ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Anethum graveolens L. (Apiaceae), commonly known as "zareaat el besbas" in Algeria, is traditionally utilized in both traditional and modern Algerian medicine for its therapeutic properties. AIM OF THE STUDY:To analyze the chemical composition of the ethanolic crude extract (CrdE) from A. graveolens seeds and evaluate its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The CrdE was analyzed for its total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was used to identify the predominant bioactive compounds. In vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH•, OH•, H2O2, and NO• scavenging assays, lipid peroxidation inhibition, iron chelation, and ferric reducing power assays. Acute toxicity was assessed following the administration of CrdE at 5 g/kg. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was tested using xylene-induced and carrageenan-induced edema models at a dose of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/kg. RESULTS:The CrdE contained significant levels of total polyphenols (26.33 ± 0.87 μg GAE/mg) and flavonoids (3.02 ± 0.03 μg QE/mg). HPLC-DAD analysis identified kaempferol (294.42 μg/g), chlorogenic acid (264.71 μg/g), and rutin (144.68 μg/g) as major bioactive compounds. The extract exhibited significant antioxidant potential across various assays, effectively scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and demonstrating metal chelation and ferric reducing capabilities. The acute toxicity study revealed no adverse effects at the administered dose. In vivo, CrdE significantly reduced edema in xylene-induced (74 %) and carrageenan-induced (83.55 %) inflammation models. CONCLUSIONS:A. graveolens seeds are a rich source of bioactive compounds with notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting their traditional medicinal use.

Pistacia atlantica is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases in Algeria. This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant potential and antibacterial properties of fruit extracts. The results indicated various amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids in different extracts. Quercetin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and methyl gallate were the dominant constituents in the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and crude extract (CrE) quantified by HPLC-DAD. EAE was the most active in scavenging DPPH and hydroxyl (OH.) radicals, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), reducing power and total antioxidant capacity. All extracts have the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation. A broad spectrum of antibacterial effects (10.66 to 29.33 mm) was obtained. In addition, the time-kill assay and the MBC/MIC ratio indicated that all extracts were bactericidal against most of the test bacteria and their combination with antibiotics showed remarkable synergistic effect. The findings of this study suggest that medicinal plant is a potential source of natural antioxidant and antibacterial compounds, which could be used where these kind of activities are warranted.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Durieu (Apiaceae) is traditionally used in southern Algeria as a remedy against a wide range of disease due to its health-promoting properties.AIM OF THE STUDY:To investigate anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of plant methanolic extract and its fractions in vitro and in vivo.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Anti-radical activity was assessed in vitro using ABTS•+, superoxide anion (O2•-) and nitric oxide radical (•NO). Lipid peroxidation inhibition was also investigated in the linoleic acid system. Enzyme inhibition assay was performed against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The anti-inflammatory effect of extracts was screened in vitro through thermal induction of human serum albumin, and in vivo on a skin acute inflammation model induced by λ-carrageenan paw injection, xylene and croton oil topical application. Analgesic effect was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing test.RESULTS:The highest contents of polyphenols and flavonoids was recorded by the crude extract (77.14 ± 0.01 μg GAE/mg E and 19.59 ± 0.08 μg QE/mg E, respectively). Among the extracts, ethyl acetate extract showed a promising anti-radical activity of ABTS•+, O2•- and •NO, in addition to a remarkable inhibition activity of the tested enzymes. Meanwhile, all extracts effectively protected linoleic acid against lipid peroxidation and human serum albumin structure in thermal condition even at low concentration (0.31 mg/ml). Oral administration of 200 mg/kg of crude extract successfully inhibited acetic acid induced nociception and reduced edema formation induced by xylene and carrageenan. However, a dose-dependent manner was observed to decrease ear edema by a microscopic examination in croton oil induced acute inflammation. Nitrite and malondialdehyde levels together with catalase activity were modulated in the presence of plant-derived bioactive compounds.CONCLUSIONS:This study showed that Ammodaucus leucotrichus is potentially rich source of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott extracts. Results showed that the total phenols and flavonoids contents of the extracts ranged from 24.57 to 316.11 mg GAE/g and from 1.80 to 12.41μg QE/mg, respectively. Ethyl acetate (EaES) and aqueous (AqES) extracts from seeds showed the highest DPPH scavenging capacity (IC50= 5.51 and 23.43 μg/mL). EaES from seeds, stem bark and fruit pod were the most active in inhibiting β-carotene oxidation. While, aqueous extracts have the ability to chelate ferrous ions. Significant antibacterial activity was obtained against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa; and inhibition zones varied between 10 to 29.5 mm. MIC and MBC ranged from 0.7–11.25 mg/mL and 5.63–22.5 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, synergistic effects were obtained, where inhibition zones varied between 7 and 50 mm. These results support the use of this species in traditional medicine in many physiological disorders and could be used where antioxidant and antibacterial are warranted.

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of some flavonoids isolated from Varthemia iphionoids aqueous methanol extract.Methods: A portion (330 g) of the aqueous methanol extract of Varthemia iphionoids was adsorbed onto 200 g of S silica gel (70 - 230 mesh) and then loaded onto a column of S silica gel (70 - 230 mesh, 100 g). The column was packed with chloroform and eluted with chloroform-methanol mixtures of increasing polarity. Column chromatography purification (silica gel, 400 mesh) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) or recrystallization yielded 5 compounds subsequently identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS).Results: The antioxidant activities of five identified flavonoids: Kumatakillin (1), Penduletin (2), Jeceidine (3), 6-Methoxy isokaemfride (4), and 3,3’-Di-O-methyl quercetin (5) were determined. The results indicated that compound 3 exhibited the best scavenging activity against DPPH radical and H2O2 comparable to that of quercetin as standard. All compounds had the ability to prevent the oxidation of β- carotene. In anti-hemolytic assay, the five compounds gave HT50 higher than vitamin C. The best protection activity of erythrocytes membrane was recorded with compound 2 (HT50 = 60.14 ± 0.72 min). Moreover, all compounds had significantly increased blood clotting time, and among them, compounds 1, 2, and 3 exhibited significantly increased thrombolytic activity compared to the control (***p < 0.001).Conclusion: These results indicate that Varthemia iphionoids has good antioxidant activities but further studies on the plant extract are required.

There is an increasing interest in medicinal plants to find natural remedies relatively safer than synthetic alternatives. The present study reports the evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of crude extract (CrE), hexane (HeE), ethyl acetate (EAE) and aqueous (AqE) fractions of Aristolochia clematitis. The polyphenol and flavonoid content were determined and varied from 15.77 ± 0.28 to 93.62 ± 1.63 mg EGA/g, and 5.71 ± 0.1 to 13.53 ± 0.15 µg EQ/mg, respectively. Crude extract (CrE) and ethyl acetate (EaE) showed the highest scavenging activity of DPPH radicals (IC50 = 50.66 ± 1.41 and 69.57 ± 0.38 µg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 = 0.894 ± 0.042 and 0.905 ± 0.890 mg/mL), reducing power (113.85 ± 0.5 and 82.45 ± 0.13 mg/mL) and the ability to inhibit β-carotene oxidation (76.13 ± 0.93, 69.18 ± .95 %). All extracts have the ability to protect red blood cells from AAPH peroxyl radicals and significantly increase hemolysis time compared to vitamin C. Tested on normal human plasma at a concentration of 50 and 100 mg/mL, these extract prolonged prothrombin (PT) and partial thromboplastin (aPTT) times. In addition, CrE tested at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg, showedpotent antinociceptive effect (40.68 ± 3.84 and 66.61 ± 4.71%) and anti-inflammatory activity (65.71 ± 1.41 and 63.89 ± 2.17%). The results support the use of this plant in traditional medicine and suggest that it may contain phytochemicals that have the potential to be active agents as antioxidants, anticoagulants and analgesics.

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic potentials of different extracts from Ammodaucus leucotrichus seeds through various in vitro antioxidant assays.Methods: Seeds of Ammodaucus leucotrichus were subjected to liquid-liquid scale extraction using solvents of varying polarities. Polyphenols and flavonoids were evaluated in these extracts using colorimetric methods. Antioxidant potential was investigated through established in vitro assays including free radical scavenging potency against DPPH, & beta;-carotene bleaching assay for lipid peroxidation, chelating, and transition metal reducing assays. Antihemolytic, antithrombotic, and anticoagulant activities were also determined.Results: Maximum amount of total phenolics and flavonoids were recorded in crude extract (CrE). Ethyl acetate extract (EAE) possessed the highest scavenging activity against DPPH radical (p < 0.05) while the aqueous extract showed significant ferrous ion chelation among the extracts with EC50 equal to 0.883 & PLUSMN; 0.019 mg/mL. EAE exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in & beta;-carotene/linoleic acid (81.99 & PLUSMN; 2.942 %), and ferric reducing (EC50 = 0.116 & PLUSMN; 0.002 mg/mL) assays. The 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) oxidative action revealed that the extracts protected the erythrocyte membrane from hemolysis. Moreover, EAE and chloroform extract (ChE) increased clotting time while only EAE and CrE caused a high percentage of clot lysis when added to blood samples.Conclusion: Ammodaucus leucotrichus is a promising source of natural antioxidants, as all extracts possess significant antioxidant activities irrespective of solvent polarities.

In the course of our phytochemical studies of plant Tamus communis L., methanol soluble extract (EMeOH) (138 g) was chromatographed on a silica gel column. The column was eluted with chloroform and then with chloroform /methanol mixtures of increasing polarity. A total of 52 fractions (400 ml each) were collected and grouped according to their TLC behaviour into 6 main fractions (I-VI). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in these extracts were determined by a colorimetric method. Values varied between 73.143±0.009 and 29.214±0.003 equivalent Gallic acid/g lyophilisate. All the extracts showed inhibitory properties on xanthine oxidase, the IC50 ranges from 0.029±0.017 mg/ml to 0.237±0.026 mg/ml. The extracts exhibited an additional superoxide scavenging capacity by using both enzymatic methods and IC50 values ​​range from 0.039±0.023 mg/ml to 0.141±0.086 mg/ml. These results show that Tamus communis L. extracts have strong anti-oxidant effects and may have some clinical benefits. Keywords: Xanthine oxidase, Antioxidant, Superoxide scavenger, Tamus communis L.

This study aims to evaluate the in-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant activity of different extracts prepared from the aerial parts of Arthrophytum scoparium. Polyphenols flavonoids and tannins contents were determined. The acute toxicity of ASE was carried out based on OECD during two weeks to ascertain the LD50. In sub-acute toxicity, a 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day extract was orally administrated for 21 days consecutively. The results showed that decoction extract (DEC) was the richest fractions in Polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins content (23.29 mg/GAE, 99.77 mg/QE and 113.33 mg/TAE), respectively. Arthrophytum scoparium hvdromethanolic extract (ASE) had the strongest antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays with an IC50 of 0.045 and 0.0017 mg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the beta-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay showed that ethyl acetate extract (EAE) had the highest inhibiting activity (83.29%). Furthermore, all A. scoparium fractions exhibited a good ferric reducing power. The administrated doses did not undergo changes in general behavior, toxicity or mortality of the tested mice. The LD50 was found to be superior to 5 g/kg. Daily administration of ASE leads to an increase in GSH level and decreasing the lipid peroxidation in the liver. In-vivo, ASE showed a strong scavenging effect on DPPH and reducing power. In conclusion, A. scoparium extracts exhibited considerable antioxidant effects in-vitro and in-vivo. These findings support the traditional use of this plant as an anti-inflammatory in therapeutics.

Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Setif, Setif 1, Algeria Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases, Faculty ofNature and Life Sciences, University Setif 1, Setif, Algeria

The present work concerns a phytochemical study of Urginea maritima L. from Algeria, and an evaluation of antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract (UMME) and its chromatographic fractions. UMME was fractionated using open glass chromatography on silica gel and antioxidant effects were evaluated using DPPH and β-carotene/linoleate assays. The phytochemical screening revealed that the bulb of plant contains flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, reducing compounds, anthraquinones combined, anthocyanins, mucilage, triterpenes and steroids. DPPH method showed that the UMME has a scavenger effect on radical DPPH with an IC50=57.83±1.59µg/ml. The fractions isolated from U. maritima (L.) presented an IC50 ranging between 499.23 and 39.68µg/ml. In β-carotene/linoleate test, UMME and fractions give an I% =69.56±0.08% and between 31.29±0.49% and 90.79±0.29%, respectively. UMME showed a high inhibitory effect on the xanthine oxidase (IC50=0.67±0.01 mg/ml) and on the cytochrome c reduction (IC50=0.68 mg/ml). Wide range of phytochemical constituents in Urginea maritima were detected in methanolic extract which exhibited antioxidant and antibacterial activity. This plant could serve as pilot for the development of novel agents for pathological disorders.

Object: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of Tamus communis L. (T .communis) roots. This plant is used in folk medicine in the treatment of rheumatism, arthritis and lumbago. Methods: The extraction of polyphenols has been followed by the determination of total polyphenols and flavonoids. The methanol extract (MeOHE) was chromatographied on a silica gel column. The column was eluted with chloroform and then with chloroform /methanol mixtures of increasing polarity, 6 main fractions (FI--FVI)) were collected and grouped according to their TLC (Thin layer chromatography). Several methods were used to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity such as DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy), bleaching of β-carotene for 24 hours, lipid peroxidation and anti-hemolytic activity. An in vivo approach was carried out on mice treated with CE (crud extract) at a dose of 100 mg / Kg / day for 21 consecutive days, and one group was treated with vitamin C (Vit C 50 mg/kg) as a standard drug. To determine the improvement of antioxidant potential, basic biochemical parameters were used in tissue (liver), plasma and whole blood. Results: The results showed that the highest level of polyphenols was recorded in FII (73.143±0.009 mg GA-Eq/g extract (Gallic Acid Equivalent)) / g of extract) followed by MeOHE (69.786±0.10 mg GA-Eq/g extract). Total flavonoid contents of extracts / fractions showed that MeOHE contains the highest level. Inhibition of DPPH radical showed that MeOHE (0.1187 ± 0.025 mg / ml) and CE (0.2363 ± 0.019 mg / ml) have the most efficient antioxidant activity. All the extracts were capable of inhibiting the bleaching of β-carotene by scavenging linoleate derived free radicals, and all the studied extracts have a very important antihemolytic activity (p<0.001) and revealed an extension of hemolysis half time from 70.34±2.15 min of CTL (AAPH (2,2-azo- bis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride)) and 207 ± 5.65 min for FI. The in vivo assay was exhibited a significant decrease (54.09%) of the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and increased glutathione (GSH) and catalase (47.30% and 46.87% respectively). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the extract obtained from T. communis have active substances contributing to the increase in natural antioxidant potential.

In this investigation, the screening of two furanocoumarins; 5,8- dimethoxypsoralen (1) and heraclinin (2), isolated from the methanol root-extracts of Tamus communis L for their antioxidant activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect was carried out, using different assays such as DPPH free radical scavenging effect, β- carotene / linoleic acid, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition and in addition to blood total antioxidant capacity. Results revealed that the two compounds have significant DPPH radical scavenging activity and effective inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation in a dose-dependent manner; 5,8-dimethoxypsoralen exhibited the highest activity with an I% = 72.69 ± 1.88%. These results indicate that the isolated compounds inhibit xanthine oxidase activity and scavenge superoxide radicals with heraclinin (2) as the more potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and 5,8-dimethoxypsoralen (1) as the more effective on cytochrome c reduction, the two tested compounds can effectively protect erythrocytes against hemolytic injury induced by AAPH. These results are promising for further studies of the biological and pathological effects of these natural products.