This study aimed to detect Pasteurella multocida by immunohistochemical (IHC) methods in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissues obtained from pneumonic calves and to investigate the presence of macrolide resistance genes (erm(42), msr(E), mph(E)) in positive cases using real-time PCR. Among lung tissues collected from 100 necropsied calves, histopathological analysis revealed fibrinous bronchopneumonia as the most common diagnosis (56/100). P. multocida was detected immunohistochemically in 55 out of 100 cases (55

ABSTRACT Objective This study evaluated the safety profile of tolfenamic acid following repeated oral administration in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) at doses of 2 and 8 mg/kg every 12 h for 7 days. Methods The 42 quails were randomly assigned to three groups. The first group (n = 6) received saline orally every 12 h for 7 days. The second (n = 18) and third (n = 18) groups were administered tolfenamic acid at doses of 2 and 8 mg/kg, respectively, orally every 12 h for 7 days, totalling 14 doses. The safety profile of tolfenamic acid was evaluated by haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Results Haematological analysis revealed no significant differences across groups, except for a decreased mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration in the 8 mg/kg group. Biochemical assessments indicated stable liver and kidney function markers, as no significant changes were observed in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, albumin or creatinine levels. However, histopathological examinations showed significant liver changes, including hydropic degeneration and bile duct proliferation, as well as renal tubular epithelial degeneration, particularly in the higher dose group. Notably, lymphoid tissue depletion was observed in the spleen of treated birds. Conclusion These findings indicate that tolfenamic acid administration does not adversely affect haematological or biochemical parameters. Although biochemical parameters remained normal, histopathological changes such as tissue damage may indicate early or subclinical injury that could impair organ function over time. These microscopic alterations might lead to long‐term health issues in quails, even without biochemical abnormalities. Therefore, cautious dosing and regular tissue monitoring are important when using tolfenamic acid.

This study aimed to evaluate factors influencing the severity of histopathological pneumonia in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) cases, with reference to the complexity of bacterial pathogens and molecular profiles of macrolide resistance genes. A total of 80 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissue samples from calves (n=40) and adult cattle (n=40) with fibrinous pneumonia were examined. Histopathological severity was assessed using a modified semi-quantitative scoring system based on inflammation extent, necrotic areas, and vascular damage. The presence of five major bacterial pathogens (Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis, and Trueperella pyogenes) and three macrolide resistance genes [erm(42), msr(E) and mph(E)] were analysed using multiplex real-time PCR. Histopathological evaluations revealed significantly higher severity scores for fibrinonecrotic pneumonia compared to other pneumonia types. Molecular analyses showed multiple bacterial pathogens in 68.8% of cases, significantly correlating with increased histopathological scores. Regarding macrolide resistance genes, at least one resistance gene was detected in 76-95% of positive cases, with the msr(E) + mph(E) combination being the most frequent. The combined effect of pathogen number and resistance gene load on pneumonia severity was confirmed by ROC analysis for its ability to predict severe pneumonia. In conclusion, our findings highlight the importance of molecular-based pneumonia severity scoring in guiding rational antimicrobial use and herd management strategies in BRD.

Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a spontaneously arising, contagious neoplasm in dogs that propagates via the direct implantation of viable tumour cells between animals. Transmission predominantly occurs during mating, leading to the development of growths chiefly on the external genitalia of both males and females. In this case report, it is aimed to describe the clinical, cytological, macroscopic and histopathological findings of two bitches with CTVT. In the clinical examination of both bitches, an 8-month-old Husky and 2-years-old Alabai crossbred, protruding, irregular, ulcerated and bleeding structures were observed in the vulva. In cytological examinations, round to polyhedral-shaped cells with an eccentrically located nucleus, multiple mitosis and the characteristic distinct, cytoplasmic vacuolations with clear outlines were observed. Histopathological examinations of both cases revealed round or polyhedral neoplastic cells arranged in solid sheets or rows supported by fibrovascular connective tissue septa. Numerous mitotic figures were also observed together with tumor cells. Tumor cells with indistinct cell borders had eosinophilic and finely granular cytoplasmic structures. Necrotic changes in tumor cells and hemorrhage foci were also observed. A tumor cell embolism consisting of tumor cells adherent to the vessel wall was observed in the vessel lumen. It is think that these cases are important because they are being reported for the first time in Kyrgyzstan.

In the current study, we aimed to determine the distribution of telocytes in the ovary, oviduct and uterus of Kyrgyz mares depending on whether they were pregnant. We also studied the progression during the first 6 months of pregnancy. To this end, ovary, oviduct and uterus tissues from 53 Kyrgyz mares were obtained post-mortem. The mare tissue samples were divided into two groups: pregnant (n = 43) and non-pregnant (n = 10). Telocyte levels in the tissues were determined using light microscopic and immunohistochemical methods. Subsequently, the data acquired were evaluated based on whether the mare was pregnant, and if so, the month of pregnancy was also taken into account. After the study, we found a higher number of telocytes in the myometrium (5.69 ± 0.90, p < 0.001) and oviduct propria (0.14 ± 0.05, p < 0.006) of pregnant mares. We also noted an increased number of telocytes in the oviduct propria (0.04 ± 0.02, p < 0.03) of mares 4 months into the pregnancy, and in the muscle layer (1.62 ± 0.57, p < 0.01), myometrium (4.83 ± 0.78, p < 0.03) and ovarian stroma (0.14 ± 0.06, p < 0.04) of mares 6 months into pregnancy. In conclusion, we observed an increase in telocytes in the ovaries, oviducts and uterus of Kyrgyz mares during pregnancy, with this increase becoming more marked towards the sixth month of gestation. Therefore, additional research on the role of telocytes in pregnancy may prove beneficial.

This case report describes an 8-year-old female German Shepherd dog with undifferentiated embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The mass measured 13 x 12 x 9 cm, weighed 900 grams, and had an elastic consistency. Histopathologic examination revealed a large necrosis area in the center of the mass. We determined cells with spindle-oval and rounded morphology, hyperchromatic nuclei, unclear cytoplasmic borders, tightly arranged atypia, and mitosis around the necrosis. We noted long cells with nuclei arranged in a row and wreath-like multinucleated giant cells among these cells. In the immunohistochemical examination, neoplastic cells were stained with vimentin, desmin, skeletal muscle myosin, sarcomeric actin, and SMA positively, while Iba1, HLA-DR, pancytokeratin, S100B, SOX10, and GFAP were stained negatively. Myogenin was intranuclearly positive in approximately half of the cells. The case was diagnosed as RMS and was classified as undifferanted varyant of embryonal type on the basis of histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings. The original morphological and immunophenotyping structure of the tumor, along with the intriguing structure of the giant cells, led us to believe that sharing the case would be beneficial. This case will contribute to the pathomorphological knowledge of canine striated muscle tumors for studies in the field of veterinary oncology. Nediferenciran embrionalni rabdomiosarkom pri nemškem ovčarju: makroskopske, histopatološke in imunohistokemijske značilnosti Izvleček: V tem poročilu primera je opisan primer osemletne samice nemškega ovčarja z nediferenciranim embrional-nim rabdomiosarkomom. Tumor je meril 13 x 12 x 9 cm, tehtal 900 gramov in imel elastično konsistenco. Histopatološki pregled je pokazal veliko območje nekroze v središču mase. Okoli nekroze smo določili celice z vretenasto ovalno in okroglo morfologijo, hiperkromatičnimi jedri, nejasnimi citoplazemskimi mejami, tesno razporejenimi atipijami in mitozo. Med temi celicami smo opazili dolge celice z jedri, razporejenimi v vrsto, in vencu podobne večjedrne orjaške celice. Pri imunohistokemijskem pregledu so se neoplastične celice pozitivno obarvale z vimentinom, dezminom, miozinom skeletnih mišic, sarkomernim aktinom in SMA, negativno pa z Iba1, HLA-DR, pancitokeratinom, S100B, SOX10 in GFAP. Miogenin je bil intranuklearno pozitiven v približno polovici celic. Primer je bil diagnosticiran kot RMS in na podlagi histopatoloških in imunohistokemijskih izvidov razvrščen kot nediferenciran varietetni embrionalni tip tumorja. Izvirna morfološka in imunofenotipska struktura tumorja, skupaj z zanimivo strukturo orjaških celic, nas je napeljala na misel, da bi bila objava tega primera koristna, saj bi lahko prispevala k patomorfološkemu znanju o tumorjih progastih mišic pri psih za študije na področju veterinarske onkologije. Ključne besede: embrionalni rabdomiosarkom; pes; histopatologija; imunohistokemija

In this report, a case of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with lymph node metastasis was described in a 12 years-old Sphynx female cat. The mandibular lymph node was totally removed and dissected (lymphadenectomy). The oral necrotic-ulcerated mass was extirpated. In the oral mass, pleomorphic squamous epithelial cells with atypical cellular features, erosions and ulcers were also observed. Squamous epithelial cells with prominent atypical cell features were found in the mandibular lymph node. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that neoplastic cells were positive for AE1-AE3 and cytokeratin 5/6. It was found appropriate to present the case in order to draw attention to the fact that dogs and cats with chronic gingivostomatitis with erosions and ulcers on the oral mucosa should also be evaluated in terms of OSCC

Coenurosis caused by Coenurus cerebralis poses a significant economic threat to sheep. To date, no effective treatment has been identified for this parasitic infection once it has settled in the brain. This study aimed to investigate the surgical removal of C. cerebralis cysts from the brains of infected sheep. Twenty sheep were utilized in the experiment, and the animals underwent a 24-hour fasting period before the surgical procedure. Various biochemical parameters, including TP, ALP, BUN, AST, CK, LDH, RBC, WBC, Hb, and Hct, were measured in the animals both before and one month after the operation. Anesthesia was induced by administering 2.2 mg/kg IV ketamine hydrochloride, five minutes after the administration of 0.1 mg/kg IV xylazine hydrochloride. Following anesthesia, the trepanation site was determined through percussion. Subsequently, an incision was made in the skin, exposing the skull bone. The skull was opened using a scalpel through trepanation, and the cysts were carefully removed. The results demonstrated that the presented surgical technique effectively treated C. cerebralis cysts in the sheep's brains, restoring normal motor and metabolic functions. Given these outcomes, it is concluded that the proposed surgical technique holds promise for practical application in the field.

Objective: In the current study, we aimed to ascertain the levels of heavy metals and radioactive elements in the ovarian follicular fluids of pregnant and non-pregnant Kyrgyz mares. Materials and Methods: To this end, follicular fluids were obtained from 49 Kyrgyz mares aged 3-5 years. The mares were in various stages of pregnancy (Group 1, n = 27) or were non-pregnant (Group 2, n = 22). We measured the levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), antimony (Sb), cobalt (Co), potassium (K), uranium (U), nickel (Ni), and thorium (Th) in follicular fluids using atomic emission mass spectrometry. Subsequently, the data were statistically analyzed according to whether the mare was pregnant or not, the pregnancy stage, the presence or absence of the corpus luteum in the ovaries, the corpus luteum's diameter if present, and the presence or absence and diameter of follicles. Results: We found that K levels were higher in non-pregnant mares (0.00564 +/- 0.000590 ppm, p = 0.009). Furthermore, Ni (0.01033 +/- 0.001880 ppm, p = 0.07) and K (0.00563 +/- 0.000498 ppm, p = 0.026) levels were higher in mares with a follicle diameter of 1-3 cm. However, these results did not change according to the month of pregnancy, number of follicles, presence or absence of the corpus luteum in the ovaries, number of corpora lutea, and their diameters. Conclusion: Thus, we concluded that heavy metal and radioactive element levels in the ovarian follicular fluids of Kyrgyz mares do not significantly change with pregnancy status, and there are limited detrimental effects of pollution on the follicular fluids.

Early diagnosis and timely initiation of effective treatment are critical for the pneumonic pasteurellosis, which is mostly caused by Mannheimia haemolytica. But recently, strains of M. haemolytica resistant to antibiotics have begun to emerge, making the treatment of infections more difficult. Therefore, it is important to investigate the erm (42), msr (E) and mph (E) genes, which are held responsible for the resistance to antibiotics.The purpose of the present study was aimed to diagnose the presence of M. haemolytica by IHC method from lung tissue samples of young and adult cattle, and calves, also to detect erm (42), msr (E) and mph (E) genes, which are mostly detected in Pasteurella multocida but recently detected in M. haemolytica, by PCR method. In present study, paraffin blocks obtained from 100 young and adult cattle, and calves lung samples, and whose treatment was not responded, were used. Accordingly, the presence of M. haemolytica was detected by IHC in a total 52 cases of in 21 (38%) of the calves, 22 (69%) of the young cattle, and 9 (69%) of the adult cattle. At least one macrolide resistance gene was found by real–time PCR method in 75% of these positive cases. It was thought that the percentage frequency of these genes, which cause resistance by increasing the minimum inhibitory concentrations of macrolide group antibiotics used in the treatment, by high amounts, makes the treatment of infections difficult and causes serious economic losses by causing errors in effective antibiotic selection. Recently, strains of M. haemolytica resistant to antibiotics have begun to emerge, making the treatment of infections more difficult. For this reason, it is recommended that this type of prevalence studies should be renewed periodically due to possible resistance development and the repeated use of antibiotics with resistive shape should be avoided.

This study was aimed to determine by immunohistochemical methods the expressions of acute phase protein such as Haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and Serum Amyloid in the lungs of cattle suffering from pneumonic pasteurellosis (PP). The material of the study was the lungs of 8-18 month old cattle Holstein with Fibrinous Bronchopneumonia brought for necropsy to the Pathology Department of the Selcuk University Veterinary Faculty between 2019-2020. As a result of microbiological culture from the lungs of these animals, 6 lungs where Pasteurella spp. was isolated were used in the study. Additionally, 6 culture-negative healthy animals obtained from the nearby slaughterhouse were used for lung control. A total of 12 bovine lung samples were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical staining. In the histopathological examination, while no microscopic lesions were observed in the lungs of the control group, inflammatory hyperemia and red and grey consolidation stages of fibrinous pneumonia were detected in animals with pneumonic pasteurellosis. Immunohistochemically, immunoreactivity was very mild or without staining for primers in healthy lungs. Animals with pneumonic pasteurellosis showed immunopositivity in haptoglobin (Hp), oedema fluid and inflammatory cell infiltrations (P>0.05). C-reactive protein (CRP) staining showed expression in all criteria (epithelial, capillary, oedema and inflammatory cell infiltration) at all phases, and the highest mean score was found during the red consolidation phase (P<0.01). Serum Amyloid A (SAA) staining showed immunopositive staining in oedema fluid and inflammatory cell infiltrations, and the highest mean scores were during the red and grey consolidation phases (P<0.01). According to the results of the study, it can be considered that acute phase proteins may be important in the development process and/or pathophysiology of the disease, and SAA and CRP may provide more sensitive results for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important component for studying tumor behavior in several cancers in human beings. However, little information regarding the role of the TME in canine mammary tumors (CMTs) is available compared to humans. In this study, the aim was to investigate the relationship between the TME, hypoxia and angiogenesis through CD31, VEGF, HIF-1a, CD68 and CD163 expression by using immunohistochemical (IHC) methods in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded canine mammary tumor samples [(n=34: malignant (n=28) and benign (n=6)], to compare them with the clinicopathological features of tumors, and to analyze the relationship between them. There was no significant relationship between CD31, VEGF, HIF-1a, CD68 and CD163 expression in malignant tumors compared to benign tumors (P>0.05). There was an association between microvessel density and clinicopathological variables (the tumor size P=0.013, the presence of necrosis P=0.022) and individual histological grade (G2 vs. G3 P=0.028) in malignant tumors. While there was a positive correlation between CD68 and CD163 in malignant tumors in the dogs (P<0.01), no correlation was determined between other antibodies. Immunohistochemical determination of the level of angiogenesis in the TME may give further useful information about the angiogenic potential and grading of the clinical aggressiveness of some CMTs.

The purpose of the present study was to determine hypoxic brain damage in calves with perinatal asphyxia using brain-specific damage biomarkers. Ten healthy and 25 calves with perinatal asphyxia were enrolled in the study. Clinical examination, neurological status score, and laboratory analysis were performed at admission, 24, 48, and 72 h. Serum concentrations of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolysis 1 (UCHL1), calcium-binding protein B (S100B), adrenomodullin (ADM), activitin A (ACTA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and creatine kinase-brain (CK-B) were measured. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the brain tissue were performed in 13 nonsurvivor calves. The neurological status score of the calves with asphyxia was significantly (p < 0.05) lower. Mix metabolic-respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia were detected in calves with asphyxia. Serum UCHL1 and S100B were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, and NSE, ACTA, ADM, and CK-B were decreased (p < 0.05) in calves with asphyxia. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the development of mild to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. In conclusion, asphyxia and hypoxemia caused hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in perinatal calves. UCHL1 and S100B concentrations were found to be useful markers for the determination of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in calves with perinatal asphyxia. Neurological status scores and some blood gas parameters were helpful in mortality prediction.

Encephalitic listeriosis is the most significant purulent encephalitis in ruminants and is a very common endemic problem in sheep, cattle, and goats.In this study, it was aimed to compare the presence of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes revealed by immunohistochemical (IHC) and Real-Time PCR methods with histopathological findings obtained from the archive materials.The study material consisted of pons and medulla oblongata paraffin tissue of 100 ruminants (9 cattle, 4 calves, 44 sheep, 38 lambs, and 5 goats).Positivity was obtained by the IHC method in 46 (46%) and by the Real-Time PCR method in 21 (21%) of 100 cases.In the L. monocytogenesis antigen IHC scoring, more severe staining was observed in sheep and goats (P>0.05).In the IHC positive cases, microabscess was more severe in sheep and goats than in cattle and lambs (P<0.05).In addition, 19 patients had Coenurus cerebralis cysts, and 3 of them were found to be positive for the IHC agent of Listeria.It was concluded that IHC and PCR methods can be used to detect L. monocytogenes from paraffin blocks, but the IHC method is a more effective method than PCR in revealing the presence of antigen from paraffin blocks stored for many years.

Encephalitic listeriosis is the most significant purulent encephalitis in ruminants and is a very common endemic problem in sheep, cattle, and goats. In this study, it was aimed to compare the presence of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes revealed by immunohistochemical (IHC) and Real-Time PCR methods with histopathological findings obtained from the archive materials. The study material consisted of pons and medulla oblongata paraffin tissue of 100 ruminants (9 cattle, 4 calves, 44 sheep, 38 lambs, and 5 goats). Positivity was obtained by the IHC method in 46 (46%) and by the Real-Time PCR method in 21 (21%) of 100 cases. In the L. monocytogenesis antigen IHC scoring, more severe staining was observed in sheep and goats (P>0.05). In the IHC positive cases, microabscess was more severe in sheep and goats than in cattle and lambs (P<0.05). In addition, 19 patients had Coenurus cerebralis cysts, and 3 of them were found to be positive for the IHC agent of Listeria. It was concluded that IHC and PCR methods can be used to detect L. monocytogenes from paraffin blocks, but the IHC method is a more effective method than PCR in revealing the presence of antigen from paraffin blocks stored for many years.

1. Aflatoxins (AFs) are metabolites which especially have toxic effects on proteins, and are detoxified by the aflatoxin-B1 aldehyde reductase (AFAR) pathway. In this pathway, the aldo-keto reductase family 7, member A2 (AKR7A2) enzyme, which is controlled by nucleic-related erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2), plays an active role. However, data on the efficacy of this critical pathway in broilers is limited.2. The aim of the following study was to investigate the changes in the expression levels of AKR7A2, Nrf2, and caspase-3, and the effects of Nigella sativa seeds (NS), thymoquinone (TMQ), and bentonite (BNT) in broilers exposed to AFs.3. One-hundred broilers were divided into ten groups (control (CNT); AF; NS; TMQ; BNT; AF+TMQ; AF+NS; AF+BNT; AF+BNT+NS; AF+BNT+TMQ) and fed for 28 d. AF, TMQ, NS and BNT were added to diets at levels of 2 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 50 g/kg and 10 g/kg respectively.4. The addition of AF to the diet decreased AKR7A2 and Nrf2 levels dramatically, but increased caspase-3 (P < 0.01). TMQ, NS and BNT additions to the diet eliminated all negative effects caused by AF (P < 0.01); and AKR7A2 and Nrf2 were further raised in TMQ and NS groups when compared to the control group. TMQ and NS showed a positive effect on detoxification parameters when given together with BNT.5. Supplementation with NS and TMQ enhanced AF detoxification via the AFAR pathway, by increasing AKR7A2 and Nrf2 levels, in addition to reducing hepatocyte apoptosis.

Leptospiroz, abort, ölü doğum, kısırlık ve süt verimi kayıplarına neden olan ve hayvancılık için ekonomik açıdan çok önemli, zoonoz karakterli, bakteriyel bir enfeksiyondur. Bu çalışmada, 2013-2018 yılları arasında Marmara bölgesindeki il ve ilçelerden Pendik Veteriner Kontrol Enstitüsüne getirilen ruminantlardaki abort olgularından leptospirozun immunhistokimyasal (İHK) ve Levaditi yöntemlerle teşhisi ve histopatolojik bulgularla karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Materyal olarak 12 farklı ilden 750 kuzu, 218 oğlak ve 284 buzağı olmak üzere toplam 1252 adet abort fötüs kullanılmıştır. Fötüslerin nekropsileri yapıldıktan sonra iç organlardan alınan örnekler rutin takipleri yapılarak, hematoksilen eozinle boyanmıştır. Ayrıca böbrekler, karaciğer ve akciğerlerden İHK ve Levaditi yöntemleriyle leptospira etkenleri aranmıştır. Çalışmada, makroskobik olarak bazı fötüslerde deri altı ödemleri ve vücut boşluklarında sıvı birikimi, ikterus, karaciğerde miliyer nekroz odakları görülürken, çoğunda otolitik değişiklikler izlendi. Mikroskobik incelemelerde karaciğerde periasiner nekroz ve böbrek tubullerinde nekroz ve hiyalin silindirlerine rastlandı. İHK yöntemle yapılan boyamalarda 1252 adet fötusun 160 tanesinde ve İHK pozitif örneklerin Levaditi yöntemle boyamalarında ise 108 adet pozitif boyanma tespit edildi. Levaditi boyama metodu ile etkenler sadece böbrekte belirlenirken, karaciğer ve akciğerde gözlenmedi. Ancak İHK metodu ile karaciğer, böbrek ve akciğerde de pozitif boyanmalar saptandı. Sonuç olarak Marmara bölgesinde ruminantlarda leptospiroza bağlı abort oranı %12,8 olarak belirlenmiştir. Leptospirozun teşhisinde, İHK metodunun Levaditi boyama yöntemine göre daha hassas olduğu gösterilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Marmara bölgesi için ruminantlarda leptospirozun önemli bir abort sebebi olduğu ortaya konulmuş, hastalıkla ilgili farkındalığın arttırılması ve aşılamaların yapılmasının hastalıkla mücadelede çok etkin olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Dört yaşlı erkek melez bir kedide dilin dorsalinden alınan bir kitlede nekrotik glossitis olgusu tanımlandı. Yaklaşık 1.5 sene önce dilde bir kitle nedeniyle operasyon yapıldığı bildirildi. 1 ay öncesinde ise kedinin yemek yerken ağızdan fazla miktarda salya ve bazen de kan geldiğinin gözlenmesi üzerine hayvan sahibi tarafından dilde bir kitle oluşumu fark edilmiş ve kedinin muayenesi Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Kliniğinde yapılmıştır. Yapılan muayenede, gıda alımını ve yutkunmayı kısmen engelleyecek şekilde dilin kaudal bölgesinde ve dorsal yüzeyinden taşkın görünümde bir kitle gözlendi ve bu kitlenin operasyonla alınmasına karar verildi. Kitle sağlam doku aleyhine elektrokoter ile ekstirpe edildi. Alınan kitle Patoloji Laboratuvarına gönderildi. Kitle, 1,2x1,5x2 cm ebatlarında ve sert kıvamdaydı. Kitlenin yüzeyinde yer yer eroziv-ülseratif alanlar gözlendi. Kesit yüzünde ise 2-3 mm çapında sarımsı-gri renkte odaklar dikkati çekti. Mikroskobik incelemelerde; epitel hücrelerindeki dejenerasyon, nekroz ve deskuamasyon sonucu oluşan erozyon ve ülserler gözlendi. Bu alanlarda propriyada çoğunluğu nörtofil granülositlerden oluşan yangısel hücreler ile bağ doku artışları dikkati çekti. Dil kasları arasına serpilmiş olarak farklı büyüklüklerde pembe renkte nekrotik odaklar ile bu odakların çevresinde yangı hücrelerinden oluşan bir kuşak ve bağ doku artışları gözlendi. Sunulan olguda, tümör şüphesiyle alınan kitlede nekrozlarla birlikte gözlenen değişiklikler sonucunda nekrotik glossitis tanısı konmuştur. Ülserli ve kanamalı görünümde olan kitleler genellikle tümöral oluşumlar olarak yorumlanır. Ancak bu olguda da görüldüğü gibi tümör olarak değerlendirilen benzer görünümdeki kitlelerde nekrotik- yangısel değişikliklerin de dikkate alınması gerektiği kanısına varılmıştır. Benzeri durumlar için klinisyenlerin konuya dikkatini çekmek ve veteriner hekimliğe katkı sağlanması amacıyla olgunun sunulması uygun bulunmuştur.

Avian tuberculosis was described at 50 week-old Lohmann chickens in a commercial chicken farm. The study materials were 50 week-old 20 pieces of chicken from 2 coops and 16 week-old 20 pieces of pullets from 4 coops in a commercial chicken farm. After necropsy, samples were processed routinely for histopathological and microbiological examinations. Macroscopically, hard consistency, numerous and different sizes, whitish-yellow caseificated-calcifiated nodules were seen on the liver, spleen, kidneys and intestinal serosa. At microscopic examination, various sized granulomas, which have been caseification necrosis surrounded by epithelioid histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells, were found at liver, spleen, wall and serosa of intestine. Numerous acid-fast bacteria were seen on histopathology at necrosis and macrophages in the liver, spleen and intestines by Ziehl – Neelsen staining. Mycobacterium avium spp was produced at microbiological inoculations in liver, spleen, intestines and ovaries. Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium from these cultures was identified by PCR. It was thought that infection could be by fecal-oral route due to both intestinal tuberculosis in hens and common disease in coop. Therefore, the role of chicken manure may also be taken into account for the spreading of the disease.