175)

Researches of antibodies of blood serum were conducted in 93 patients with respiratory tract infection. Level decrease IgA, IgM at children of early age is defined.