目的 探讨氢气通过肿瘤坏死因子样细胞因子1A(tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A,TL1A)/死亡受体3(death receptor 3,DR3)通路对兔肢体缺血-再灌注后心肌细胞凋亡的影响.方法 下载基因表达数据库(gene expression omnibus,GEO)GSE160516数据集,进行基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集.采用随机数字表法将18只雄性新西兰大耳白兔随机分为对照组(C组),肢体缺血-再灌注组(R组),氢气组(H组),每组6只.建立兔双后肢缺血-再灌注模型,各组动物取静脉血离心制备血清,摘取心脏.酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法检测血清TL1A和DR3水平.终端脱氧核苷酸转移酶UTP介导的缺口端标记(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase UTP mediated nicked end labeling,TUNEL)法检测心肌细胞凋亡率.免疫印迹(western blotting)法测定心肌组织中TL1A、DR3与半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase3)蛋白相对表达量.实时逆转录聚合酶链反应(real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)测定心肌组织中TL1A、DR3与Caspase3 mRNA相对表达量.结果 KEGG通路富集分析发现,小鼠心肌缺血-再灌注后,基因表达富集在Apoptosis信号通路、TNF信号通路和MAPK信号通路等.实验观察到,与C组比较,R组血清TL1A和DR3表达水平显著升高(P<0.01);与R组比较,H组血清TL1A和DR3表达水平显著降低(P<0.01).与C组比较,R组心肌细胞凋亡率显著升高(P<0.01);与R组比较,H组心肌细胞凋亡率显著降低(P<0.01).与C组比较,R组心肌组织内TL1A、DR3和Caspase3蛋白与mRNA相对表达量均显著升高(P<0.01);与R组比较,H组心肌组织内TL1A、DR3和Caspase3蛋白与mRNA相对表达量均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 氢气可通过抑制TL1A/DR3通路减轻肢体缺血-再灌注后心肌细胞凋亡.

自2007年首次发现氢气(hydrogen,H2)具有生物医学效能以来,H2逐渐成为生命科学的研究热点.迄今已在包括缺血-再灌注损伤(ischemia-reperfusion injury,IRI)在内的170多种疾病模型和人类疾病中观察到H2的有益作用.IRI可以发生在心、肺、肝、肾等多种器官,现仍无十分有效的防治方法,其机理也未完全阐明.本文将对H2防治IRI及防治机制的近期研究做一综述,旨在为相关研究提供参考.

科学的考试分析、高质量的题库建设、智能化的抽题组卷等每一环节对保证考试质量皆至关重要.将上述考试各环节用现代化手段有机地联系结合在一起,构建科学的"考试分析―题库建设―智能组卷"一体化考试体系,无疑对新时代创新人才的培养具有重要意义.

目的 观察肢体缺血—再灌注(LIR)损伤过程中腹腔注射氢气的兔血清肿瘤坏死因子-相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)、线粒体丝氨酸蛋白酶(Omi/HtrA2)及骨骼肌组织匀浆上清Omi/HtrA2的水平变化,并探讨其可能作用机制.方法 45只新西兰大耳白兔随机分为LIR+氢气组(H组)、LIR组(I组)及对照组(C组),每组各15只.H、I组将袖带绑缚于兔右后肢根部股动脉搏动处(超过收缩压20～30 mmHg可完全阻断血流),束缚4 h时打开球囊开关(再灌注),H组于再灌注前5 min腹腔注射5 mL/kg氢气,C、I组同时刻腹腔注射等体积空气.C组仅用相同袖带缠缚相同部位.分别于再灌注24、72、168 h时取各组大耳白兔,分别取静脉血及胫骨前肌肌组织,检测血清TRAIL、Omi/HtrA2及骨骼肌组织Omi/HtrA2.结果 与I组比较,再灌注24、72、168 h时H组兔血清TRAIL、Omi/HtrA2水平低(P均<0.01);与I组比较,再灌注24、72、168 h时H组兔骨骼肌组织匀浆上清Omi/HtrA2水平降低(P均<0.01).同组不同时间段I、H组血清TRAIL及其骨骼肌组织匀浆上清Omi/HtrA2间比较,P均<0.01,I组血清Omi/HtrA2间差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01).结论 腹腔注射氢气的LIR损伤兔血清TRAIL、Omi/HtrA2及骨骼肌组组织匀浆上清Omi/HtrA2表达均降低.TRAIL、Omi/HtrA2可能参与LIR的发生发展.氢气可通过抑制TRAIL的活化及血清及骨骼肌Omi/HtrA2释放,抑制细胞凋亡.

目的 探讨经皮腔内球囊缺血后处理对肢体缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 选择30例单侧肢体单处腘动脉狭窄患者作为样本.随机分为A、B两组各15例,其中A组经皮球囊扩张血管成形术后用球囊持续阻断血流1 min恢复血流5 min,重复操作3次作为球囊缺血后处理;B组经皮球囊扩张血管成形术后不做缺血后处理.分别于术前及术后12 h在内踝上方5 cm处测量小腿周径,并于术前及术后2、4、6 h分别取静脉血检测血清中的乳酸脱氢酶、丙二醛及超氧化物歧化酶.结果 两组术前小腿周径差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后小腿周径A组比B组明显减小(P<0.05);同组小腿周径术后比术前明显增大(P<0.001).两组术后各时间点(2、4、6 h)血清乳酸脱氢酶及丙二醛明显升高而超氧化物歧化酶明显降低(P<0.05).与B组比较,A组术后同时间点血清乳酸脱氢酶及丙二醛均明显降低,超氧化物歧化酶均明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).结论 经皮腔内球囊缺血后处理能够改善肢体缺血再灌注所引起的组织水肿程度及降低脂质过氧化水平,对肢体缺血-再灌注损伤具有一定的保护作用.

在临床工作中,移植、断肢再植、骨筋膜室综合征等均能引起骨骼肌缺血/ 再灌注损伤( ischemia/ reperfusion injury, IRI) [1] . IRI 包含多个病理生理过程,例如在炎症介质作用下,可引起全身炎症反应,导致多器官功能障碍等[2] ,威胁患者的生命. 因此,防治肢体 IRI 备受临床医生的关注. 我们前期研究发现[3 - 4] ,脉络宁注射液通过影响超氧化物歧化酶、8-异前列腺素 F2α、一氧化氮合酶等,减轻骨骼肌 IRI,但其保护作用及机制仍需进一步探讨. 本实验拟研究脉络宁注射液能否通过影响肿瘤坏死因子 α(tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α)和核转录因子 κB(nuclear factor-kappa B, NF-κB)而发挥保护作用.

组织学与胚胎学是形态学课程,实验课教学占该课程总学时的50％左右.改进组织学与胚胎学实验课的教学形式与效果,有助于学生有针对性地更好地掌握基础知识,为学习后续医学课程提供有效帮助.学习组织学与胚胎学这门课程,可以帮助医学生以后更高效地投入到医学的学习与实践中,并且丰富了以后从事的临床工作经验.本文就实验教学方面,对组织学与胚胎学进行探讨,旨在总结经验,从而更有效地提高教学质量,提升学生的课堂理解能力,丰富其知识存储,以便学生可以胜任以后从事的工作.

目的 分析“PBL+对分课堂”教学模式在系统解剖学教学中的应用效果.方法 随机选择潍坊医学院2016级临床医学专业15班和11班为实验对象,临床15班为实验班,临床11班为对照班,每班均为50人,实验班采取“PBL+对分课堂”的教学模式,对照班采取全程传统讲授课堂教学模式,教学结束后通过专业考试及问卷调查等方法,评价两种教学模式的教学效果.结果 理论考试成绩显示:实验班学生考试总成绩、主观题成绩均显著高于对照班,而实验班学生考试客观题成绩低于对照班;问卷调查结果显示:实验班学生在激发学习兴趣、培养自主学习能力、培养临床思维能力、提高病例分析能力、培养团结合作精神等方面受益较大,与对照班相比有显著性差异,而在提高学习效率、促进知识记忆方面两班无显著性差异.结论 在系统解剖学教学中采用“PBL+对分课堂”的教学模式,可以提高教学效果,是值得推广的教学模式.

Objective To explore the effects of the health education on tuberculosis prevention and control among college students based on WeChat group,and to provide evidence for effective health education.Methods Random sampling method was applied to divide 307 students selected from 6 classes into two groups:the traditional group and the WeChat group.After showing the lectures of tuberculosis preventive knowledge to the two groups,the handbooks of publicity were handed out and the propaganda board was displayed to intervene the traditional group,and the relevant health education was offered to the WeChat group by the way of Wechat.Results There were no significant differences in the awareness rate of the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis,health attitude and behavior between the two groups before the intervention(P＞0.05).However,after the intervention,the rates in WeChat group were higher than those in the traditional group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The traditional way of tuberculosis intervention has no obvious effects,whereas health education based on WeChat group is an effective way of intervention.

目前国内高等医学院校形态学实验室规模不尽相同,对实验室的建设和管理大多还处在探索阶段,缺乏规范化的实验室管理模式.文中从潍坊医学院形态学实验室的制度建设、仪器设备管理、试剂耗材管理、实验技术队伍建设、实验教学准备工作等几个方面,探讨普通高等医学院校形态学实验室的规范化管理模式.

为适应教学改革需要,提高实验考试效率,我们应用最新的微软WPF(Windows Presentation Foundation)技术结合C#编程语言开发了集试题录入、试题管理、试卷生成等为一体的高度自动化的医学形态学实验考试系统.该系统能大大减轻教师工作量,缓解实验考试中切片、标本资源不足的问题,有效地提高实验考试质量及效率.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal hydrogen (H-2) injection on the mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level in a rabbit model of limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced skeletal muscle injury.Methods: To establish the hind limb I/R animal model, 30 rabbits were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: sham, I/R, and ischemia-reperfusion + H-2 (IRH). An intraperitoneal injection of H-2 was given to the IRH group, while an equivalent amount of air was given to the sham and I/R groups. At 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after reperfusion, serum MDA level as well as skeletal muscle iNOS and eNOS mRNA expression levels were determined.Results: Both iNOS mRNA expression and serum MDA levels were higher in the I/R group than the sham group (p<0.01) and lower in the IRH group than the I/R group (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively) at various time points after reperfusion. The eNOS mRNA expression level exhibited no significant difference between the I/R and sham groups after reperfusion but was significantly higher in the IRH group than in the sham group (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively).Conclusion: During the I/R process, the expression of iNOS mRNA was up-regulated along with an increase in MDA. Intraperitoneal injection of H-2 can down-regulate iNOS mRNA expression and up-regulate eNOS mRNA expression in the I/R process, suggesting a protective effect of H-2 in I/R-induced skeletal muscle injury.

利用先进的数字化手段,将病理切片、临床病例资料、病人大体标本图像进行数字化处理,建立典型病理图片库和临床病例素材库.学生通过观察病人病理切片、大体标本图像、临床病例资料并查阅典型病理切片库进行自主诊断,探讨一种以学生为主体,教师为主导,切实有效的病理学开放实验教学模式,完善病理学实验教学.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">&lt;正&gt;肢体缺血/再灌注损伤常见于骨外科、创伤外科、血管外科等,其后果是通过一系列病理生理反应,最终导致组织细胞的损伤乃至坏死。国内外学者对缺血/再灌注损伤进行了长时间大量的研究,但这些研究主要集中于心、脑、肾、肝等组织器官[1-5]。脉络宁注射液是一种中药制剂,广泛应用于心脑血管病的治疗。我们前期工作发现脉络宁注射液具有保护肢体缺血/再</span>

Background: To date, there are no effective treatments for extremity ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The objective of the present study was to explore the protective effect of Mai-luoning on IR injury by investigating the plasma levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-iso-PGF(2 alpha)) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rabbits.Materials and methods: The experimental models of posterior limb IR injury were established in thirty rabbits that were divided into three groups: the sham, IR, and IR + Mailuoning groups. At the end of ischemia, Mailuoning was injected intravenously into the rabbits in the IR + Mailuoning group, and normal saline solution was administered to the rabbits in the sham and IR groups. Venous blood samples were collected to measure the levels of 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) and the activity of SOD in the plasma at the following time points: at the onset of ischemia, the end of ischemia, and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after reperfusion. The skeletal muscles were harvested to examine the ultrastructure.Results: The levels of 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) increased significantly and SOD activity decreased in the IR group at every time point after reperfusion (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). In contrast, the levels of 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) and SOD activity were not significantly different after reperfusion in the IR + Mailuoning group (P > 0.05) but were significantly different compared with the IR group (P < 0.01). Using electron microscopy, the skeletal muscle injury was shown to be milder in the IR+ Mailuoning group after reperfusion compared with the IR group.Conclusions: The Mailuoning is capable of decreasing the excessive production of 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) and protecting SOD activity, thereby exhibiting a protective effect on extremity IR injury. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Seven different staining methods were tested in electron microscopic semithin section for observation of mast cell in rat jejunal mucosa.The results showed that the hydrochloric acid toluidine blue stain is simple,rapid,and suitable for location of mast cell in semi-thin section.The HE,thionine,Giemsa,and neutral red stains are also useful for the observation and location of mast cell.

<正>随着生产和交通的日趋发展,四肢大血管损伤、骨筋膜室综合征等疾病在临床中越来越常见。肢体恢复血流后,存在缺血-再灌注损伤,影响肢体功能恢复,造成肢体残疾,据有关统计伤残率高达26.4%[1]。更为严重的是缺血-再灌注损伤后可继

OBJECTIVE To provide effective proof for working out corresponding measures of disease control by studying the hyperlipidemia,hyperglycemia and hypertension among a certain university faculty.METHODS Blood lipids,blood sugar and blood pressure were detected and analyzed on 709 cases of the university faculty.RESULTS The positive rates of hyperlipidemia,hyperglycemia and hypertension above 40 years old group were obviously higher than those in below 40 years old group(P﹤0.01),and there was significantly difference between them(P﹤0.01 or P﹤0.05).The detection rates in males were significantly higher than those in females(P﹤0.01 or P﹤0.05).The detection rates in Logistic service group were significantly higher than those in teach group(P﹤0.01)as well.CONCLUSION The hyperlipidemia,hyperglycemia and hypertension usually occurred in males,individuals above 40 years age and Logistic service workers.It is necessary to take effective measures to improve the health notion and life style of university faculty and regularly detect the blood lipids,blood sugar and blood pressure,especially for workers above 40 years age.

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目的 观察脉络宁注射液治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的临床疗效,为临床治疗急性缺血性脑梗死提供优选方案.方法 选择急性缺血性脑梗死患者80例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组给予脉络宁注射液20 ml、对照组给予复方丹参注射液16 ml,分别加入5%的葡萄糖注射液500 ml静脉滴注,1次/d,14 d为一个疗程,治疗2个疗程后观察疗效.结果 治疗组基本痊愈13例(32.5%),显效8例(20.0%),有效14例(35.0%),无效5例(12.5%),痊愈加显效21例(52.5%),总有效35例(87.5%).对照组基本痊愈5例(12.5%),显效6例(15.0%),有效15例(37.5%),无效13例(32.5%),死亡1例(2.5%),痊愈加显效11例(27.5%),总有效26例(65.0%).两组疗效比较,基本痊愈率、痊愈加显效率、总有效率治疗组明显高于对照组,无效率治疗组明显低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 脉络宁注射液疗效确切,效果明显,是治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的优选药物.