为探讨当地粮饲通用玉米(饲用)获得最高生物产量的不同施肥时期,以桂单166为试验材料,进行了秋季6个不同施肥时期的种植试验,对秋玉米主要经济性状、田间抗性、生物产量、鲜穗比例、经济效益等方面进行了研究,旨在为粮饲通用型玉米施肥时期提供理论依据.结果 表明:8叶、9叶、10叶、11叶、12叶、6叶:12叶(两次肥CK)生物产量分别为3549.4、3341.7、3397.4、3317.3、2848.1、3158.3 kg,以处理8叶生物产量最高,亩生物产量为3549.4 kg.

为探讨当地粮饲通用玉米获得最高生物产量的最佳合理密度,以桂单166为试验材料,采用田间小区试验,进行了秋季5个不同种植密度的种植试验,对秋玉米主要经济性状、品种综合性状、田间抗性、生物产量、鲜穗比例等方面进行了研究,旨在为粮饲通用型玉米合理密植提供理论依据.试验表明:在相同条件下种植密度4500株/亩处理产量最高,5500株/亩处理鲜穗比例最高.

以常规稻桂育7号、杂交稻特优玉3号、超级稻葛68优9938为参试材料,在广西宁明开展田间种植试验,考察上述3种不同类型水稻品种的秧苗素质,分蘖情况,叶龄、株高动态,不同生育期叶绿素含量及产量.试验表明,3个品种有效分蘖天数均在13天左右,功能叶叶绿素含量在分蘖期、孕穗期、抽穗期和灌浆期的动态均呈“降—升—降”趋势,抽穗期达到最高.

文章介绍了开展双季杂交稻不同机插植规格对比试验研究情况.分析了不同机插植规格对于双季杂交稻不同品种的生育进程的影响,提出了在广西地区应大力示范推广行距25cm×株距16cm的机插规格.

广西在推进水稻生产全程机械化过程中,由于受到环境条件先天不足、生产经营规模小、社会化服务不够健全、农机农艺融合不够紧密、基层农机化公共服务能力较弱等因素制约,导致水稻生产全程机械化发展较慢,与全国水稻生产机械化水平有较大差距.到2014年底,广西水稻耕种收综合机械化水平为67.32％,比全国平均74％低约7个百分点,其中机插秧水平比全国平均水平低约17个百分点.机插水平较低,成为水稻生产机械化作业关键环节的突出短板,制约着广西水稻生产全程机械化的发展.

【Objective】 The strategies for promoting the development of potato industry in Guangxi were proposed based on looking into its current status,existing problems and future prospects.【Method】 Through consulting literature,on-spot survey and discussion with enterprise representatives,the view of current status,existing problems and developing potential of potato industry in Guangxi were analyzed from the point of potato production,consumption,processing and trade,the relative strategies to promote the development of potato industry in Guangxi was finally put forward.【Result】 Potato industry in Guangxi enjoyed more area,better distribution,higher cultivation and industrialization level as well as unique climate,season,region and resource advantages,but such problems as insufficient supply of superior virus-free potato varieties,poor infrastructure facilities,lagged technological innovation and backward industrialization still existed.【Conclusion】 To promote the sound and rapid development of potato industry in Guangxi,efforts must be doubled in the fronts of industry distribution,sci-tech support system,industrialization business,field infrastructure and market service system.

In order to know about the applying benefits,growth and development law,and matching cultivation technology for no-tillage super rice,the comparison experiments for no-tillage super rice varieties,super rice and normal rice varieties under no-tillage condition,different cultivated densities and nitrogen application levels for super rice under no-tillage condition were conducted in 13 counties(city or district) including Yongfu,Tiandong,Yuzhou District,etc,in Guangxi in 2006-2008.The results showed that the no-tillage super rice had high and strong plants,strong resistance to loading,large of total spikelets,large panicle and many grains,higher seed setting rate and yield,and the yield increased by 7.2%-10.8% compared to conventional tillage cultivation.The highest yield of no-tillage super rice could reach 12361.5kg/hm2,and the average yield of six 100-mu demonstrations for no-tillage super rice reached 10746.0kg/hm2.The increased yield of no-tillage super rice was over 1500 kg/hm2 compared to normal rice in plot experiments,and increased by over 20%.Moreover,the yield of no-tillage super rice would reach the highest when the planted density of early rice and late rice was from 270 thousand to 300 thousand plants per hectare,and 330 thousand plants per hectare,respectively.When the application of nitrogen was 180-210 kg/hm2,the effects of saving cost and improving income would be the best.

近年来,广西冬季马铃薯生产发展迅速,但灾害性天气发生频繁,严重影响了产业的发展和效益。本文分析了灾害性天气对广西冬季马铃薯生产的主要影响,提出广西马铃薯产业的一些发展思路和发展对策。

稻草隔层免耕抛秧即在收割早稻时将稻草散铺于田面,再进行免耕抛秧。该方法抛后立苗稍慢,前期苗数增加较慢,但无效分蘖少,成穗率高,可增加有效穗数、每穗粒数和结实率,进而提高产量,比非稻草隔层免耕抛秧增产2.76%,比常耕抛秧增产7.82%,对生育期没有明显影响。

免耕抛秧晚稻适当增施氮肥,前期有利于促进秧苗早生快发,增加有效穗数,后期能延长叶片寿命和光合时间,利于获得高产,但若施氮过量,植株贪青,反而减产。每公顷适宜施氮量为纯氮172.5 kg。

根据2003年晚造在阳朔白沙镇观桥村的对比试验,低割禾桩有利于减少再生稻的发生,增加产量。早稻平泥收割(留桩高度0~2 cm)处理,再生蔸率为4.67%,比早稻留桩高度25~30 cm处理再生蔸率18.67%减少14.00个百分点;平均产量6 534kg/hm2,比留桩高度25~30 cm处理增产454.5 kg/hm2,增长7.48%。

Nitrogen levels of 127.5,150.0,172.5 and 193.0 kg/hm~2 were designed in notillage(NT) cast transplanting rice and conventional tillage(CT) rice in this experiment to compare the population quality and yield.The results showed that as the nitrogen application increasing in both NT and CT,only seed set decreased,while the panicles,dry matter accumulation before and after heading,total dry mater accumulation,apparent transportation amounts and ratio of dry matter in stems and leaves,plant height,dry matter per stem,spike-leaf ratio,root activity and yield increased.The level of 193.0 kg/hm~2 nitrogen gained significant higher grain yield than that of 127.5 kg/hm~2 nitrogen.Comparing with NT,the CT obtained more panicles and greater spike-leaf ratios,but lower of total dry mater accumulation,apparent transportation amounts and ratios of dry matte in stems and leaves,plant height,dry matter per stem,root activity and bleeding potential in neck of panicle.Suggesting that population quality of cast transplanting rice under no-tillage is a little better than that under conventional tillage.Yield were not significant different between NT and CT.

2002—2003年在广西田东县、河池市金城江区、百色市右江区、钟山县、上思县进行了免耕稻田杂草防效试验,其结果:农民乐747除草剂的施用量早稻以2 250~3 000 g/hm2、晚稻以3 000~3 750 g/hm2效果较好;农民乐747、10%草甘膦、克无踪3种除草剂处理免耕稻田杂草效果差异不大,产量没有明显的差别;喷施农民乐747后第2天回水,当天抛秧、泡田2 d抛秧、泡田4 d抛秧,这3个处理的杀灭杂草效果以及产量效应均没有显著差异,可在生产上因地制宜使用不同的方式。

试验结果表明,在磷钾肥施用量相同情况下,适当增加氮肥施用量有利于免耕抛秧稻早生快发,早够苗,增加粒数和有效穗以及总颖花量,提高产量。每公顷施纯氮180.0~202.5 kg有利于免耕抛秧稻高产稳产。

水稻免耕抛秧栽培的关键技术在于除草灭茬。采用农民乐747、草甘膦、克无踪等3种除草剂进行2年4造田间试验结果表明,不论早、晚稻,农民乐747和草甘膦药效均较稳定,除草灭茬较彻底,比常耕增产8.0%~9.5%,每公顷增收节支450~900元,适合本区推广应用。克无踪在同等条件下使用,除草灭茬效果不理想,不宜在免耕稻田上单独使用。

早季在田间用管栽试验对免耕水稻和常耕水稻的若干生理特性进行了比较。证实了免耕水稻前期特别是抛栽后的禾苗生长慢的现象,免耕水稻在生育中后期表现出较强的生理优势。与常耕抛栽水稻相比,生育前期免耕抛栽水稻的游离氨基酸、酸性和中性转化酶活性及光合速率较小,生育中后期则提高了叶片游离氨基酸、光合速率和叶绿素含量及硝酸还原酶、酸性和中性转化酶及茎鞘可溶性糖、淀粉含量和籽粒可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,而在成熟期的叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、酸性和中性转化酶活性、硝酸还原酶和籽粒可溶性蛋白含量与常耕水稻的差异显著。

对连续免耕抛秧的稻田进行跟踪测定其理化性状,结果表明:免耕抛秧稻田的理化性状得到改善,耕层土壤有机质含量、全氮、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾以及土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度均有不同程度提高。同时,随着免耕年限的延长,其中有机质含量、全氮、速效磷的增幅加大,而速效氮、速效钾的增幅减小。

早季在田间用管栽试验对免耕水稻和常耕水稻的分蘖发生、成穗和结实特性进行了比较。结果表明,免耕水稻分蘖发生和成穗数分别比常耕水稻多8.12%和6.40%,分蘖优势明显。免耕水稻的分蘖优势主要表现在低位优势,其3~5节位分蘖发生数、分蘖成穗数及籽粒产量均比常耕水稻的高,其3~5节位单株一次分蘖发生数、成穗数及籽粒产量的增加量分别占全部节位单株一次分蘖数、成穗数及籽粒产量的增加量的75.00%,155.56%和146.91%。

试验结果表明,稻草还田免耕抛秧稻田养鱼生态技术,具有明显的生物除草、灭虫、防病、降低水稻发病率的作用,可以减少农药与化肥的施用量,改善稻田土壤理化性状,是一项理想的生态环保型农业生产技术。免耕稻田养鱼可提高水稻有效穗数、穗总粒数、穗实粒数、结实率,进而提高水稻产量,可增产6%~12%。同时,还可以多收鲜鱼600~750 kg/hm2,可增值4 500~9 000元/hm2。综合本试验各放养鱼模式,免耕稻田养鱼每公顷平均产值19 969.8元/hm2,纯收入10 771.05元/hm2,比对照增加5 986.8元/hm2,增长125.14%。

探讨了乌泥坡模式免用除草剂免耕抛秧技术(简称双免法).该技术是通过低割稻桩、深水泡田除草,而不施用化学除草剂的环保型水稻免耕抛秧技术.双免法具有生态环保、省工节本、简便易行、高产高效等特点.经过3 a的试验,该技术能较好地防除前季稻茬再生苗、落粒谷苗和杂草,比使用化学除草剂免耕模式更简便节本增效.