Improving green land use efficiency is an important approach to reconciling urban development with resource and environmental constraints. Using panel data from 280 cities at the prefecture level and above in China from 2011 to 2024, this study employs a dynamic spatial Durbin model to examine the effects of the digital economy on green land use efficiency, focusing on temporal dynamics, spatial spillover effects, distance-decay boundaries, moderating mechanisms, and urban heterogeneity. The results show that the digital economy significantly improves local green land use efficiency. Its spatial externalities exhibit a pronounced dynamic transition from the spatial siphoning effect in the short term to the green spillover effect in the long term. The short-term spatial siphoning effect is mainly concentrated within approximately 200 km, whereas the long-term green spillover effect extends to approximately 250 km, indicating a clear distance-decay pattern. Green technological innovation and industrial upgrading mitigate short-term spatial siphoning and strengthen the long-term green spillover effect, whereas factor misallocation intensifies short-term spatial siphoning and weakens the long-term green spillover effect. The green-enabling effect of the digital economy is stronger in cities in eastern China, resource-based cities, high-tier cities, and cities with stricter environmental regulation. These findings underscore the importance of coordinating digital economy development with cross-regional green land governance, while strengthening regional absorptive capacity and improving factor allocation efficiency.

While trade liberalization has become increasingly important in global economic integration, little is known about its specific impact on China-ASEAN bilateral trade relations within the Belt and Road Initiative framework, particularly regarding cultural factors. This study addresses this gap by examining how trade liberalization affects bilateral trade dynamics between China and ASEAN nations, with special attention to linguistic and religious proximity as potential moderators. Using an augmented gravity model and panel data from 2012 to 2022, we find that increased trade liberalization significantly enhances bilateral trade volumes, with stronger effects in export trade compared to imports. Moreover, shared linguistic foundations and religious beliefs amplify these positive effects, particularly in ASEAN countries with lower economic development levels. These findings provide crucial insights for policymakers seeking to strengthen regional economic integration and optimize trade cooperation strategies along the Belt and Road.

This study investigates the correlation between biomass energy development and rural economic growth in China from 2005 to 2021. It utilizes data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate efficiency and sustainability paths. This study looks at how using biomass for energy generation affects local economies and how it promotes sustainable development, especially in rural areas where it has been used most frequently. To evaluate the effectiveness of biomass energy projects, the DEA model takes into account a number of input and output factors, such as investment costs, employment, the reduction of carbon emissions, and energy output. The results of our investigation show that the adoption of biomass energy projects has had a significant influence on rural communities' economic growth, as demonstrated by the high efficiency ratings attained in the DEA model. For policymakers trying to strike a compromise between environmental concerns and economic growth, this study offers useful data.

Background Equity and efficiency are basic value dimensions to evaluate the effectiveness of China’s medical and health service system (MHS) reform and development. Coordinated development of equity and efficiency is necessary to realize high-quality development of medical and health services. This study aims to evaluate the equity, efficiency, and combined efforts in coordinating the MHS during 1991–2020 reform. Methods Data on China’s MHS were obtained from the China Statistical Yearbook 1992–2021. Ratios of urban to rural residents’ medical expenditure and number of medical professionals per 10,000 people were employed to evaluate MHS’s equity. The data envelopment analysis-Malmquist model was employed to evaluate MHS’s efficiency. We constructed a combined-efforts-in-coordination model to examine the coordination degree between equity and efficiency. Results Equity of medical expenditure burden significantly improved from during 1991–2007. Urban residents’ 1991 medical expenditure burden was 87.8% of that of rural residents, which increased to 100.1% in 2007. Urban areas’ mean medical expenditure burden was 105.94% of that in rural areas during 1991–2007. The gap in equity of medical expenditure burden between urban and rural areas slowly widened after 2007, with urban areas’ mean burden being 68.52% of that in rural areas during 2007–2020. Medical and health resources allocation shows an alarming inequity during this period, with mean number of medical professionals per 10,000 people in urban areas being 238.30% of that in rural areas. Efficiency experienced several fluctuations before 2008. Since 2008, efficiency was high (0.915) and remained stable, except in 2020. The combined-efforts-in-coordination score for medical expenditure burden was less than 0.2 for 80% of the years, while that for in medical and health resources was more than 0.5 for 99.67% of the years. Conclusions MHS inequity remains between urban and rural China, primarily because of disproportionate allocation of medical and health resources. The government should enhance rural medical professionals’ salary and welfare and provide medical subsidies for rural residents to adjust resource allocation levels in urban and rural areas, control differences in medical expenditure burden between urban and rural residents to a reasonable range, and continuously improve urban and rural residents’ equity level.

为了解决人口老龄化进程中的老年人日常生活照料问题,我国于2016年开始了长期护理保险试点工作.利用在线网络调查数据,分析了长期护理保险给付方式和给付标准如何影响照料者在劳动供给和照料安排之间的权衡,以及通过社会保障缴费、税收和转移支付的传导作用产生的财政效应.研究结果表明,两种给付方式对劳动供给具有相反的作用:现金给付标准提高,照料者的劳动参与率和劳动力供给时间均会降低,并且其对女性照料者的影响大于对男性照料者的影响,劳动供给减少导致每个家庭每年产生469元的消极财政效应;实物给付标准提高,照料者的劳动参与率和劳动力供给时间均会增加,其对女性照料者的影响同样大于对男性照料者的影响,劳动供给增加导致每个家庭每年产生502元的积极财政效应.

This paper examines strategies in virtual sensing feedback active noise control systems and compares the noise reduction performance of three strategies: using physical microphones for direct feedback control, using virtual microphones for direct feedback control, and using physical microphones for indirect virtual feedback control. For a primary sound field with incident waves in a single direction, simulation results indicate that employing a physical microphone for indirect virtual feedback control consistently yields superior noise reduction performance than that using a physical microphone for direct feedback control. However, if the causal requirement between physical and virtual microphones is not satisfied, the increase in the equivalent secondary path delay deteriorates noise reduction performance while utilizing physical microphones for indirect virtual feedback control. For a primary sound field containing waves from multiple directions, the simulation results show that the noise reduction performance is affected by both the coherence and causality between the physical and virtual microphone signals.

Active noise control headrests reduce low frequency noise around human ears based on active noise control technology, in which accurate positioning of human ears is required to achieve good noise reduction performance when the human head moves. In this paper, infrared radars are used in an active noise control headrest by installing them around the human head. Three infrared radars are used, which face the left, the right and the back sides of the human head separately in a horizontal plane. The location of each ear is estimated by searching the abnormal bulges from the scanned contour line of the human head. The positioning ability of the proposed system for both translating and rotating movements of human head and the improvement of noise reduction are investigated based on the experiment measurements. The effective range, positioning accuracy and the limitations of the proposed method are further discussed.

Abstract Background: This study measured the equity-efficiency of China’s Medical and Health Service System (MHS) from 1991 to 2020 – a period of medical and health system reform in China.Methods: Data were obtained from the China Statistical Yearbook 1992–2021. We developed a calculation method for the equity-efficiency coordination index to guide our exploration of the equity and efficiency of China’s MHS. This generated a broad, but nuanced understanding of the relationship between equity and efficiency. The equity of the MHS was calculated as the ratios between urban and rural residents’ individual cash health service expenditure as part of their disposable incomes, respectively. The efficiency of the MHS was estimated by means of the DEA-Malmquist model. We then established a Cartesian coordinate system, with equity as the horizontal axis and efficiency as the vertical axis. The optimal coordinated development state was located on the straight line without deviation, that is composed of points where equity and efficiency are equal. Finally, we constructed the equity-efficiency coordination index model according to the deviation between the actual position and the ideal position.Results: The equity of China’s MHS has significantly improved from 1998 to 2007, and the medical expenditure burden of rural residents was reduced compared with those of urban residents. After 2008, the gap in the equity of the MHS slowly widened. From 1995 to 2007, the efficiency of the MHS fluctuated and developed at a low level. The implementation of the new medical reform promoted the efficiency of the MHS. Conclusions: With the realization of universal medical insurance, the efficiency has been stable at a high level. In short, since the reform the construction of China’s MHS has undergone a comprehensive system reconstruction and reintegration. From the beginning to the realization of universal medical insurance, the equity of the MHS has been substantially promoted and the efficiency of the system has been improved.

财政补贴是政府激励新能源汽车企业提高生产效率,驱动新能源汽车产业市场集中度动态演进的有效措施之一.本文基于超效率SBM模型测算2012～2020年间4家沪深A股上市新能源汽车企业绿色全要素生产率,然后实证分析市场集中度对新能源汽车企业绿色全要素生产率提升的影响以及财政补贴的政策效果.结果显示:我国新能源汽车市场集中度较高;市场集中度在超过一定门槛值后,才能驱动新能源汽车企业绿色全要素生产率的提高;财政补贴能够驱动市场集中度提高,且存在边际效应递减特征;财政补贴与市场集中度的交互作用可以促进新能源汽车绿色全要素生产率提升,且在研发投资和创新水平高的新能源汽车企业中效果尤为明显.

针对青岛市职工长期护理保险面临的筹资责任优化及财政补贴动态调整问题,本文以灾难性支出发生率为参照指标,结合适度保障理论,首先构建了目标保障水平测算模型;进而构建了职工长期护理保险筹资责任分担动态调整机制系统动力学模型.通过仿真实验,测算了保障范围扩大过程中筹资责任分担动态调整情况,得出了一系列有政策参考价值的调整结果.

在我国长期护理保险政策试点期间,鼓励商业保险公司发挥对社会长期护理保险制度的有效补充作用是一个值得广泛关注的问题.本文试图从个体特征、健康状况、护理偏好、社会支持和风险意识五个维度来考察各个因素对居民商业长期护理保险购买意愿的作用程度以及存在的区域差异性.以在河北省和辽宁省两个区域收集的问卷调查数据为依据,采用多元有序Logistics模型进行了实证检验.研究结果表明:各维度因素对两个省份居民的商业长期护理保险购买意愿的影响既有共性又有差异性,年龄、性别、居住安排和社会支持因素在两个省份均未通过显著性检验;收入水平显著正向影响居民商业长期护理保险购买意愿,且对河北省居民的影响程度更为突出;健康状况、失能发生可能性感知显著正向影响居民的商业长期护理保险购买意愿,且对辽宁省居民的影响程度更为突出.最后,给出了推动我国商业长期护理保险发展的政策建议.

The in-depth analysis of the strategies for the coordinated and continuous development of population, resources, environment, economy, and society based on the engineering management model is highly important for the sustainable development of the regional economy and society. In this article, a population-economy-resources-environment bilevel optimization model is established based on the economic and social development in a provincial region. The method of bilevel optimization is adopted to introduce the specific bilevel optimization model. The concept and objectives of the bilevel optimization are explained, and its corresponding technical applications are described. In this article, the development in coordinated economic and social development of population, resources, and environment is analyzed and compared based on the bilevel optimization model. In particular, the evolution and changes before and after the implementation of engineering management are studied. Through the results, it can be observed that after the implementation of project management, the coefficient of industry location has presented a downward trend, and the coordinated development of population, resources, environment, economy, and society has become more coordinated.

Purpose—The unbalanced layout of digital economy agglomeration has a significant impact on regional high-quality development. This study aims to explore the impact of digital economy agglomeration on regional green total factor productivity (GTFP) disparity from two aspects, including theoretical mechanism and empirical effect. Design/methodology/approach—Based on the empirical data of 285 cities above the prefecture level in China from 2003 to 2018, super-efficiency undesired SBM model, spatial Dubin model, and intermediary effect model are utilized to analyze how digital economy agglomeration affects regional GTFP disparity. Findings—The results show that the GTFP of China is on the rise as a whole, but the gap among cities is gradually expanding. Digital economy agglomeration has significant positive direct effects and positive spillover effects on GTFP, but digital economy agglomeration also aggravates the regional GTFP disparity due to disequilibrium industrial upgrading mechanism. Originality/value—The paper confirms the relationship between digital economy agglomeration and regional GTFP disparity for the first time. Different from previous studies, the industrial upgrading mechanism in this paper includes industrial structure upgrading and industrial spatial evolution. The study calls for the industrial bottleneck of “low-end locking” in underdeveloped cities to be noticed.

自京津冀协同发展上升到国家发展战略以来,津冀地区的港口群不断整合以实现协同发展,并取得了一定的成效,但仍存在许多问题亟须解决.利用津冀港口运营企业的财务数据、基础设施数据以及港口行业数据,采用比较分析方法分析了津冀港口企业之间竞争的现状和存在的不足,从京津冀协同发展、企业管理和运营机制、企业经营战略等方面得出了津冀港口群协同发展的战略措施.

Aiming at the problems of single planning technology and relatively few resource types in the process of regional comprehensive energy system planning at the current stage, this paper proposes a method based on the construction of regional comprehensive energy system planning and the operation model. Through the integration of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, this method can better realize the optimization and economic operation of the regional comprehensive energy system and build a system optimization mode based on two stages of planning and operation to pursue the optimal configuration of system equipment. Through the simulation algorithm, it is found that the solution time of the traditional basic particle swarm optimization algorithm is 10.49s, while the average solution time of the particle swarm optimization system proposed in this study is 7.93s; the efficiency is increased by 24.4%, and the system operation efficiency is significantly improved, providing theoretical and technical guidance for the economic operation of the regional comprehensive energy system.

构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局,是我国面临新冠肺炎疫情冲击和经济逆全球化的叠加影响的必然选择.锡作为重要的战略性矿产资源,产业演进的阶段性特征明显.本文从产业组织、产业技术、产业规模3个视角入手,选用多种方法识别中国锡产业所处的演进阶段.研究结果表明:中国锡产业表现出明显的衰退期特征;不同视角下的产业演进阶段识别结果代表着锡产业在各个层面的具体特征表现.根据锡产业在各个层面表现出的阶段性特征,有利于政府部门充分发挥调节作用、把握资源型产业发展脉络、明确不同阶段矿产资源战略重点,为双循环发展注入新动能.

在经济新常态背景下,受"三期叠加"影响,我国商业银行不良贷款持续双升,区域经济环境变化导致地区银行资产质量分化加剧,如何防范化解区域性系统性金融风险极为重要和紧迫.基于此,本文重点对我国商业银行不良贷款的地区差异及其影响因素进行分析.本文梳理了我国31个省级行政区2008～2019年的不良贷款和不良贷款率,分析了我国不同省级行政区不良贷款和不良贷款率的区域差异;利用各省级行政区的不良贷款率计算了我国东、中、西三大区域的泰尔指数,进一步分析了区域内和区域间不良贷款的差异;利用面板数据模型分析了影响我国不良贷款地区差异的影响因素.研究结果表明:(1)我国各省级行政区的不良贷款率差异明显,2008～2019年期间呈现出"先降后升再分化"的变化趋势;(2)对比东、中、西三大区域的不良贷款率,西部地区差异最大,中部地区差异最小,东部地区差异在两者之间并呈持续扩大趋势;(3)地区经济环境、金融发展程度、产业结构和政府干预等区域因素对各省级行政区的不良贷款率有显著影响,其中,人均GDP增速、贷款余额占GDP比例、财政自给率对地区不良贷款率产生了显著的正向影响,而存贷比、产业结构比产生了抑制的作用.

借鉴内生增长数理模型,运用动态最优化分析方法厘清互联网影响环境质量的逻辑关系及作用机制,并结合2003-2017年中国285个地级市面板数据进行检验.研究表明:考虑多维空间关联性影响,城市污染排放存在空间策略性竞争效应;互联网对环境污染排放具有显著的负向直接效应和负向溢出效应,且溢出减排效应大于直接减排效应;分区域而言,减排边际效应排序依次为中部＞东部＞西部,但西部统计上不显著;中介检验显示,技术进步和结构升级是互联网影响环境质量的关键传导路径.

财政补贴政策是政府矫正市场失灵,驱动长期护理保险市场高质量演化发展的重要手段.本文基于多主体仿真模型,考察不同补贴政策驱动长期护理保险市场演化的过程.研究发现:实行产品创新补贴政策时,可以形成健康有序的长期护理保险市场竞争格局;实行经营性补贴政策时,长期护理保险市场容易演化成垄断市场.保费补贴政策能够扩大需求规模,且差异化的保费补贴政策能够更加有效地激励需求空间的大幅增长.

低碳经济是应对气候变化的必然选择,如何全面客观地评价一个国家或经济体低碳经济发展水平成为低碳经济研究中迫切需要解决的问题.本文充分考虑低碳经济发展规划和目标,采取修正的TOPSIS方法构建低碳经济评价模型.针对传统TOPSIS方法中存在两个不足:一是相对贴近度计算中将被评价对象到"正理想解"和到"负理想解"的距离直接相加,正向指标和负向指标直接相加是不合理的;二是传统的TOPSIS方法忽略了被评价对象与"正理想解"和"负理想解"的距离的权重分配问题.本文提出利用密切值法对传统TOPSIS方法进行修正,解决到正负理想解两个距离的组合问题.首先,通过密切值的引入将被评价对象到"正理想解"和"负理想解"的距离转化为同向指标,保证了两个距离可以进行运算;然后,对两个距离进行归一化,保证两个距离在相同的数量级上,保证备选方案到正理想解的距离和到负理想解的距离起相当的作用,再根据决策者的偏好,对两个归一化的距离进行权重分配,保证两个距离分配的权重确实体现了决策者的意愿;最后,通过对秦皇岛市的低碳经济评价验证修正TOPSIS评价模型在低碳经济评价下的可行性和有效性,解决了评价指标有目标约束下的低碳经济评价问题.