Mesoporous organosilicon hollow nanospheres(MONs)were synthesized through a one-step growth-induced etching method,and then uricase was successfully immobilized onto MONs,forming MONs-uircase.Comprehensive characterizations of MONs and MONs-uricase were performed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),infrared spectroscopy,N2 adsorption-desorption measurements,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The results indicated that uricase was successfully immobilized within the mesoporous structure of MONs,with an immobilization efficiency exceeding 90%.MONs possessed excellent adsorp-tion properties due to their mesoporous channels and hollow structures.Compared to free uricase,MONs-uricase exhibited enhanced thermal and pH stability.In the detection of serum uric acid(UA),MONs-uricase demonstrated a good linear relationship within the UA concentration range of 0.01-1.00 mg/mL,along with high specificity.MONs-uricase could be readily recovered through centrifugation,and the recovered MONs-uricase maintained high enzymatic activity after multiple cycles of use,retaining 50%enzymatic activity even after 20 cycles,indicating its excellent reusability.MONs offered promising application prospects in the immobilization and recycling of biological enzymes.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is currently one of the most serious public health concerns in the world. However, the best approach to treat AD has yet to be discovered, implying that we must continue to work hard to find new AD target genes. In this study, we further analysed Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data and discovered that the expression of the Mitochondria glutamate carrier SLC25A18 is associated with AD by screening the differentially expressed genes in different regions of the brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients. To verify the expression of SLC25A18 during Alzheimer’s disease development, we analysed animal models (5×FAD transgenic AD animal model, chemically induced AD animal model, natural ageing animal model), and the results showed that the expression of SLC25A18 was increased in animal models of AD. Further investigation of the different regions found that SLC25A18 expression was elevated in the EC, TeA, and CA3, and expressed in neurons. Next, We found that Aβ42 treatment elevated SLC25A18 expression in Neuro 2A cells. Reducing SLC25A18 expression attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis caused by Aβ42. Overexpression of SLC25A18 increased ATP and intracellular superoxide anions but decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. The results indicate that SLC25A18 affects mitochondrial function and neuronal apoptosis, and is related to AD, which makes it a potential target for treating brain dysfunction.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the pooled prevalence of cognitive frailty among community-dwelling older adults and provide evidence-based support for policy makers planning health and social care policies. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from their inception to December 10, 2020. Descriptive studies (cross-sectional studies or population-based longitudinal studies) and cohort studies were available. Participants were community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the quality of the included studies. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 15.0. Results: We screened 2815 records, among which 24 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of cognitive frailty was 9% (95% CI: 8%-11%, I 2 = 99.3%). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of cognitive frailty was 11% (95% CI: 9%-14%) in men and 15% (95% CI: 11%-19%) in women. The pooled prevalence of cognitive frailty based on the descriptive studies and cohort studies was 7% (95% CI: 5%-9%) and 17% (95% CI: 11%-22%), respectively. The pooled estimates of cognitive frailty prevalence were 6% (95% CI: 4%-8%) from 2012 to 2017 and 11% (95% CI: 9%-14%) from 2018 to 2020. Conclusions: This systematic review analyzed the available literature and revealed that the pooled prevalence of cognitive frailty among community-dwelling older adults was 9%. The stratified analysis showed that the prevalence of cognitive frailty was higher in older women. In addition, the prevalence has increased in recent years, which has important implications for adapting health and social care systems. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abstract Background: According to research, the neurotoxicity caused by the accumulation of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is closely related to Alzheimer's disease. However, even after 50 years of research, little is known about the relationship between glutamate-related carriers and Alzheimer's disease, and it is unclear whether glutamate metabolism target genes are involved in the occurrence and development of AD.As a result, the goal of our investigations was to identify glutamate metabolism target genes involved in the onset and progression of AD, as well as to validate and mine the relationship between them. Results: In this paper, we analysed the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data further and discovered that the expression of glutamate carrier SLC25A18 is correlated with Alzheimer's disease by screening the differential genes in different regions of the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients. To verify the expression of SLC25A18 during Alzheimer's disease development, we created animal models (5×FAD transgenic AD animal model, chemically induced AD animal model, natural ageing animal model), and the results showed that the expression of SLC25A18 increased when Alzheimer's disease occurred in various animal models. After that, we checked the expression of SLC25A18 in Aβ1-42-induced Neuro 2A cells, and the results revealed that neurons had higher SLC25A18 expression after Aβ1-42 induction. Conclusions: The results indicate that SLC25A18 is related to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease and that it could be a target for treatment.

氯毒素是一种从以色列沙漠蝎的毒液中分离出来的多肽,它具有稳定和紧凑的三级结构,可以抑制胶质瘤细胞的增殖、转移和侵袭,并且可作为靶向剂结合显影剂和药物等用于胶质瘤细胞的治疗.本文就对氯毒素在脑胶质瘤治疗中的研究和应用进展方面作一综述.

Background: To delay the decline in cognition and reduce the incidence of dementia, the precise detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is necessary. The application of Virtual Reality (VR) technology in this detection can overcome the shortage of traditional paper-and-pencil tests. Objective: This review aimed to summarize the research progress of the detection of MCI using VR. Methods: Eight databases from their inception to November 19, 2019, were systematically searched for studies applying VR in the detection of MCI. A thematic analysis was conducted according to the specific detection purpose and the main corresponding cognitive domains assessed were summarized; characteristics of the VR applications were also summarized. Results: Twenty-eight studies were finally included. The detection purposes included discrimination between healthy controls and those with MCI, discrimination between aMCI subtypes, detection of MCI patients at risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), and discrimination between MCI and AD. VR tasks assessing spatial memory were applicable for all detection purposes, and the assessment of combinations of memory and executive function seemed more sensitive. Executive function and intentional episodic memory could be assessed to discriminate among healthy controls, individuals with MCI and those with AD. Incidental episodic memory was effective in detecting MCI with hippocampal atrophy. The most common characteristics of the VR applications were the use of semi-immersion, joysticks or gamepad interactions and simple, one-time behavioral assessments. Conclusion: VR applications are promising in the detection of MCI, but further research is needed for clinical use.

Dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) were synthesized with triethylamine as template and modified with 3-aminopropyl triethoxylsilane (APTES). Glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized by a Amino dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs-NH2). The immobilized glucose oxidase (DMSNs-NH2-GOD) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption apparatus and thermogravimetry. The activity and protein loading of immobilized glucose oxidase were determined. The results showed that the diameter of immobilized GOD was about 200 nm, the shape was uniform, and immobilized GOD was dispersed as spherical particles. Under the optimal fixation conditions, the protein loading reached 225 mg/g and the enzyme activity reached 215 U/mg. The minimum detection limit for glucose detection by immobilized GOD is 0. 0014 mg/mL. Immobilized GOD was used to detect glucose in serum and beverage, which could be reused for more than 36 times, with the relative enzyme activity remaining 80%. The method is easy to operate and accurate. In the same time, it improves the pH stability, thermal stability, reusability of the enzyme and reduces the cost.

恶性胶质瘤细胞转移侵袭能力强,严重地限制了治疗,是威胁人类健康的一大杀手.胶质瘤细胞高表达NKCC1、KCa3.1、ClC-3、AQPs,有助于其容积变化从而穿过狭窄空间进行转移,因此,这些转运体和离子通道成为可能的治疗靶点.本文就离子通道和转运体在胶质瘤转移中的作用作一综述.

为了实现"知识、能力、素质"三位一体的教育目标,吉林医药学院启动了临床医学教育综合改革,在基础医学阶段开设以器官、系统为中心的整合课程.基础医学课程整合,部分系统教学内容还没开始授课,这使得理论性和实践性都比较强的酸碱紊乱教学更是难上加难. 为了便于学生理解呼吸系统课程的相关知识点,将酸碱紊乱的内容整合到呼吸系统课程中. 为了提高酸碱紊乱的教学效果,课程组对教学方法、教学过程、教学环节等精心设计,重新构建了酸碱紊乱"五步法"教学模式,并在临床医学专业教改班进行了尝试.

To compare the efficacy of different types of exercises on global cognition in adults with mild cognitive impairment. We systematically searched six databases from their inception to December 14, 2018, for randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of exercise on global cognition in adults with mild cognitive impairment. For the included studies, the mean changes in global cognition from baseline to endpoint were analyzed. A random-effects model was used to conduct pairwise meta-analyses to directly examine the efficacy of different types of exercises. The consistency model was used to conduct a network meta-analysis to evaluate the relative efficacy and rank probability of different types of exercises. Pairwise meta-analyses suggested that there was no significant heterogeneity in the exercises. Aerobic exercises (n = 5), resistance exercises (n = 4), and mind–body exercises (n = 7) all had significant benefits compared to the control. Exergame showed a positive trend for higher efficacy than control (n = 1) and mind–body exercise (n = 1). The results of the network meta-analysis indicated that the four exercise types all had significant benefits compared to the control, and resistance exercises outperformed mind–body exercises. Resistance exercises were most likely to be ranked 1, followed by exergames, aerobic exercises, and mind–body exercises. High-intensity and frequent resistance exercises may be the most effective exercise type to improve global cognition in adults with mild cognitive impairment. More multi-arm designs and randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of exergames are needed.

目的 建立能够模拟人2型糖尿病心肌病的大鼠模型.方法 24只SD大鼠,随机分为对照组12只,模型组12只.模型组大鼠高糖高脂饲料喂养10周,分别在第4、8周末腹腔注射链脲佐菌素20 mg/kg.对照组大鼠普通饲料喂养10周,分别在第4、8周末腹腔注射等量的生理盐水.于实验的第10周末检测各组大鼠的糖化血红蛋白(GHb),空腹血糖(FBG)和血脂等血液生化指标.剖杀大鼠,组织切片,H-E染色观察大鼠心肌的形态学改变.结果 模型组大鼠GHb和FBG明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与对照组大鼠比较,模型组大鼠总胆固醇、三酰甘油和低密度脂蛋白升高;而高密度脂蛋白降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).H-E染色,模型组大鼠心肌细胞紊乱排列,细胞肥大,水样变性,形态杂乱扭曲.结论 高糖高脂喂食,链脲佐菌素小剂量多次腹腔注射,能够建立类似于人类的高血糖、高血脂症状的糖尿病心肌病大鼠模型.

目的 观察高温环境对清醒非束缚大鼠血液动力学的影响并探讨其机制.方法 选择清洁级SD雄性大鼠30只,随机分为正常对照组和模型组,每组15只,分别暴露于24℃室内和42℃热舱中50 min,在清醒非束缚状态下采用植入式生理信号遥测系统监测体核温度(Tc)、平均动脉压(MAP)、动脉收缩压(SAP)、动脉舒张压(DAP)、心率(HR),以及各组大鼠血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CR)水平,并观察心组织病理改变.结果 模型组大鼠人舱10～30 min时,Tc、MAP、SAP、DAP、HR均明显高于正常对照组,30 min达到最高值,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).模型组大鼠入舱35、40 min时各指标仍高于正常对照组,但45、50 min时除Tc继续升高外,MAP、SAP、DAP、HR均低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).模型组大鼠血清AST、ALT、ALP、LDH、CK、BUN、CR水平明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 高温环境引起大鼠血液动力学急剧改变,可能与高温环境导致循环系统功能障碍和多器官衰竭有关.

生理学是医学院校一门重要的医学基础课程,对临床医学专业的学生更为重要.生理学是临床医学专业重要的专业基础课,是联系正常形态结构与疾病病理间的桥梁学科,同时也关系到医学生日后能否成为一名合格的医生.作为临床医学专业的学生,在以后的临床实践中如何更好地诠释疾病,生理学课程的学习尤为重要.

为使临床医学定向生成为具有自主学习能力的全科医用型人才,文章就生理学教学制定出以微课教学模式为主体的培养方案,从知识点分解、微课制作、微课教学模式实施、教学效果的评价与比较和学生满意度调查等方面进行探讨和研究,从而发现应用微课,采取“线上”“线下”混合教学模式有利于学生自主学习能力的提高.

随着量子点相关技术的不断完善,量子点在生物医学领域中的应用也日渐突出.本文介绍了量子点的光学特性及其作为生物标记物的优点,重点讨论了量子点在肿瘤相关研究中的应用,并提出了量子点的发展所面临的挑战.

Objective:To study the effect of astragaloside on the oxygen radical metabolism and(DN)the expression of transforming grow th factorβ1(TGF-β1)mRNA in the rats with STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy(DN),and to clarify its related mechanism.Methods:60 Wistar rats were divided into control group,model group,irbesartan group,low dose(0.75 mg · kg · d~(-1)) of astragaloside group, middle dose(1.50mg·kg·d~(-1))of astragaloside group and high dose(3.00mg·kg·d~(-1))of astragaloside group(n=10).Except control group,the rats in other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 60mg·kg·d~(-1) STZ to induce DN models.8 weeks later,the levels of serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),fasting blood glucose,and 24 hurinary protein of the rats in various groups were detected.The SOD and GSH-Px activities and MDA levels in kidney tissue of the rats in various groups were measured;the expression levels of CAT and TGF-β1mRNA in kidney tissue were determined by RT-PCT.Results:Compared with model group,the kidney function of the DN rats in middle and high doses of astragaloside groups was improved;the serum Scr levels of the rats in astragloside groups were decreased(P0.05 or P0.01),and the levels of serum BUN and PBG and 24 h urinary protein of the rats in middle and high doses of astragaloside groups were decreased(P0.05 or P0.01).Compared with model group,the MDA levels in kidney tissue of the rats in middle and high doses of astragaloside groups were decreased and the SOD activites were increased(P0.05 or P0.01);the expression levels of TGF-β1mRNA were decreased(P 0.05);the GSH activities in kidney tissue of the rats in various doses of astragaloside groups were increased P0.05 or P0.01);but the expression levels of CAT mRNA had no changes(P0.05).Conclusion:Astragaloside can improve the kidney function of DN rats,its mechanism may be related to the improvement of oxygen radical damage and reduction of TGF-β1mRNA expression.

目的 观察芩丹颗粒减轻高温暴露大鼠热损伤的作用,并探讨其机制.方法 将75只SD大鼠随机分为常温对照组、热损伤模型组和芩丹颗粒低、中、高剂量组,每组各15只;热暴露前48 h芩丹颗粒低、中、高剂量组分别给予生理盐水、生理盐水及生理盐水+芩丹颗粒10、20、40 g/kg灌胃,常温对照组、热损伤模型组均给予等量生理盐水灌胃.将热损伤模型组和芩丹颗粒组暴露于43℃热仓中,持续75 min,实时监测体核温度(Tc)和平均动脉压(MAP)变化,热损伤后迅速取出;常温对照组置于室温环境中.检测各组大鼠血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、白介素1p(IL-1β)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平.结果 热损伤模型组Tc、AST、ALT、SUN、Cr、IL-1β及TNF-α水平均高于常温对照组,MAP低于常温对照组(P均＜0.05);与热损伤模型组比较,芩丹颗粒高剂量组Tc、AST、ALT、SUN、Cr、IL-1β及TNF-α水平下降,MAP升高(P均＜0.05).结论 芩丹颗粒可减轻高温暴露大鼠热损伤,其机制可能与减轻炎症反应有关.

Objective To deeply know the experience and make clear the significance of nursing students participating in voluntary activities of the nursing room. Methods The in-depth interviewees were determined by the purposive sampling method, and the interviewees were interviewed according to the interview outline by the semi-structured interview method, and the interview data were analyzed by the cluster analysis method, and the feel of nursing students participating in volun-tary activities of the nursing room was known from many dimensions. Results Three topics were refined including service experience, effect and harvest of service and awareness of nursing humanistic care. Conclusion The nursing students partic-ipating in voluntary activities of the nursing room not only cultivates the idea of them but also improves the professional learning ability of them, at the same time, it reveals that establishing and ensuring the long-term social practice activities needs the deeply consideration.

乡村医生是我国农村卫生服务的主力军,直接承担着九亿农民的基本医疗、预防、保健和计划生育等工作.农村订单定向免费医学教育改革是国家为农村基层培养人才的重要举措,直接决定了基层的医疗水平及提升能力.文章分析了农村定向本科生需要具备的胜任力及目前教育课程体系现状,同时提出培养合格乡村医务人员的有效策略.

随着护理学科的发展和医学模式的转变，当代的护理实践也越来越强调对人和生命的尊重，护理人文关怀得到不断的提倡和应用。本文通过分析我国护理人文关怀的教育现状，探究了加强护理人文关怀教育的对策。