教育测量与评价是师范生必须学习的一门课,其内容对学生时期师范生的论文撰写以及走上工作岗位后师范生继续进行教研都具有积极作用.本篇文章通过统计近年来学科教学(物理)硕士论文中教育测量与评价的使用情况,从问卷设计、信效度检验、内容分析三部分进行剖析,整理出各部分在硕士论文中常用的方法及其适用条件,为该专业的学生提供一定的参考.

《礼记·学记》是我国古代专门阐述教育教学理论的一本著作,其中的教育教学思想内容非常丰富,比较全面地阐述了教育教学的目的和意义,教育与教学的基本机制、原则与方式,还包括教师的重要地位与功能,教学中的教师与学生、学生与学生之间的人际关系等,较为系统而全面地总结并推广了我国先秦时代的教育教学经验,是我国古代教育教学实践经验的结晶,对当下的中国教育教学仍然有着很大的启示和借鉴意义.本文借鉴了其中的教育思想,依据在《学记》中留下浓墨重彩的"豫时孙摩"教学原则,站在新时代背景下,结合物理教学实际,探讨预防性原则、及时性原则、循序渐进原则、学习观摩原则对物理教学的启示.

Objective A compact fiber sensing probe based on cascaded polymermicrocavitiesisproposedinthispaperformeasuringmagneticfieldandtemperatureThisfiberprobeeffectivelyovercomestheinfluenceoftemperatureonthedetectionresultsofmagneticfieldTherearebroadapplicationsinthefieldsofaerospacegeophysicalresearchandmedicineMethodsTheproposedfibersensorbasedoncascadedFabry-PerotFPcavitiesisfabricatedusingthemethodofdippingandultravioletUVcuringTheschematicoffabricationprocessisshowninFig1FirstthemagneticSU-8photoresistisachievedbydoping5%massfractionFe3O4nanoparticlesintotheSU-8photoresistandthenitisultrasonicvibratedwithanultrasonicagitatorat40kHzfor2hTheFe3O4nanoparticlescanbehomogeneouslydispersedintheSU-8photoresistandthenanoparticlediameterisonlyaround10nmThemagneticSU-8photoresisthasagoodtransmittancetoinfraredlightTheend-faceofsingle-modefiberSMFiscutflatanddippedintothemagneticSU-8photoresistAperfectellipticalpolymerfilmontheendsurfaceofSMFisachievedaftertheopticalfiberispulledoutwhichiscombinedwithSMFtoformanFPcavitycavityIThemaximumthicknessofthecavityIis15 mu mThecavityIissoftbakedonahotplateat65 degrees Cfor15minand95 degrees Cfor2handtheUVsourceisfocusedonthefibertipTheexposuredoseandexposuretimeoftheUVsourceare400mJcm2and15s respectivelySecondtheFPcavityinthefirststepisdippedintotheSU-8photoresistandthepolymerthinfilmscavityIIareintegratedwiththecavityIaftertheopticalfiberispulledoutThecavityIIisbakedandcuredusingthesameexperimentalstepsandunderthesameconditionsasthoseofthefirststepEventuallythefibersensorbasedoncascadedFPcavitiesisobtainedFig1bResultsandDiscussionsWhenthetemperatureincreasesfrom25 degrees Cto55 degrees CataconstantmagneticfieldsthedipAanddipBshifttothelongerwavelengthFig3aThecentralwavelengthofthedipAbarelymovesandthedipBshiftsfrom158934nmto159892nmTheshiftofinterferencepeakateachtemperaturemeasurementpointismeasuredThreeheat-upandcoolingexperimentsaredoneThemeanwavelengthshiftanderrorbarsofthemeasurementateachtemperaturepointarecalculatedandfittedlinearlyThetemperaturesensitivitiesofdipsAandBare0and3817pm degrees CrespectivelyFig3bOnecanfindthatthefibercantilevertaperforsensingtemperatureiswithanexcellentlinearrelationshipandgoodrepeatabilityWhenthefibertipisplacedinthemagneticfieldenvironmentthereflectancespectrumateachmagneticfieldintensityisrecordedbythespectrometerFig5aThedipsAandBareusedtorecordthesedetailsWhenthemagneticfieldvariesfrom0to50mTwith10mTasastepthedipAshiftsfrom1564691nmto1567139nmandthedipBshiftsfrom1588862nmto1591716nmrespectivelyTheexperimentalresultsshowthatthespectrummovestowardsthelong-wavelengthdirectionwiththeincreaseofmagneticfieldTheexperimentalresultsagreewellwiththetheoreticalonesThreerepeatedexperimentsaredoneandthemeanvalueofthecenterwavelengthoftheinterferencepeakandthemeasurementerrorateachmagneticfieldarecalculatedThelinearfittingofthecenterwavelengthpositionsofthedipsAandBshowsthatthemagneticfieldintensitysensitivitiesofthesensingprobereach489pmmTand554pmmTandthelinearitiesare095242and096132respectivelyFig5bConclusionsAcompactfibersensingprobeisproposedandthemagneticfieldandtemperaturearesimultaneouslymeasuredThecascadedmagneticandnon-magneticpolymerfilmsaeintegratedwiththefibertoformthesensingprobewhichisobtainedusingsimpledippingandUVcuringtechnologiesThetemperaturesensitivitiesofdipsAandBare0and3817pm degrees Candthemagneticfieldssensitivitiesare489pmmTand554pmmTrespectivelyThesimultaneousmeasurementsofmagneticfieldandtemperatureareobtainedusingthemethodofsensitivitymatrixThesensingprobemayfindawidespreadapplicationinaerospacespacegeophysicalresearchandmedicalfields due to its easy fabrication process h igh sensitivity compactness and good stability.

通过单片机最小系统、电源端子、独立按键、输入、输出电平指示灯、数码管、矩阵键盘、计数器芯片、脉冲信号发生器、显示器等电子技术教学中常见器件设计了逻辑运算演示装置、计数器计数演示装置、脉冲信号占空比测量装置三个电子技术创新型实验.以三个实验的设计为例,尝试对电子技术实验进行教学改革,通过学生自主设计、焊接、调试的过程加深对电子技术的理解,提高学生的动手能力、实践能力和创新能力.设计的演示实验也可应用于电子技术的课堂教学,利于学生对电子技术电路的理解.

A fiber taper temperature sensing structure based on liquid crystal-filled capillary tube was proposed. The distance of the optical fiber taper was kept at a constant, and the relationship between the temperature sensitivity of the sensing structure and the number of fiber taper was studied. The fiber one-taper, two-tapers and three-tapers were prepared using the fused taper technique, and were embedded in three capillaries filled with the liquid crystal. The light signal was divided into two beams on one side of the fiber taper. Two beams were transmitted forward in the liquid crystal and the fiber taper, then coupled on the other side of fiber taper to form the interference spectrum. The lengths of each taper and the multi-mode optical fiber between two tapers are 625 μm and 280 μm. The sensitivities of the fiber sensors based on one-taper, two-tapers and three-tapers are 181.62 pm/℃, 361.70 pm/℃ and 625.22 pm/℃, respectively. The fiber temperature sensing structure based on the three-tapers has the highest sensitivity.

本文主要以文献法、访谈法、归纳法等科学研究方法,以河南省洛阳市栾川县部分初高中师生代表为研究对象,以双基背景下物理初高中衔接兴趣培养为研究重点,对促进物理初高中衔接兴趣培养的教学策略进行了探索.在新高中生原初中物理知识、兴趣基础上,发挥高中物理课程学校教育主阵地作用,优化教学措施,激发学生兴趣,促进物理初高中衔接.

In this paper, a highly sensitive optical fiber temperature-sensing probe is prepared by integrating the conical polymer waveguide with an optical fiber using simple dipping and ultraviolet curing techniques. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of the structure at low temperatures is 123. 6 pm/degrees C, and the sensitivity observes a nonlinear increasing trend with an increase in temperature. Among them, the polymer waveguide has a compact structure, with an axial dimension of 300 mu m and a minimum radial dimension of 2 mu m. This prepared probe based on the waveguide has good temperature response characteristics and biocompatibility. It can also realize point detection and has significant application prospects in the field of biomedicine.

物理是以实验为基础的一门学科,仿真实验可以更直观、具体、形象地把实验过程和结果展示给学生.仿真实验是物理实验的补充和完善,它并不是要取代传统物理实验,它可以打破时间、空间的限制从而更加高效地促进教学的进行.通过这种方式可以提高学生学习物理的兴趣,帮助学生建构物理模型提升学生的物理核心素养.本文结合高中物理教学实践,对比物理实验的不足结合教学实例对仿真实验进行研究.探讨如何更好地提升高中学生学科素养.

A highly sensitive fiber temperature sensor based on cascaded multimode fiber cavity and polymer cavity between single mode fibers was proposed. A three-beam Fabry-Pérot interferometer was obtained. We demodulated the interference spectrum by means of the fast Fourier transform and the signal filtering. As the thermal response of the polymer cavity and the multimode fiber cavity are negative and positive, respectively, the high temperature sensitivity can be achieved by a subtraction between the two reciprocal thermal responses. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of the temperature sensor is as high as 2.95 nm/°C in the measurement range between −15 °C and 35 °C. The proposed sensor may find widespread application in biomedicine and environmental science due to its simple preparation method and high sensitivity.

微分方程是高等数学的重要组成部分,在物理、 电子类专业的后续课程中有广泛的应用.MATLAB提供了微分方程的众多解法,如时域解法、频域解法、公式解法、数值解法和图像解法等.文章使用Simulink的积分模块、传递函数模块及反拉普拉斯变换方法进行对比求解和分析,总结了用MATLAB的图像法解微分方程的基本步骤.

To solve the problems of the North Ridge sowing maize area exists in some not suitable for mechanized sowing machine work of the special region, a stampede-style maize seeder was designed.The critical part of the seeder is the Swing pushing device, which affects the operation performance of the whole machine.The key structure parameters were conformed through analyzing its moving characters.The result of field tests showed that in row spacing and plant spacing was respectively 350mm×270mm、380mm×300mm and 400mm×330mm, and plant spacing error were 7.44%,5.13%and 1 .91%,Row distance error were negligible.The design on Swing pushing device of stampede-style maize seeder satisfied the agronomic requirements.The new design and the theoretical analysis method in this research can provide a reference for design and application of seeder .

Experiment innovativeness research is a very important direction of college physics experimental research where the digital reconstruction of experimental equipment and tools is a distinctive direction. The key of the digitization is that how to convert the physic value to voltage or current signal.Based on the perspective of experiment equipment digitization,using many technique of electronic design. At first,transform the value of the physic quantity to electric signal by sensor,such as resistance sensor,ultrasonic wave sensor and hall sensor. Then using the conditioning circuit amplifying and shaping the signal. At last,signal digitized in MCU and processed signal display in LED or LCD.

我们对分压电路进行分析时一般会遇到图像和数据的处理问题，而这些图像和数据的处理使得我们很是费心。文章利用MATLAB的GUI功能设计了基于GUI的分压电路的处理方法。通过对GUI开发环境中回调函数的设计，在GUI界面上实现了分压电路图像和数据的处理，展示了方便灵活的数据输入和结果图形输出效果。对实现系统的最佳设计提供了一个实用、方便的仿真操作平台。

传感器实验中，经常需要通过实验数据求出传感器的特性指标，本文利用MATLAB的GUI功能，通过对GUI开发环境中回调函数的编程，设计了基于GUI的传感器实验数据处理界面，展示了方便灵活的参数输入和动态仿真结果的输出，开发设计出了具有良好交互式界面的传感器实验数据处理系统，可应用于所有传感器实验的数据处理。

Project teaching methods can combine the experiment teaching and theory knowledge well, to make the students become the subject in the classroom, and help to improve teaching effect in the classroom. This paper will also analyses how to play the role of project teaching method in"Engineering"Education.

文章分析了OP07等器件的基本工作原理，设计了红外发射、红外接收电路、比较电路。设计了的单片机计数和显示电路，设置了加1和减1按钮，解决了1分球和3分球的计数难题。

文章分析了555电路、74HC160计数器、CD4511译码器等器件的基本工作原理，用555电路产生高频脉冲信号，用74HC160计数，通过CD4511译码后送入数码管显示一个随机数。

The low-lying energy levels and electromagnetic transitions of even-even nuclei 98Zr, 100Zr, 102Zr, 104Zr are studied within the framework of the interacting boson model. The Hamiltonian matrix elements and some of their states have been respectively analyzed and determined with respect to the current nuclear experimental data. The B(E2) of electromagnetic transitions have also been calculated and the wave function structures also analyzed. The results show good agreement with the available experimental data. The present study shows that these series of nuclei are in the transition from U(5) to SU(3), namely from vibration to rotation.

文章分析了555、OP07和继电器等器件的基本工作原理,设计了雨传感器应用电路中的脉冲发生电路、滤波电路、比较电路、放大控制电路,分析了雨传感器的一个实际应用电路.

Based on requirement of solar greenhouse automatic system in northeast drought cold area of China.One kind of covered solar greenhouse automatic system was designed.This kind of system used photo-diode and contact wire switch as information detecting element,MCU as processing and platform,and used the relay to motor.The working parameters of the system were established and the covered solar greenhouse automatic system was verified.By using the system,three-month in the farm was conducted.The results showed that the average measuring accuracy of pressure in data acquisition and overall control was 98.1% and 97.3%.