Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and VenereologyEarly View LETTER TO THE EDITOR Do regrets of parents about sun overexposure impact preventive measures applied on their children? T. Passeron, Corresponding Author T. Passeron [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-6570 Department of Dermatology, Côte d'Azur University, Nice University Hospital Center, Nice, France INSERM U1065, C3M, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France Correspondence T. Passeron, Department of Dermatology, Archet 2 Hospital, CHU Nice, 151, Rte St Antoine de Ginestière, 06200 Nice, France. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorH. W. Lim, H. W. Lim Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorC. L. Goh, C. L. Goh National Skin Centre, Singapore, SingaporeSearch for more papers by this authorH. Y. Kang, H. Y. Kang Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorF. Ly, F. Ly Department of Dermatology, Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar University, EPS Institute of Social Hygiene, Dakar, SenegalSearch for more papers by this authorA. Morita, A. Morita orcid.org/0000-0001-8372-3754 Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Ocampo-Candiani, J. Ocampo-Candiani orcid.org/0000-0002-0213-0031 Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, University Hospital “Dr. Jose E. González”, Monterrey, MexicoSearch for more papers by this authorS. Puig, S. Puig Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona University, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorS. Schalka, S. Schalka Medecin Skin Research Center and Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute of Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorL. Wei, L. Wei Department of Dermatology, The General Hospital of Air Force PLA, Beijing, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorA. L. Demessant, A. L. Demessant orcid.org/0000-0002-3854-8851 La Roche-Posay International, Levallois-Perret, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorC. Le Floc’h, C. Le Floc’h La Roche-Posay International, Levallois-Perret, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorD. Kerob, D. Kerob La Roche-Posay International, Levallois-Perret, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorB. Dreno, B. Dreno orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-5825 Nantes University, Université Angers, INSERM, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302, Nantes, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Krutmann, J. Krutmann orcid.org/0000-0001-8433-1517 IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, GermanySearch for more papers by this author T. Passeron, Corresponding Author T. Passeron [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-6570 Department of Dermatology, Côte d'Azur University, Nice University Hospital Center, Nice, France INSERM U1065, C3M, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France Correspondence T. Passeron, Department of Dermatology, Archet 2 Hospital, CHU Nice, 151, Rte St Antoine de Ginestière, 06200 Nice, France. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorH. W. Lim, H. W. Lim Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorC. L. Goh, C. L. Goh National Skin Centre, Singapore, SingaporeSearch for more papers by this authorH. Y. Kang, H. Y. Kang Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorF. Ly, F. Ly Department of Dermatology, Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar University, EPS Institute of Social Hygiene, Dakar, SenegalSearch for more papers by this authorA. Morita, A. Morita orcid.org/0000-0001-8372-3754 Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Ocampo-Candiani, J. Ocampo-Candiani orcid.org/0000-0002-0213-0031 Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, University Hospital “Dr. Jose E. González”, Monterrey, MexicoSearch for more papers by this authorS. Puig, S. Puig Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona University, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorS. Schalka, S. Schalka Medecin Skin Research Center and Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute of Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorL. Wei, L. Wei Department of Dermatology, The General Hospital of Air Force PLA, Beijing, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorA. L. Demessant, A. L. Demessant orcid.org/0000-0002-3854-8851 La Roche-Posay International, Levallois-Perret, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorC. Le Floc’h, C. Le Floc’h La Roche-Posay International, Levallois-Perret, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorD. Kerob, D. Kerob La Roche-Posay International, Levallois-Perret, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorB. Dreno, B. Dreno orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-5825 Nantes University, Université Angers, INSERM, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302, Nantes, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Krutmann, J. Krutmann orcid.org/0000-0001-8433-1517 IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 06 October 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.19556Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES 1Randle HW. Suntanning: differences in perceptions throughout history. Mayo Clin Proc. 1997; 72(5): 461–466. https://doi.org/10.4065/72.5.461 2Henrikson NB, Morrison CC, Blasi PR, Nguyen M, Shibuya KC, Patnode CD. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force evidence syntheses, formerly systematic evidence reviews. Behavioral counseling for skin cancer prevention: a systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2018. 3Görig T, Södel C, Pfahlberg AB, Gefeller O, Breitbart EW, Diehl K. Sun protection and sunburn in children aged 1-10 years in Germany: prevalence and determinants. Children. 2021; 8(8):668. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8080668 Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue ReferencesRelatedInformation

The objective of our study was to assess the attitudes and behaviors in Japan regarding sun exposure and compare them to those in Europe and North America. The study population was a representative sample of individuals aged >18 years from Ipsos panels in Japan (N = 1000), North America (N = 1000), and Europe (N = 6000) using the quota method. Questionnaires covered habits, practices, and perceptions regarding sun exposure. Results revealed that the majority of people (80.1%) believed that the sun gives them energy, and 61.1% considered that being tanned made them look healthier. However, there was a significant difference between men and women regarding the appeal of tanned skin, with 54.95% of men versus 34.67% (p < 0.001) of women seeing a tan as an aesthetic asset. People aged <40 years were less likely to find a tan attractive (30.3%) compared to those aged >= 40 years (48.9%) (p < 0.001). Of those questioned, 45.70% of used sunscreen with a much higher use among women (70.10%) than men (18.74%) (p < 0.001). Almost 54% of people said they stayed in the shade to protect themselves from the sun with this behavior being more prevalent among women (67.05%) and fair-skinned individuals (56.13%). Fear of the risks of sun exposure was more common among women, with 84.8% fearing premature skin aging, compared to 71.8% of men (p < 0.001). In Japan, 44.30% of those questioned said tanned skin was attractive (p < 0.001); for Europeans and North Americans the proportions were 81.1% and 77.6%, respectively. Only a quarter (25.80%) thought it essential to return from vacation with a tan. On the other hand, Europeans showed a strong recognition of the energy the sun brings (83.18%), and widely believed that tanned skin is attractive (82.32%) and healthy (73.15%). In North America, attitudes were similar to those in Europe regarding the attractiveness of tanned skin (77.65%) and the importance of returning tanned from vacation (48.15%). Compared to Europeans and North Americans, the Japanese seemed to be more cautious about sun-induced hazards and considered lighter skin to be more attractive.

Introduction. - Toxidermia in the paediatric population accounts for 35 to 36% of adverse drug reactions in children [1]. In 2% of cases, they can affect the vital and/or functional prognosis [2]. The aim of this work was to determine the drugs responsible of toxidermia in pediatric population in a hospital environment in Dakar.Methodology. - This was a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study, over a period of 10 years, of children seen in the 3 dermatological university hospitals of reference in Dakar.Results. - We collected 116 cases, representing a hospital incidence of 0.08%. The sex ratio was 1.23. The mean age of the patients was 7 years. The types of toxidermia were Stevens Johnson/Lyell syn-drome in 42.2%, EPF in 11.2%, EMP in 10.3%, urticaria in 8.6%. Mucosal involvement was found in 50.9%. Complications were hydro-electrolytic disorders in 22.4%, infection in 7.7% and hypothermia in 1.7%. The incriminated drug classes were antibiotics in 41.4%, antiepileptics in 17.2%, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 15.5%, analgesics in 15.5% and antimalarials in 8.6%. Traditional plants were incriminated in 7.7% of cases.Conclusion. - Antibiotics and antiepileptics are the most common drugs involved in children toxidermia in Dakar. Stevens Johnson/Lyell syndrome is the most frequent clinical form.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

Background: A post-acne hyperpigmentation index (PAHPI) has been developed in the United States to better compare therapeutic modalities. Our aim in this study was to validate the PAHPI score in patients with skin type VI from sub-Saharan Africa.Patients and methods: The study was conducted in Dakar, Senegal. Twenty-one patients with Fitzpatrick skin type VI, aged 17 to 55 years, presenting hyperpigmentation secondary to acne were included. Ongoing use of skin bleaching products or acne treatments was allowed. Four trained dermatologists rated the patients using the PAHPI. A narrow-band reflectance spectrophotometer (Mexameter MX-18, Cologne, Germany) was used to measure the degree of pigmentation of involved and adjacent skin on 6 representative facial lesions.Results: The average inter-rater reliability (weighted Kappa) showed substantial agreement for inten-sity (0.67), moderate agreement for number (0.53) and fair agreement for lesion size (0.28). Inter-rater reliability for the total PAHPI was excellent for both day 1 and day 2 (interclass correlation coefficient of 0.87 and 0.85, respectively; P < 0.0001). Intra-rater reliability for total PAHPI ranged from 0.83 to 0.93 (P < 0.0001). PAHPI scoring thus demonstrated excellent reliability both between and within raters. The association was moderate to substantial for all raters on both days (range for rho on day 1: 0.531 to 0.815; range for rho on day 2: 0.448 0.762). The correlations between the Mexameter (Courage and Khazaka) measurements and PAHPI scores showed moderate to substantial agreement.Conclusion: Although tested primarily in African American women to date, PAHPI is also valid for patients from sub-Saharan Africa.(c) 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Cette étude porte sur les connaissances et les comportements concernant l'exposition au soleil parmi la population ayant été traitée pour un cancer de la peau (mélanome/non-mélanome) ou des lésions précancéreuses dans 17 pays. L'évaluation a été conduite en ligne dans 17 pays (n = 17001) du 28/09 au 18/10/2021. Les échantillons des 17 pays étaient représentatifs [méthode des quotas]. Cette sous-population représente 8 % (n = 1372) de la population générale [PG], elle comprenait 54 % d'hommes, l'âge moyen était de 49,9 ans ± 17,6) et 58 % étaient de phototype 1 ou 2. Au total,90% étaient conscients des problèmes de santé liés au soleil (vs 88 % dans la PG). Soixante-dix-neuf pour cents savaient qu'il est utile de se protéger du soleil lorsque le temps est couvert, ce qui représente une meilleure connaissance par rapport à la PG (61 %) (p < 0,001). Toutefois, 34 % indiquaient qu'il était sans danger de s'exposer sans protection lorsqu'elles étaient déjà bronzées, une idée fausse plus répandue que dans la PG (23 %). Cinquante-quatre pourcents ne comprenaient pas la différence entre les UVA et les UVB vs 70 % dans la PG (p < 0,001). Seules 28 % utilisent systématiquement/souvent toutes les mesures de protection pendant l'exposition; une pratique cependant plus répandue que dans la PG (12 %). Toutefois, 42 % disaient se protéger du soleil toute l'année, une habitude meilleure que dans la PG (23 %). Pendant l'exposition solaire, parmi les 91 % de personnes déclarant appliquer un écran solaire, 74 % l'appliquaient seulement une ou deux fois par jour, une pratique similaire à celle de la PG (74 %). Lorsqu'elles étaient déjà bronzées, 38 % des personnes diminuaient la fréquence d'application ou appliquaient une protection plus faible (44 % dans la PG). Quatre-vingt-deux pourcents regrettaient de ne pas avoir utilisé une meilleure protection, plus dans la population générale (57 %). Les patients ayant été traitées pour un cancer de la peau ou des lésions précancéreuses ont des connaissances et des comportements meilleurs que ceux de la population générale. Nous montrons qu'une population même à haut risque de cancer de la peau bénéficiant d'un suivi médical régulier ne perçoit pas suffisamment l'importance de la photoprotection dans un objectif de prévention. Ces résultats nous imposent de discuter et de s'assurer de la mise en œuvre de nouveaux outils d'information avec plus d'impact.

La cosmetologia della pelle nera presenta alcune specificità legate non solo a peculiarità istologiche e funzionali della pelle nera, ma anche a diverse abitudini cosmetiche. Le esigenze cosmetologiche specifiche dei soggetti di pelle nera hanno dato vita a un’etnocosmetologia che obbedisce soprattutto a una logica commerciale e che non tiene sempre conto delle peculiarità fisiologiche o dei principi della cosmetovigilanza. È per questo che le donne originarie dell’Africa subsahariana utilizzano delle sostanze schiarenti a scopo cosmetico, come i corticosteroidi topici ad alta attività, l’idrochinone e, più recentemente, il glutatione. Questa pratica è associata a un gran numero di complicanze, inclusi disturbi discromici, come l’ocronosi esogena. A parte l’uso di prodotti depigmentanti a scopo cosmetico, le donne nere africane, così come tutte le donne, ricorrono a extension per le ciglia, ma anche all’applicazione di unghie finte e a diversi tipi di tatuaggi. Pratiche cosmetiche per capelli come l’uso di liscianti a base di soda, l’intrecciatura e la tessitura sono osservate più specificamente nelle donne di colore con i capelli crespi. Queste ultime pratiche sono associate a varie complicanze, come l’alopecia da trazione o l’alopecia centrifuga centrale cicatriziale. La prevenzione di queste complicanze deve basarsi su una vera e propria politica di cosmetovigilanza. Anche se le pratiche cosmetiche sono più frequenti tra le donne, da tempo c’è stata una crescente domanda cosmetica da parte degli uomini neri. Le specificità funzionali della pelle nera, in particolare l’iperseborrea e la xerosi, sono all’origine di una richiesta di cure cosmetiche e, da qui, l’uso frequente di emollienti nei soggetti di pelle nera. Soluzioni alternative si basano sulla cosmetopeia tradizionale, con, in particolare, burro di karité e oli essenziali di piante presenti in Africa. Infine, il grado di pigmentazione della pelle nera protegge dal fotoinvecchiamento, da cui deriva un minore utilizzo delle tecniche di ringiovanimento cutaneo. Tuttavia, vi è una crescente domanda di schermi solari per la prevenzione dell’invecchiamento fotoindotto. La gestione cosmetologica dei disturbi discromici sulla pelle nera mediante l’uso di peeling o laser può essere accompagnata da complicanze come l’iperpigmentazione paradossa, le cicatrici ipertrofiche o i cheloidi.

Objective: The aim of this case-control study was to identify risk factors associated with necrotizing fasciitis (NF) of the lower limbs. Patients and methods: We conducted a prospective case-control study in hospital dermatology departments in 5 sub-Saharan African countries over a 2-year period (April 2017 to July 2019). The cases were patients with NF of the lower limbs and the controls were patients with leg erysipelas. Each case was matched with two controls for age (+/- 5 years) and sex. We analyzed local and general factors. Results: During the study period, 159 cases (73 females, 86 males) were matched with 318 controls. The mean age was 48.5 +/- 15.8 years for cases and 46.5 +/- 16.2 years for controls (P= 0.24). The main local signs of NF were cutaneous necrosis (83.7%), pain (75.5%) and induration (42.1%). Multivariate analysis showed the following to be independent risk factors associated with NF of the lower limbs: obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-3.42), diabetes (OR = 3.97; 95% CI: 1.95-6.13), nicotine addiction ( OR = 5.07; 95% CI: 2.20-11.70), use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (OR = 7.85; 95% CI 4.60-14.21) and voluntary cosmetic depigmentation (OR= 2.29; 95% CI: 1.19-3.73). Conclusion: Our study documents the role of NSAID use at the onset of symptoms as a risk factor for NF of the lower limbs. However, the originality of our study consists in the identification of voluntary cosmetic depigmentation as a risk factor for NF of the lower limbs in sub-Saharan Africa patients. Our results also identified typical overarching factors such as diabetes, obesity and nicotine addiction. Knowing these factors and taking them into account will enable optimization of management strategies for these conditions. (C) 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

The main clinical manifestation of

Increasing evidence on the impact of the different wavelengths of sunlight on the skin demonstrates the need for tailored recommendations of sunscreen according to skin phototype and dermatoses, which is now possible due to advances in the filters and formulations of sunscreens. A selective literature search was performed by an international expert panel, focusing on the type of sunscreen to recommend for photoaging, skin cancers, photodermatoses, pigmentary disorders and skin inflammatory disorders. Protection against ultraviolet (UV)B is especially important for light skin as there is a high risk of sunburn, DNA damage and skin cancers. Darker skin may be naturally better protected against UVB but is more prone to hyperpigmentation induced by visible light (VL) and UVA. Protection against UVA, VL and infrared A can be helpful for all skin phototypes as they penetrate deeply and cause photoaging. Long‐wave UVA1 plays a critical role in pigmentation, photoaging, skin cancer, DNA damage and photodermatoses. Adapting the formulation and texture of the sunscreen to the type of skin and dermatoses is also essential. Practical recommendations on the type of sunscreen to prescribe are provided to support the clinician in daily practice.

Increasing evidence on the impact of the different wavelengths of sunlight on the skin demonstrates the need for tailored recommendations of sunscreen according to skin phototype and dermatoses, which is now possible due to advances in the filters and formulations of sunscreens. A selective literature search was performed by an international expert panel, focusing on the type of sunscreen to recommend for photoaging, skin cancers, photodermatoses, pigmentary disorders and skin inflammatory disorders. Protection against ultraviolet (UV)B is especially important for light skin as there is a high risk of sunburn, DNA damage and skin cancers. Darker skin may be naturally better protected against UVB but is more prone to hyperpigmentation induced by visible light (VL) and UVA. Protection against UVA, VL and infrared A can be helpful for all skin phototypes as they penetrate deeply and cause photoaging. Long-wave UVA1 plays a critical role in pigmentation, photoaging, skin cancer, DNA damage and photodermatoses. Adapting the formulation and texture of the sunscreen to the type of skin and dermatoses is also essential. Practical recommendations on the type of sunscreen to prescribe are provided to support the clinician in daily practice.

La maladie de Bowen est une forme in situ de carcinome épidermoïde cutané. Elle est rarement observée sur peau noire. Nous rapportons l’observation d’une patiente présentant une maladie de Bowen anal sur des condylomes. Une femme âgée de 51 ans, divorcée depuis 15 ans, sans antécédents pathologiques particuliers ni notion de comportements sexuels à risque avoués, était reçue en consultation pour des tuméfactions anales évoluant depuis 1 an. A l’examen, il existait, dans un contexte de bon état général, un placard infiltré, finement squameux, dyschromique, à bordure nette, mesurant 7 cm de diamètre, localisé au niveau péri-anal et plus large à la fesse droite. Par ailleurs, on notait, sur ce placard, des lésions tumorales en « crêtes de coq » évoquant des condylomes. Devant ce placard nous avions évoquées les hypothèses diagnostiques suivantes : un cancer anal, la maladie de Paget, un lichen scléro-atrophique et la maladie de Bowen. L’histopathologie de la biopsie du placard était en faveur d’une maladie de Bowen. Une exérèse chirurgicale, après délimitation lésionnelle par imagerie par résonnance magnétique, a été indiquée en Réunion de Concertation Pluridisciplinaire (RCP) et les suites opératoires étaient simples. La maladie de Bowen est un carcinome in situ décrite par Bowen en 1912. Elle survient le plus souvent à un âge supérieur à 50 ans au niveau des zones photo-exposées chez le phototype clair. La localisation anale est exceptionnelle, surtout sur phototype foncé. Cependant, son association avec des condylomes n’est pas fortuite.

Background The first International Society of Atopic Dermatitis (ISAD) global meeting dedicated to atopic dermatitis (AD) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was held in Geneva, Switzerland in April 2019. A total of 30 participants were present at the meeting, including those from 17 SSA countries, representatives of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Foundation for Dermatology (IFD) (a committee of the International League of Dermatological Societies, ILDS ), the Fondation pour la Dermatite Atopique, as well as specialists in telemedicine, artificial intelligence and therapeutic patient education (TPE). Results AD is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory skin diseases in SSA. Besides neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) with a dermatological presentation, AD requires closer attention from the WHO and national Departments of Health. Conclusions A roadmap has been defined with top priorities such as access to essential medicines and devices for AD care, in particular emollients, better education of primary healthcare workers for adequate triage (e.g. better educational materials for skin diseases in pigmented skin generally and AD in particular, especially targeted to Africa), involvement of traditional healers and to a certain extent also patient education, bearing in mind the barriers to effective healthcare faced in SSA countries such as travel distances to health facilities, limited resources and the lack of dermatological expertise. In addition, several initiatives concerning AD research in SSA were discussed and should be implemented in close collaboration with the WHO and assessed at follow-up meetings, in particular, at the next ISAD meeting in Seoul, South Korea and African Society of Dermatology and Venereology (ASDV) meeting in Nairobi, Kenya, both in 2020.

维生素 D 是皮肤受阳光中紫外线(UVR)的照射后产生的。缺乏维生素 D (称为维生素 D 缺乏症)会导致骨骼变软变弱,从而导致骨骼畸形。尽管紫外线辐射是维生素 D 的主要来源,但它也是皮肤癌的主要原因,这引发了关于如何在理想(足够)的维生素 D 水平和防晒之间取得平衡的争论。 这篇综述旨在就防晒霜对维生素 D 状态的影响提供实用建议。由内分泌学、皮肤病学、光生物学、流行病学和生物人类学领域的 13 名专家组成的国际专家组在 2017 年 6 月的一天会议前回顾了有关维生素 D 水平和防晒霜使用的文献。他们检验了评估和确定维生素 D 充足性的最新方法、当前的公共卫生建议、日晒对维生素 D 的影响以及防晒霜使用的影响。 对理想的维生素 D 水平,尚无国际共识,建议之间也相差很大。在本次回顾中, ≥50 nmol/L 25(OH)D 的血液水平是最广泛认可的目标水平。结论是,每天使用广谱防晒霜(同时提供 UVA 和 UVB 防护效果)不会影响健康人的维生素 D 产生。但是,光敏性疾病患者是例外,因此,他们可以从维生素 D 筛查和补充中受益。

Vitamin D is produced by the skin in response to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight. A lack of vitamin D, known as vitamin D deficiency, can cause bones to become soft and weak, which can lead to bone deformities. Whilst UVR exposure is a main source of vitamin D, it is also a primary cause of skin cancer, leading to debates on how to get the balance between ideal (sufficient) vitamin D levels and sun protection.

Background The first International Society of Atopic Dermatitis (ISAD) global meeting dedicated to atopic dermatitis (AD) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was held in Geneva, Switzerland in April 2019. A total of 30 participants were present at the meeting, including those from 17 SSA countries, representatives of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Foundation for Dermatology (IFD) (a committee of the International League of Dermatological Societies, ILDS www.ilds.org), the Fondation pour la Dermatite Atopique, as well as specialists in telemedicine, artificial intelligence and therapeutic patient education (TPE). Results AD is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory skin diseases in SSA. Besides neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) with a dermatological presentation, AD requires closer attention from the WHO and national Departments of Health. Conclusions A roadmap has been defined with top priorities such as access to essential medicines and devices for AD care, in particular emollients, better education of primary healthcare workers for adequate triage (e.g. better educational © 2019 The Authors. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. JEADV 2019, 33, 2019–2028 This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15972 JEADV

La pathologie de la région anale englobe les affections de la marge anale, du pli interfessier et du canal anal. Les étiologies peuvent être dues à de multiples dermatoses. En Afrique subsaharienne, la prévalence de ces dermatoses anales est mal connue. Notre objectif était de décrire les aspects épidémio-cliniques et étiologiques des pathologies de la région anale. Il s’agissait d’une étude prospective descriptive et analytique, effectuée en un an dans les deux services de dermatologie et les deux plus grands services d’hépato-gastro-entérologie de Dakar. Tous les malades consentants qui consultaient pour une pathologie anale étaient inclus. L’analyse statistique était effectuée avec le logiciel Epi-info 7. Le test de Chi2 était utilisé avec un seuil de significativité à p < 0,05. Nous avons inclus 72 malades, soit une fréquence hospitalière de 0,39 %. L’âge moyen était de 35 ans. Le sex-ratio était de 1,4. La douleur anale était présente dans 43,1 % des cas et le prurit dans 36,1 %. Les étiologies étaient : les affections proctologiques communes dans 43,1 % des cas dont les hémorroïdes (30,6 %) ; les infections dans 37,5 % dont les infections sexuellement transmissibles (18 %), les intertrigos mycosiques (16,6 %) et l’actinomycose dans un cas ; les causes inflammatoires dans 19,4 % des cas ; les causes tumorales dans 2,8 %. Il existait un lien statistiquement significatif entre l’existence de douleurs, d’une constipation, et la pathologie proctologique commune ; entre l’existence de prurit et les dermatoses anales. De même, la survenue des IST était associée à la présence d’un antécédent de signe d’IST, à la pratique d’un rapport sexuel anal, et à la présence d’une fissure anale. Il y avait également une association significative entre l’intertrigo mycosique et l’existence d’une immunodépression. Le traitement étiologique et les mesures préventives ont permis une amélioration des manifestations cliniques dans 79,2 % des cas. La pathologie de la région anale est dominée par les affections proctologiques communes. Pour autant, les infections sexuellement transmissibles constituent la majorité des causes infectieuses. Quelle que soit l’étiologie, les mesures préventives sont essentielles à la prise en charge de ces affections dont les signes fonctionnels (douleur et prurit) altèrent considérablement la qualité de vie.