Positive Psychology has reconstructed how we understand happiness. The practices and discourses it presents to perform that reconceptualization appear as if free from political interest or intentionality. However, this article will show that its proposals define a subtle new form of government which we will call Psychopolitics. Instead of placing the population or the body of the citizen at the centre of political struggles, it focuses on the psyche. Through an extreme defence of positive emotions and happiness as the key to a good life, Positive Psychology promotes a type of friendly power relations, which instead of punishing motivates and empowers the individual's creativity. To illustrate all of this, we conducted a case study with a Positive Psychology training course taught in a Spanish state university. Content analysis was used to explain the recurring themes and practices of this new discipline of positivity, showing how health is redefined around the happiness axis, and how happiness becomes an individual responsibility. We conclude that all these dimensions are simply a categorical definition of a new type of power relations which may characterise the 21st century.

This paper analyses “platform urbanism” as a post-biopolitical dispositive of domination and subjectivation characteristic of the “performance societies” of the 21st century. It examines how algorithmic platforms expose citizens to new control and power relations through techno-social dispositives such as artificial intelligence (AI). The authors close with the idea that the rollout of platform urbanism is a model of “algorithmic governmentality” that fosters the advent of new practices of dissent based on “open innovation”.

The last two decades have seen an attention war play out between digital platforms, with social media as the main battleground. This has led to the development of techniques such as the hook model to capture users' attention and subconsciously direct their behaviour towards private ends. Bernard Stiegler has called this new form of governance "psychopower". Drawing on autoethnographic research, this paper presents an analysis of the social media platform BeReal, focusing on the role of the platform's environment design in capturing users' attention. Our findings show that the platform succeeds in holding users' attention through nudges and habit formation. We also found a strong link between attention capture, emotional exchange and the experience of affects.

Este artículo analiza el denominado «urbanismo de plataformas» como un dispositivo posbiopolítico de dominación y subjetivación propio de las «sociedades de rendimiento» del siglo XXI. En tal sentido, se examina cómo las plataformas algorítmicas exponen a la ciudadanía a nuevas relaciones de control y poder a través de dispositivos tecnosociales como la inteligencia artificial (IA). Los autores concluyen con la idea de que el despliegue del urbanismo de plataformas responde a un modelo de «gubernamentalidad algorítmica» que propicia el advenimiento de nuevas prácticas de disidencia basadas en la denominada «innovación abierta».

In this article we analyze the deployment of the Chilean sexuality education policy between 2009 and 2020. Methodologically, we proceed by means of a qualitative study from a symmetrical perspective, resorting to documentary analysis to interrogate a corpus composed of 38 documents of declarative, historical, normative and/or technical types that referred to the problematization, construction and/or evaluation of the Chilean sexuality education policy between the years 2009 and 2020. The results address four particular axes: the emergence of the problematization of sex education, its general functioning, the interpellations it has experienced, and the strategies that have been used to sustain it over time. By way of discussion, the hybrid character of the sexuality education policy across health and educational fields is raised. Finally, these components transcend the politics of consensus, since they not only seek to eliminate political conflicts, but also establish the idea of participation limited exclusively to freedom of choice.

SYCL standard has been released with the conviction to increase code portability in heterogeneous environments. On its side, Intel has launched the oneAPI toolkit, which includes the Data Parallel C++ language, the Intel implementation of SYCL. SYCL is designed to use a single source code to target multiple accelerators, such as multi-core CPUs, GPUs, or even FPGAs. Additionally, the C/C++ oneAPI compiler also supports OpenMP which also allows targeting CPU and GPU devices. In this paper, a performance evaluation of SYCL and OpenMP is carried out using the well-known, Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithm. Three different NMF implementations (baseline, SYCL and OpenMP) are developed to analyze the speedups on both CPU and GPU devices. Experimental results show that while on CPUs both programming models report almost the same performance, on GPUs, SYCL slightly outperforms OpenMP counterpart.

In recent years, autonomous vehicles have attracted theattention of many research groups, both in academiaand business, including researchers from leading com-panies such as Google, Uber and Tesla. This type ofvehicles are equipped with systems that are subjectto very strict requirements, essentially aimed at per-forming safe operations –both for potential passengersand pedestrians– as well as carrying out the process-ing needed for decision making in real time. In manyinstances, general-purpose processors alone cannotensure that these safety, reliability and real-time re-quirements are met, so it is common to implementheterogeneous systems by including accelerators. Thispaper explores the acceleration of a line detection ap-plication in the autonomous car environment using aheterogeneous system consisting of a general-purposeRISC-V core and a domain-specific accelerator. In par-ticular, the application is analyzed to identify the mostcomputationally intensive parts of the code and it isadapted accordingly for more efficient processing. Fur-thermore, the code is executed on the aforementionedhardware platform to verify that the execution effec-tively meets the existing requirements in autonomousvehicles, experiencing a 3.7x speedup with respect torunning without accelerator.

En este artículo se analiza el rol de la ciencia ciudadana como dispositivo postbiopolítico (psicopolitíco) de dominación y subjetivación en las prácticas científicas ciudadanas en el marco de las sociedades neoliberales del siglo XXI. En tal sentido, analiza cómo la convergencia NBIC (nano, bio, info y cogno) establece un presente histórico tecnocientífico en el que se definen nuevas articulaciones para las relaciones de control y poder. Los autores concluyen considerando que la psicopolítica se revela como un paradigma de dominación propio de las sociedades del rendimiento, que incentivará modelos de desarrollo afines a la ciencia abierta o ciudadana.

The SYCL standard was released to improve code portability across heterogeneous environments. Intel released the oneAPI toolkit, which includes the Data-Parallel C++ (DPC++) compiler which is the Intel’s SYCL implementation. SYCL is designed to use a single source code to target multiple accelerators such as: multi-core CPUs, GPUs and even FPGAs. Additionally, the C/C++ compiler provided in the oneAPI toolkit supports OpenMP which also allows targeting codes on both CPU and GPU devices. In this paper, the performance of SYCL and OpenMP is evaluated using the well-known non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm. Three different NMF implementations are developed: baseline, SYCL and OpenMP versions to analyze the acceleration on CPU and GPU. Experimental results show that while the two programming models perform almost identically on CPU, on GPU, SYCL outperforms its OpenMP counterpart slightly.

Epidemics are considered paradigmatic states of emergency and humanitarian scenarios. Thus, humanitarian conceptualizations are negotiable through the very practices appearing in this type of emergency. This paper aims to investigate this process in relation to the 2014 Ebola outbreak, an event that is considered a global threat and an intolerable humanitarian situation. We analyze how the definition of what can be understood (or not) as humanity was constructed through visual representations produced by social media. We will also discuss how the definition of humanity was negotiated through dimensions such as the spectrum of visibility, the distribution of agencies, the affections intended to provoke, and the imaginaries defined. This paper is based on an empirical semiotic analysis of hundreds of images from the 2014 Ebola epidemic and 15 focus groups and individual interviews, performed over a span of one year, discussing images from social media.

The coexistence of parallel applications in shared computing nodes, each one featuring different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, carries out new challenges to improve resource occupation while keeping acceptable rates in terms of QoS. As more application-specific and system-wide metrics are included as QoS dimensions, or under situations in which resource-usage limits are strict, building and serving the most appropriate set of actions (application control knobs and system resource assignment) to concurrent applications in an automatic and optimal fashion become mandatory. In this paper, we propose strategies to build and serve this type of knowledge to concurrent applications by leveraging Reinforcement Learning techniques. Taking multi-user video transcoding as a driving example, our experimental results reveal an excellent adaptation of resource and knob management to heterogeneous QoS requests, and increases in the amount of concurrently served users up to 1.24 × compared with alternative approaches considering homogeneous QoS requests.

Este artículo analiza la relación entre bioseguridad y subjetividad. Para ello, no se recurre a los enfoques narrativo-discursivos o a la tradición postestructuralista que define la subjetividad como pliegue, sino que se manejan las herramientas que ofrece la teoría del actor-red. En ese sentido, se proponen los conceptos de subjetivador y escenario como elementos que, respectivamente, ofrecen una conexión de tipo reflexiva y vehiculan un afecto cuando el individuo entra en conexión con ellos. Con estos recursos se presenta un estudio de caso en el que se definen tres subjetivadores típicos en las tecnologías de bioseguridad de la Unión Europea: vivir-juntos, detachment y proyección futura y un escenario caracterizado por la afección de amenaza. Plateamos que el pánico o la amenaza no son elementos que pertenezcan a una interioridad psicológica o a una realidad externa. Por el contrario, son disposiciones que se activan cuando establecemos conexiones con los mencionados subjetiviadores y/o escenarios.

Acercarse desde las lecturas de biopolíticas clásicas, para observar discrepancias que plantea la escalada del uso de nuevas tecnologías digitales en la epidemiología, permite identificar mecanismos para analizar cómo surge la permeabilidad de la membrana de lo biótico. Las propuestas basadas en la noción de "escenarios" sugieren nuevas articulaciones de sujetos y tecnologías. La transposición de los escenarios de salud pública global (como diseños estratégicos) -diseñados en las últimas décadas- en los moldes digitales (epidemiología digital) nos plantea cuestionarnos sobre la emergencia de nuevas ontologías sobre la vida. Desde los estudios de ciencia y tecnología (más específicamente de la teoría Actor-Red), se propone en el presente artículo la necesidad de replantear las lecturas tecnocientíficas a partir de tres ejes: a. bios traspuesto en datos; b. heterotopías en salud entre virtual-real; y c. los nuevos actantes que articulan sujetos y subjetividades. El análisis se plantea a partir de la triangulación de diferentes fuentes (escenarios y artículos periodísticos vinculados epidemiología; entrevistas personales y grupos focales) para observar cómo se articulan los mecanismos principales de la nueva ontología en salud, donde se reconfiguran las relaciones en la conceptualización de las políticas de salud global.

Resumen: El artículo analiza cómo la aparición del ejercicio de scenario-planning y su generalización en el mundo de la salud transforma los espacios biomédicos. En ese cambio aparecen nuevos actores, otras maneras de producir conocimiento y una definición de “lo vivo” centrada en el futuro y en una escala global. Partiendo de un bagaje centrado en los estudios de ciencia y tecnología (STS), y más concretamente en la teoría del actor-red, se presenta un análisis de caso que estudia la transformación de los modelos de salud pública (y sus respectivas escalas a nivel global) después del periodo post-“pandémico” de 2009 de gripe porcina. Examinando los múltiples escenarios que se crearon en ese momento, se analiza el despliegue de múltiples sistemas de vigilancia, que forzaron movimientos para la articulación de nuevos actores; la conformación de posibles futuros, el establecimiento de escalas globales y, en última instancia, una nueva conceptualización de lo vivo como valor para asegurar y proteger. Palabras clave: Scenario-planning, biopolítica, actores, salud global, STS Abstract: The article analyzes how the emergence of scenario-planning and its generalization in the health management area, transforms the biomedical arena. In this shift are performing new actors, the knowledge is produced by other means and appears a definition of "life" focused on the future and on a global scale. Seen from Science and Technology Studies (STS) perspective, and more concretely on Actor-Network Theory (ANT), we presented a case study that examines the transformation of public health models (and their respective scales at the global level) after the 2009 post-“pandemic” period of swine flu. Examining the multiple scenarios that were created at that time, we analyze the deployment of multiple surveillance systems, which provoked movements towards the articulation of new actors; the conformation of possible futures, the establishment of global scales and, ultimately, a new conceptualization of “life” as a value to be ensured and protected. Keywords: Scenario-planning, biopolitics, actors, global health, STS

We present a family of policies that, integrated within a runtime task scheduler (Nanox), pursue the goal of improving the energy efficiency of task-parallel executions with no intervention from the programmer. The proposed policies tackle the problem by modifying the core operating frequency via DVFS mechanisms, or by enabling/disabling the mapping of tasks to specific cores at selected execution points, depending on the internal status of the scheduler. Experimental results on an asymmetric SoC (Exynos 5422) and for a specific operation (Cholesky factorization) reveal gains up to 29% in terms of energy efficiency and considerable reductions in average power.

The article analyzes how the emergence of scenario-planning and its generalization in the health management area, transforms the biomedical arena. In this shift are performing new actors, the knowledge is produced by other means and appears a definition of "life" focused on the future and on a global scale. Seen from Science and Technology Studies (STS) perspective, and more concretely on Actor-Network Theory (ANT), we presented a case study that examines the transformation of public health models (and their respective scales at the global level) after the 2009 post-"pandemic" period of swine flu. Examining the multiple scenarios that were created at that time, we analyze the deployment of multiple surveillance systems, which provoked movements towards the articulation of new actors; the conformation of possible futures, the establishment of global scales and, ultimately, a new conceptualization of "life" as a value to be ensured and protected.

We deal with the endurance problem of Phase Change Memories (PCM) by proposing Compression for Endurance in PCM RAM (CEPRAM), a technique to elongate the lifespan of PCM-based main memory through compression. We introduce a total of three compression schemes based on already existent schemes, but targeting compression for PCM-based systems. We do a two-level evaluation. First, we quantify the performance of the compression, in terms of compressed size, bit-flips and how they are affected by errors. Next, we simulate these parameters in a statistical simulator to study how they affect the endurance of the system. Our simulation results reveal that our technique, which is built on top of Error Correcting Pointers (ECP) but using a high-performance cache-oriented compression algorithm modified to better suit our purpose, manages to further extend the lifetime of the memory system. In particular, it guarantees that at least half of the physical pages are in usable condition for 25% longer than ECP, which is slightly more than 5% more than a scheme that can correct 16 failures per block.

En pleno siglo XXI, la biomedicina y la biotecnología se han convertido en dos características fundamentales del mundo en el que vivimos. Sin duda, el autor que más se ha trabajado para analizar las repercusiones políticas de estos avances ha sido Michel Foucault a partir de su concepción del biopoder y posteriormente Nikolas Rose al hablar de ethopolítica. Nuestra propuesta afirma que las ideas de ambos sobre lo biótico se engloban en un dispositivo de gestión y administración mayor que lo convierte en una trayectoria o flujo de movimiento, al que denominamos cinepoder. Mediante un estudio de caso de los dispositivos de bioseguridad de la Unión Europea, ilustraremos las características del cinepoder y sus implicaciones sobre el bios.

Resumen El concepto de ciudadanía es seguramente, uno de los más estudiados en la historia desde una perspectiva social: desde Aristóteles y la polis griega hasta la ciudad liberal del siglo XX. En este sentido, posteriormente han emergido una serie de estudios como los de Nikolas Rose o Kezia Barker donde el énfasis es puesto en la biociencia y la biotecnología para entender al ciudadano y donde el apego a un territorio ya no es una característica importante para la ciudadanía. En este trabajo, nos adherimos a esta línea y presentaremos el concepto de ciudadanía biovigilante para enmarcar una serie de políticas, acciones y acontecimientos que rodean a la ciudad actual en un campo donde los estudios sociales no han llegado con intensidad: la biovigilancia y las prácticas de bioseguridad en nuestra vida cotidiana. Mediante un estudio de caso de material documental sobre biovigilancia, presentaremos la novedad de nuestro trabajo frente a otras propuestas como las ya mencionadas utilizando de soporte teórico el concepto de paraskeue (equipamiento) de Michel Foucault. Finalmente, discutiremos acerca de las implicaciones biopolíticas de este nuevo tipo de ciudadanía y resaltaremos la importancia del concepto de escenario en las políticas de biovigilancia.

Power consumption is emerging as one of the main concerns in the High Performance Computing (HPC) field. Many bioinformatics applications require HPC techniques and parallel architectures to meet performance requirements, but at the same time they can be severely limited by energy consumption restrictions. In this paper, we perform an empirical study of an optimized implementation of the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF), that is widely used in many fields of bioinformatics. We target different types of architectures, including general-purpose, low-power embedded processors and specific-purpose architectures like graphics processors and digital signal processors. From our study, we gain insights in both performance and energy consumption for each one of them under given experimental conditions, and conclude that the most appropriate architecture is usually a trade-off between performance and power consumption for a given experiment and dataset.