Intellectual activities conducted at an early age play an important role in the formation of a well-rounded personality in modern society. Games, including chess, are an extremely effective way to engage in such activities. The paper proves the equivalence of the engineering approach and the principles of quality management in the education of children of preschool and primary school age. As an example, an organization that teaches children to play chess has been chosen. The findings allow other similar organizations of additional education to effectively build their short-term and long-term work to increase the competitiveness of both the educational organization and the students who have completed their training. The study employed a qualitative methodology of educational engineering based on the application of quality management system principles. Additionally, along with this, the following tools for management, analysis, and quality engineering were used: SWOT analysis, methods for describing business processes, and statistical quality management tools. Furthermore, to enhance the motivation of learners and their parents for systematic studies and to further digitalize the educational process, a startup project based on the use of artificial intelligence has been described.

The issue of shrinkage deformationsDeformation is inherent in a wide range of building materials, the basis of which is cement stoneCement stone. Shrinkage can cause significant internal stresses in cement stoneCement stone, which is the cause of formation of characteristic shrinkage cracks and subsequent failure of materials and goods. The objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the influence of a complex expanding additive consisting of alumina cement and natural gypsum on the deformationDeformation processes of materials on cement binders. The resultsResult of the study are presented in the form of dependencies, which demonstrate that a significant influence on the expansion value is exerted by the composition of the expanding additive, which is characterized by the content of sulphur oxide and aluminium oxide. The obtained functional dependences of composition deformations on the content of sulphur oxide in the presence of polymerAdditive additives allow for the prediction and control of expansion deformationsDeformation in polymer cement compositions for cement building materials considering the influence of various modifying additives.

The present work investigates the strength properties of modified cement stone and polymer-cement compositions made from it. The control of the strength properties is achieved by recipe regulation of the mineral component of the multi-component binder. This makes it possible to significantly increase not only the strength of the materials, based on them, but also their reliability and durability. Dependencies, describing the influence of complex polymer additive consisting of superplasticiser, stabiliser and redispersible polymer powder on the strength of cement stone were obtained; coefficients reflecting the influence of polymers on the strength of cement stone were determined; functions of coefficient values depending on the dosage of additives were obtained. Based on the data obtained, a mathematical model of the strength properties of cement stone under the influence of complex additives was created. The developed multiplicative model for evaluating the influence of modifiers on the properties of polymer-cement composites allows to determine and predict the strength properties of polymer-cement composites to design composites with predetermined constructional properties.

This article is devoted to the further development of a viable technology for low-temperature cryopreservation of reproductive cells of sturgeon fish using acoustic–mechanical fields and intelligent control of the freezing process. Before vitrification begins, the piezoactuator acts on a mixture of cryoprotectant and reproductive cells. This promotes intensive mixing of the cryoprotector and its diffusion through the cell membrane. When vitrification is carried out directly, a phase transition phenomenon is observed, accompanied by crystal formation. This article presents a new mathematical model describing this process as developed by the authors. The corresponding boundary conditions are formulated. Numerical experiments were carried out using the finite element method. It has been established that during vitrification without the use of a cryoprotectant, a sharp temperature jump is observed at the front of the crystalline formation boundary. The use of a cryoprotectant leads to a slowdown in the process of crystal formation, that is, to a weakening of the effect of one of the most important cryoprotective factors. The comparison with full-scale experiments showed qualitative agreement with the experimental results, which indicates the adequacy of the proposed model. The results obtained can be used in the future during the vitrification process and the evaluation of the quality of cryofreezing. The application of a new methodological approach to methods of long-term preservation at low temperatures of the genetic and reproductive material of hydrobionts using acoustic and mechanical effects and an intelligent control module opens up great opportunities for the creation of new cost-effective biotechnologies that make it possible to make the transition to a new type of aquatic farms, increase the stability of aquaculture, in general, to make environmental protection measures to save rare and endangered species more effective.

This study focuses on the advancement of new techniques for cryopreservation of reproductive cells at low temperatures, including sturgeon fish. The approach is based on smart freezing process control. To ensure cryoprotectant and reproductive cells are not damaged prior to vitrification, a piezoactuator is used to stir the mixture. This technique facilitates the intensive mixing of cryoprotectant, promoting the diffusion of the substance through the cell membrane. During direct vitrification, researchers observe a phase transition phenomenon in the presence of crystal formation. This study constructs a mathematical model to investigate this process while comparing numerical experiments to in situ experiments. The results obtained have implications for selecting optimal parameters required for the low-temperature preservation of fish reproductive cells.

The paper investigates the technological process of picking up the windrow of grain crops by the moving pick-up with belt conveyor. Mathematical modeling of the windrow shape, which it acquires during its pick-up by a mounted pick-up, is presented. Equations of the windrow motion are obtained in a moving coordinate system associated with the pick-up, which moves in a straight line at a constant speed. By integrating these equations, a new mathematical model of grain windrow during its pick-up by a mounted pick-up is presented. The shape of the windrow, when it is picked up, was theoretically substantiated. The interval of variation of the speed of the windrow pick-up movement has been specified, which makes it possible to ensure the optimal implementation of the technological process of picking up the windrow. The influence of the following parameters on the loss of wheat grain was analyzed: crop moisture content and the windrow pick-up speed mode. The specific values of the moisture content of the harvested crop and the speed of the pick-up movement are determined, at which the maximum and minimum grain losses occur.

To preserve reproductive cells of rare and endangered species of sturgeon fish using low-temperature cryopreservation methods, acoustic-mechanical impact with the use of piezoactuators was used. As a result of the research, the optimum parameters of signal frequency and time of impact on sturgeon cells were established, at which a high survival rate of sperm after defrosting was observed.Using mathematical modelling, the mechanism of acoustic-mechanical influence was studied, which consists in the wave and mechanical action created by the piezoactuator, which leads to acceleration of the process of diffusion of the cryoprotector inside the cells.For the first time a new methodological approach to low-temperature preservation of fish reproductive cells with the use of acoustic-mechanical impact has been proposed, which makes it possible to preserve genetic material with high survival rate and quality indicators.

The work is devoted to the further development of a viable technology for intelligent control of the freezing process during low-temperature preservation of fish reproductive cells, in particular sturgeon. For this purpose, mathematical modeling of acoustic-mechanical impact on biological objects has been performed. Within the framework of continuum mechanics the main boundary problems have been formulated.

In order to further develop and improve the university program for the training of mechanical engineers, the paper considers the fundamental changes in the curriculum for the training of bachelors in the program "Applied Mechanics", profile "Software Systems of Computer Engineering". For the training of specialists in the environment of the T-university, a new major developed for this educational program is described.

In the present work the possibility of controlling the development of eigenstrains of polymer-cement compositionsPolymer-cement compositions is considered. Such control is achieved by means of formulation regulation of mineral component of multicomponent binder. In future, it will allow one to increase essentially reliability and durability of materials on their basis. The dependences describing the influence of a complex polymeric additive consisting of a superplasticizerSuperplasticizer, a stabilizer and a re-dispersible polymeric powder (RDPPRe-dispersible polymer powder (RDPP)) on the development of deformationsDeformation of the cement stoneCement stone have been obtained. Coefficients, reflecting the effect of polymers on the shrinkage of cement stoneCement stone, have been proposed and functions of coefficient values depending on the dosage of additives have been obtained. A multiplicative modelMultiplicative model of assessing the impact of modifiers on the properties of polymer-cement compositionPolymer-cement compositions has been developed, with the help of which it is possible to regulate the development of deformationsDeformation. On the basis of the received data the mathematical model of this process has been created.

In order to develop a new technology for low-temperature preservation of fish reproductive cellsReproductive cell, and sturgeon fishSturgeon fish in particular, mathematical modelingModeling of acoustic impact on biological objects has been performed. A mathematical model of cryoprotectantCryoprotectant diffusionDiffusion through the reproductive cellReproductive cell membrane is constructed. It is assumed that a special piezoactuatorPiezoactuator creates an acoustic field in the cryoprotectantCryoprotectant. By virtue of this, the corresponding velocity field of the environment is assumed to be set. The resulting boundary-value problem is solved numerically using the finite element methodFinite element method (FEM).

In order to further improve the teaching process, the paper describes the experiences of the project "Calculation of Structures" developed at the Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the DSTU. The learning objectives of the project achieved as a result of its implementation are given. The main stages of its implementation are described. Some reasons that cause difficulties for students are revealed. Ways of eliminating them are outlined.

In order to develop a new technology for low-temperature preservation of fish reproductive cells, and sturgeon fish in particular, mathematical modeling of acoustic impact on biological objects has been performed. A mathematical model of cryoprotectant diffusion through the reproductive cell membrane is constructed. It is assumed that a special piezoactuator creates an acoustic field in the cryoprotectant. By virtue of this, the corresponding velocity field of the environment is assumed to be set. The resulting boundary value problem is solved numerically using the finite element method.

Mathematical modeling was used to describe the use of piezo actuators in low-temperature preservation of sturgeon reproductive cells with intelligent control of the freezing process. Fish reproductive cells were exposed to an acoustic field at the equilibration stage after being placed in a cryoprotective medium. A mathematical model was constructed for the piezo actuator that creates the acoustic field, and numerical experiments were performed by a finite element analysis. The resonance and antiresonance frequencies and the electromechanical coupling coefficient were thus determined; velocity distributions were analyzed in the volume occupied by the suspension; and optimal characteristics were found for the piezo actuator that creates the acoustic field.

An effective way to prevent shrinkage deformation in concrete structures is the use of expanding additives. In this regard, the theoretical substantiation and the results of the authors’ experimental studies of the use of such additives are presented in the paper. The structure and properties of the contact zone between cement stone and aggregate in concretes with expansive additives have been studied in detail. The influence of expanding additives on the state and properties of the contact zone of cement-sand matrix with various types of aggregates has been studied. Several different types of aggregates, differing in their degree of density, have been considered. The analysis is performed and it is shown that the structure of the contact zone is very heterogeneous. However, the introduction of an expanding additive of the sulfoalluminate type contributes to a significant increase (several times) in the strength and homogeneity of the contact zone both at the boundary with porous and at the boundary with dense aggregate. It is noted that the application of the expanding additive in concretes on the combined aggregate provides the maximum effect.

Topological optimization of the Voron 2.4 printer bracket is performed. The objective function is to reduce the volume of material used. The limitation is the requirement not to degrade the strength characteristics. To do this, two stress distribution calculations were performed in the Autodesk Fusion 360 software complex - before and after topological optimization. Results compared.

Results of modeling and experimental studies on determination of parameters of reliability and durability of reinforced concrete structures are presented. Studies were carried out in relation to beam-type structures. Experiments were carried out using vibrodynamic test methods. The calculation and processing of the results of vibration diagnostics were carried out using the software complex of finite-element analysis ANSYS, as well as using the methods of mathematical statistics and correlation analysis. As a result, the relationship between the parameters of the natural oscillation frequencies of the material and its strength (concrete class) is established. The obtained dependencies can be used in the development of methods for assessing the bearing capacity of structures of various objects of the energy complex.

Power transmission lines (PTL) are strategic objects, the reliability of which depends on the life support of the country. Most of the currently operated power transmission lines were put into operation in the twentieth century, and by now there is a problem of assessing their technical condition, repairing them, if necessary, and maintaining them in a working condition. Defects that appear during the operation of reinforced concrete elements of power transmission lines have different localization and degree of manifestation, but typical is the destruction of the surface layer of concrete with exposure of rebar, more often at the base of the power transmission line. The aim of the work is to select the optimal composition of the repair mixture based on non-shrinking and expanding cements, ensuring reliable adhesion of the repair compounds to the concrete of the structure, which will restore the bearing and operational characteristics in the repaired reinforced concrete elements of the power transmission line at the design level.

This article examines the static and dynamic deformation of the stem of an ear of wheat and of the individual grain. The purpose of the article is to determine the factors of influence on the ear of wheat to isolate the grain. Two stages of grain ripening are considered: in the early stage, the grain is attached to the spike by the stem; in the second, there is no stem, and the grain is attached to the ear by the scales. The ear fluctuations are considered within the Euler–Bernoulli bar theory. The developed model divides the study of the dynamics of the stem of an ear and the dynamics of the grain into two stages. The first stage studies the dynamics of the plant as a whole, while the second stage studies the dynamics of an individual grain in a moving system associated with the ear in bending and vertical fluctuation forms. The model of the ear and the grain fluctuation uses the mechanical characteristics of elastic bonds and elastic bodies, which are determined by spring stiffness, elastic moduli, etc. The results show that in the vertical forms of grain fluctuation, the frequency of fluctuation is much higher than in the bending ones. This article presents the natural fluctuation frequencies of grain at full ripeness and in the early phases of maturation, at which point it is released from the ear.

Article is devoted to the problem of modernization of engineering education in modern economic conditions. This is necessary to provide qualified personnel for the construction industry. The authors considered innovative approaches to the organization of the educational process. They are based on interdisciplinary links of training of engineering and construction contingent in technical universities. And also on the introduction of digitalization in the teaching of disciplines of a natural science profile. We discussed the combination of traditional forms of training with production activities at existing enterprises of the industry. The work justified the relevance of modernization of engineering education, analysed factors that justify its need and ways to achieve the objectives. Studies have been carried out to assess the effectiveness of combining educational processes at the university with production activities at existing enterprises in Rostov-on-Don. To combine training and production processes in the training of qualified civil engineering personnel the structural division of the enterprise was allocated -the construction laboratory. The laboratory fully meets the tasks set by functional characteristics. Special working conditions of factory laboratories at small and medium-sized enterprises were noted. This is due to the difficult modern economic conditions. The main requirements for the personnel composition of factory laboratories of the new formation have been determined. These include depth and versatility of knowledge, non-standard thinking, flexibility in decision-making, interchangeability, readiness to improve knowledge and professional skills. The practical results of the experience of four years of combining innovative modernization of the training process of civil engineering personnel with production activities are presented. At the existing enterprises of the construction industry in Rostov-on-Don. The results confirm the high effectiveness of the proposed events.