ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Medicinal plants remain an important source of therapeutic agents in traditional medicine. Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC. (U. horizontalis) is traditionally used in Mediterranean folk medicine as a cicatrizing agent for wound healing and for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and pain. However, its phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties remain largely unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY:This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of aerial parts of U. horizontalis and to evaluate their antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities in order to provide scientific evidence supporting its traditional uses. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Leaves and stems were extracted and fractionated using different solvents. Phytochemical characterization was performed using total phenolic and flavonoid content determination and GC-MS analysis. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH scavenging, ABTS scavenging, reducing power, and phenanthroline assays. Analgesic activity was assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice, while anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the xylene-induced ear edema model. Neuroprotective potential was investigated through acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition assays. RESULTS:Stem crude extract (SCrE) showed the highest phenolic (209.37 ± 7.98 μg GAE/mg) and flavonoid (87.42 ± 1.72 μg QE/mg) contents. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several terpenoid-related constituents. Antioxidant activity varied according to plant part and solvent, with leaf ethyl acetate extract (LEAE) exhibiting the strongest DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 6.46 ± 0.22 μg/mL), while stem aqueous extract (SAqE) was most active in the ABTS scavenging assay (IC50 = 4.67 ± 0.84 μg/mL). The SCrE also demonstrated strong reducing power and phenanthroline activity (CA0.5 = 12.67 ± 0.91 and 4.96 ± 0.28 μg/mL, respectively). In vivo assays revealed significant analgesic activity in the acetic acid-induced writhing model, with SCrE producing 87.37% inhibition at 500 mg/kg. LCrE also showed marked anti-inflammatory activity, completely inhibiting xylene-induced ear edema (100% inhibition) at 250 mg/kg. Furthermore, SCrE exhibited AChE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 33.72 ± 1.99 μg/mL), approaching the activity of galantamine (p = 0.9945), while SEAE showed strong BChE inhibition (IC50 = 3.14 ± 0.55 μg/mL), significantly higher than galantamine (p < 0.0001). Correlation analysis suggested that phenolic compounds mainly contributed to antioxidant activity, while other metabolites likely underlie enzyme inhibition. CONCLUSION:The pronounced biological activities of U. horizontalis are likely attributed to its high polyphenol and flavonoid content, supporting its traditional medicinal uses. Future research should focus on isolating the active compounds, elucidating their molecular mechanisms, and assessing safety and pharmacokinetics to explore potential therapeutic applications.

This study investigated the in vitro antioxidant and anti-hemolytic activities of the crude extract (CrE) of Reichardia picroides L. (R. picroides) and its fractions, and aimed to isolate and structurally characterise a bioactive compound supported by computational analysis, including molecular docking on α-glucosidase. This study investigated the in vitro antioxidant and anti-hemolytic activities of R. picroides extract and its fractions. A bioactive compound, luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside, was isolated and structurally characterized by NMR spectroscopy. In silico study included molecular docking and ADME evaluation. The ethyl acetate extract (EAE) exhibited the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents and showed pronounced antioxidant and anti-hemolytic activities. EAE significantly prolonged HT₅₀ compared with the control. Molecular docking analysis suggested favorable binding interactions between luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside and α-glucosidase. The DFT and ADME analyses indicated favorable pharmacokinetic properties, although experimental validation is required. The findings provide preliminary evidence that R. picroides contains bioactive constituents with antioxidant and membrane-protective properties. The isolated luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside may contribute to the observed activities. However, further in vivo and mechanistic studies are required to confirm the biological relevance of these effects.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Anethum graveolens L. (Apiaceae), commonly known as "zareaat el besbas" in Algeria, is traditionally utilized in both traditional and modern Algerian medicine for its therapeutic properties. AIM OF THE STUDY:To analyze the chemical composition of the ethanolic crude extract (CrdE) from A. graveolens seeds and evaluate its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The CrdE was analyzed for its total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was used to identify the predominant bioactive compounds. In vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH•, OH•, H2O2, and NO• scavenging assays, lipid peroxidation inhibition, iron chelation, and ferric reducing power assays. Acute toxicity was assessed following the administration of CrdE at 5 g/kg. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was tested using xylene-induced and carrageenan-induced edema models at a dose of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/kg. RESULTS:The CrdE contained significant levels of total polyphenols (26.33 ± 0.87 μg GAE/mg) and flavonoids (3.02 ± 0.03 μg QE/mg). HPLC-DAD analysis identified kaempferol (294.42 μg/g), chlorogenic acid (264.71 μg/g), and rutin (144.68 μg/g) as major bioactive compounds. The extract exhibited significant antioxidant potential across various assays, effectively scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and demonstrating metal chelation and ferric reducing capabilities. The acute toxicity study revealed no adverse effects at the administered dose. In vivo, CrdE significantly reduced edema in xylene-induced (74 %) and carrageenan-induced (83.55 %) inflammation models. CONCLUSIONS:A. graveolens seeds are a rich source of bioactive compounds with notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting their traditional medicinal use.

This study evaluates the multifunctional properties of phenolic fractions from Thymus vulgaris, focusing on antioxidant, antibacterial, and corrosion inhibition activities. Extracts were prepared using organic solvents, and the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu and FeCl3 spectrophotometric methods, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using the FRAP assay, beta-carotene-linoleate bleaching test, and an enzymatic method. Antibacterial activity was tested via the disc diffusion method, and corrosion inhibition was analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarization techniques on X48 carbon steel in 1 M HCl. The methanolic extract (MetE) displayed the highest polyphenol (270.90 f 1.19 mu g GAE/mg) and flavonoid (21.92 f 1.14 mu g QE/mg) contents, with superior antioxidant activity, achieving 92.52 % inhibition in the beta-carotene-linoleate test, 3941.35 f 137.08 mu g/ml in the FRAP assay, and IC50 = 0.296 f 0.038 mg/ml for XO inhibition. Antibacterial assays revealed significant activity against Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria, while MetE achieved 94.97 % corrosion inhibition efficiency at 12.5 mg/ ml. These findings highlight T. vulgaris as a rich source of bioactive compounds with applications in health, pharmaceuticals, and industry. This study demonstrates the potential of T. vulgaris as a sustainable, eco-friendly alternative for combating oxidative stress, bacterial infections, and corrosion.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Durieu (Apiaceae) is traditionally used in southern Algeria as a remedy against a wide range of disease due to its health-promoting properties.AIM OF THE STUDY:To investigate anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of plant methanolic extract and its fractions in vitro and in vivo.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Anti-radical activity was assessed in vitro using ABTS•+, superoxide anion (O2•-) and nitric oxide radical (•NO). Lipid peroxidation inhibition was also investigated in the linoleic acid system. Enzyme inhibition assay was performed against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The anti-inflammatory effect of extracts was screened in vitro through thermal induction of human serum albumin, and in vivo on a skin acute inflammation model induced by λ-carrageenan paw injection, xylene and croton oil topical application. Analgesic effect was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing test.RESULTS:The highest contents of polyphenols and flavonoids was recorded by the crude extract (77.14 ± 0.01 μg GAE/mg E and 19.59 ± 0.08 μg QE/mg E, respectively). Among the extracts, ethyl acetate extract showed a promising anti-radical activity of ABTS•+, O2•- and •NO, in addition to a remarkable inhibition activity of the tested enzymes. Meanwhile, all extracts effectively protected linoleic acid against lipid peroxidation and human serum albumin structure in thermal condition even at low concentration (0.31 mg/ml). Oral administration of 200 mg/kg of crude extract successfully inhibited acetic acid induced nociception and reduced edema formation induced by xylene and carrageenan. However, a dose-dependent manner was observed to decrease ear edema by a microscopic examination in croton oil induced acute inflammation. Nitrite and malondialdehyde levels together with catalase activity were modulated in the presence of plant-derived bioactive compounds.CONCLUSIONS:This study showed that Ammodaucus leucotrichus is potentially rich source of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds.

This study assessed the efficacy of an Ammodaucus leucotrichus seed extract to treat rheumatoid arthritis in rat models of this disease. Rheumatoid arthritis was induced in rats using two methods: immunization with 100 µL of Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA) and immunization with 100 µL of a 3 mg/ml solution of type II collagen (CII) from chicken cartilage. The therapeutic potential of the extract was assessed at different doses (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg/day for 21 days in the CII-induced arthritis model and for 14 days in the CFA-induced arthritis model) and compared with methotrexate (MTX; 0.2 mg/kg for the same periods), a commonly used drug for rheumatoid arthritis treatment in humans. In both models (CII-induced arthritis and CFA-induced arthritis), walking distance, step length, intra-step distance and footprint area were improved following treatment with the A. leucotrichus seed extract (all concentrations) and MTX compared with untreated animals. Both treatments increased the serum concentration of glutathione and reduced that of complement C3, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase. Radiographic data and histological analysis indicated that cartilage destruction was reduced already with the lowest dose of the extract (100 mg/kg/dose) in both models. These results show the substantial antiarthritic potential of the A. leucotrichus seed extract, even at the lowest dose, suggesting that it may be a promising alternative therapy for rheumatoid arthritis and joint inflammation. They also emphasize its efficacy at various doses, providing impetus for more research on this extract as a potential therapeutic agent for arthritis.

Seeds of Peganum harmala L. have been traditionally used in Algerian medicine. This study investigates whether the antioxidant, antihemolytic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Peganum harmala extracts (PHE) are attributed to polyphenolic compounds, which are abundant in methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts. Extraction and fractionation of polyphenols involved solvents with different polarities, resulting in a crude extract (CrE), a chloroform extract (CHE), and an ethyl acetate extract (EAE). The antioxidant potential of CrE and its fractions was assessed using the ferrothiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assays. The inhibition of mice erythrocyte hemolysis was evaluated for methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts in the presence of the oxidant (AAPH). PMA-induced mouse ear edema was used as an in vivo model for inflammation. The FTC assay demonstrated the strong antioxidant effect of CrE (87.64 +/- 0.003%). EAE showed potent antioxidant activity with low MDA absorption levels. Assessment of antihemolytic effects against AAPH-induced oxidative hemolysis revealed significant protective effects of CrE and EAE, with EAE showing the most pronounced effect. In the in vivo model, CrE (100 mg/kg) exhibited substantial anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting the ear edema. Computational analyses using molecular docking simulations showed that chlorogenic acid, hesperetin, and rutin have promising potential as inhibitors of COX-2 protein, which is a key component in inflammatory pathways. This study highlights the potent antioxidant properties of P. harmala, particularly in CrE, and its anti-inflammatory effects. The bioactive compounds, such as chlorogenic acid, hesperetin, and rutin, exhibit potential as antiinflammatory agents. P. harmala could be a valuable natural source for potential medical applications, suggesting the need for further exploration in medical treatments.

This study involved the investigation of polyphenol and flavonoid content, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Hyoscyamus albus extracts. Four sub-fractions were obtained by successive extraction by using methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. The extracts' yields were counted and the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) were assessed via spectrophotometric methods. The extracts' antioxidant activity was investigated by using DPPH test, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Hydroxyl radical scavenging potency and β-Carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay. The antimicrobial potential was valued against 08 strains of pathogenic bacteria and yeast. The results revealed that the CrE yielded the highest extracted value (13,34%) and the lowest percentage yield was that of EAE (1.46%). Interestingly, the EAE gave higher amounts of polyphenols (186.55 mg GAEq/gE), whereas the ChE showed the lowest content (45.19mg GAEq/gE). Notably, both the EAE and ChE fractions contained the highest levels of flavonoids, correlating with their antioxidant activity. Specifically, the EAE displayed the highest DPPH scavenging activity (p<0.001) with IC50 of 21μg/ml and revealed the strongest total antioxidant capacity (EC50 = 50μg/ml). While the CrE is regarded as an excellent OH quencher with a weaker IC50 close to the synthetic reference standard (p<0.001). However, ChE showed greater inhibition of β-carotene bleaching and impeded linoleic acid oxidation. Furthermore, the tested extracts exhibited different degrees of antimicrobial activity. The EAE was the only extract that proved effective against the yeast (Candida albicans). The current study confirmed the important antioxidant action, as well as the significant antimicrobial effects of Hyoscyamus albus extracts. These findings firmly underpin the traditional applications of this herb for treating ailments and infection, and could in fact be a source of natural antioxidant, and antibacterial compounds.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott extracts. Results showed that the total phenols and flavonoids contents of the extracts ranged from 24.57 to 316.11 mg GAE/g and from 1.80 to 12.41μg QE/mg, respectively. Ethyl acetate (EaES) and aqueous (AqES) extracts from seeds showed the highest DPPH scavenging capacity (IC50= 5.51 and 23.43 μg/mL). EaES from seeds, stem bark and fruit pod were the most active in inhibiting β-carotene oxidation. While, aqueous extracts have the ability to chelate ferrous ions. Significant antibacterial activity was obtained against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa; and inhibition zones varied between 10 to 29.5 mm. MIC and MBC ranged from 0.7–11.25 mg/mL and 5.63–22.5 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, synergistic effects were obtained, where inhibition zones varied between 7 and 50 mm. These results support the use of this species in traditional medicine in many physiological disorders and could be used where antioxidant and antibacterial are warranted.

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of some flavonoids isolated from Varthemia iphionoids aqueous methanol extract.Methods: A portion (330 g) of the aqueous methanol extract of Varthemia iphionoids was adsorbed onto 200 g of S silica gel (70 - 230 mesh) and then loaded onto a column of S silica gel (70 - 230 mesh, 100 g). The column was packed with chloroform and eluted with chloroform-methanol mixtures of increasing polarity. Column chromatography purification (silica gel, 400 mesh) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) or recrystallization yielded 5 compounds subsequently identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS).Results: The antioxidant activities of five identified flavonoids: Kumatakillin (1), Penduletin (2), Jeceidine (3), 6-Methoxy isokaemfride (4), and 3,3’-Di-O-methyl quercetin (5) were determined. The results indicated that compound 3 exhibited the best scavenging activity against DPPH radical and H2O2 comparable to that of quercetin as standard. All compounds had the ability to prevent the oxidation of β- carotene. In anti-hemolytic assay, the five compounds gave HT50 higher than vitamin C. The best protection activity of erythrocytes membrane was recorded with compound 2 (HT50 = 60.14 ± 0.72 min). Moreover, all compounds had significantly increased blood clotting time, and among them, compounds 1, 2, and 3 exhibited significantly increased thrombolytic activity compared to the control (***p < 0.001).Conclusion: These results indicate that Varthemia iphionoids has good antioxidant activities but further studies on the plant extract are required.

There is an increasing interest in medicinal plants to find natural remedies relatively safer than synthetic alternatives. The present study reports the evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of crude extract (CrE), hexane (HeE), ethyl acetate (EAE) and aqueous (AqE) fractions of Aristolochia clematitis. The polyphenol and flavonoid content were determined and varied from 15.77 ± 0.28 to 93.62 ± 1.63 mg EGA/g, and 5.71 ± 0.1 to 13.53 ± 0.15 µg EQ/mg, respectively. Crude extract (CrE) and ethyl acetate (EaE) showed the highest scavenging activity of DPPH radicals (IC50 = 50.66 ± 1.41 and 69.57 ± 0.38 µg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 = 0.894 ± 0.042 and 0.905 ± 0.890 mg/mL), reducing power (113.85 ± 0.5 and 82.45 ± 0.13 mg/mL) and the ability to inhibit β-carotene oxidation (76.13 ± 0.93, 69.18 ± .95 %). All extracts have the ability to protect red blood cells from AAPH peroxyl radicals and significantly increase hemolysis time compared to vitamin C. Tested on normal human plasma at a concentration of 50 and 100 mg/mL, these extract prolonged prothrombin (PT) and partial thromboplastin (aPTT) times. In addition, CrE tested at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg, showedpotent antinociceptive effect (40.68 ± 3.84 and 66.61 ± 4.71%) and anti-inflammatory activity (65.71 ± 1.41 and 63.89 ± 2.17%). The results support the use of this plant in traditional medicine and suggest that it may contain phytochemicals that have the potential to be active agents as antioxidants, anticoagulants and analgesics.

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic potentials of different extracts from Ammodaucus leucotrichus seeds through various in vitro antioxidant assays.Methods: Seeds of Ammodaucus leucotrichus were subjected to liquid-liquid scale extraction using solvents of varying polarities. Polyphenols and flavonoids were evaluated in these extracts using colorimetric methods. Antioxidant potential was investigated through established in vitro assays including free radical scavenging potency against DPPH, & beta;-carotene bleaching assay for lipid peroxidation, chelating, and transition metal reducing assays. Antihemolytic, antithrombotic, and anticoagulant activities were also determined.Results: Maximum amount of total phenolics and flavonoids were recorded in crude extract (CrE). Ethyl acetate extract (EAE) possessed the highest scavenging activity against DPPH radical (p < 0.05) while the aqueous extract showed significant ferrous ion chelation among the extracts with EC50 equal to 0.883 & PLUSMN; 0.019 mg/mL. EAE exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in & beta;-carotene/linoleic acid (81.99 & PLUSMN; 2.942 %), and ferric reducing (EC50 = 0.116 & PLUSMN; 0.002 mg/mL) assays. The 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) oxidative action revealed that the extracts protected the erythrocyte membrane from hemolysis. Moreover, EAE and chloroform extract (ChE) increased clotting time while only EAE and CrE caused a high percentage of clot lysis when added to blood samples.Conclusion: Ammodaucus leucotrichus is a promising source of natural antioxidants, as all extracts possess significant antioxidant activities irrespective of solvent polarities.

Thymus algeriensis Reut & Boiss is an essential oil-bearing plant widely used in traditional medicine to treat digestive system disorders and numerous inflammatory diseases. The current work was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of this species and its safety. Using in vivo models, the anti-inflammatory activity was examined by xylene-induced ear inflammation and the acute toxicity of T. algeriensis essential oil was orally tested at a limit dose of 2000 mg/kg bw. The essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatogra-phy coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and its antioxidant activity was also investigated in vitro. Molec-ular docking studies were performed to assess the binding efficiency of the essential oil major compounds with key inflammatory enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 and phospholipase-A2. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil revealed the presence of 33 terpenoids, with a-terpineol (19%), linal-ool (13%), geranyl acetate (12%), and methyl eugenol (8%) as major compounds. The essential oil exhibited substantial antioxidant activity and showed anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the xylene induced ear edema by 58% at 600 mg/ kg bw. Finally, T. algeriensis essential oil presented low toxicity with a median lethal dose (LD50) higher than 2000 mg/kg bw. Molecular docking analysis and ADMET (Absorption, diges-tion, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties revealed that the major compounds of T. algeriensis essential oil can be considered as lead candidates for the inhibition of both phospholipase-A2 and cyclooxy-genase-2, with geranyl acetate as the best inhibitor against both targets. The potential anti-inflammatory effect combined with the relative safety of T. algeriensis essential oil makes it a good source of possible new anti-inflammatory agents.(c) 2023 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Heavy metals (HM) are essential for living cells to maintain their equilibrium. This survey focuses on the problem of medicinal plant contamination due to environmental pollution produced by many different industrial activities and the atmospheric deposition of some toxic compounds. This analysis is important since plants can easily absorb organic and inorganic compounds from all environmental compartments (water, soil, air), which can enter and be transferred in the trophic chain, up to humans. Medicinal plants are relevant for a study about their interactions with different contaminants, in particular those inorganic persistent as HM, because they are used in the entire world for their beneficial properties and represent a significant part of traditional medicine. This review was undertaken to give readers a comprehensive understanding of chemical contaminants, such as HM, which are significant and frequent pollutants of herbal medicines and pose considerable health concerns to the human body. The information was obtained from several sources to figure out the levels of HM in three traditional medicinal plants used in Algeria’s Setif region. The gathered data demonstrated that Zygophyllum species, Mentha longifolia, and Thymus vulgaris accumulate higher quantities of HM when cultivated in polluted soil as opposed to unpolluted soil. The data’s conclusions imply that these plants contained different hazardous concentrations of HM over the World Health Organization’s allowable limits. Rational herb consumption is necessary for a healthy diet. However, the exact mechanisms through which this HM affect human health are not well understood.

Equisetum arvense, a medicinal plant belonging to the family of Equisetaceae, is used in the fight against infectious or inflammatory diseases. The aim of this research was to assess the acute oral toxicity, to identify some phenolic acids and flavonoids by HPLC analysis, and to evaluate the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory activities of E. arvense methanol extract (EAME) and aqueous (EAQE) extracts. The acute toxicity study was carried out using Swiss albino mice. Animals were observed during 14 days and signs of toxicity were controlled, afterwards, mice were sacrificed for biochemical studies. HPLC method was used to analyze E. arvense extracts. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH, reducing power, free hydroxyl radicals assays and antihemolytic activity. Xylene-induced ear edema in mice and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity. Formaldehyde-induced paw edema was used to assess anti-arthritic effect of extracts. In the acute toxicity study, both extracts did not engender any mortality or changes in general behaviors of tested animals. The LD50 was found to be superior to 5000 mg/kg DW. Extracts, rich in polyphenols and/or flavonoids, showed high antioxidant activity. Both extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects on animal models. These results revealed that E. arvense extracts can be a valuable source of phenolic compounds and flavonoids with powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Background: Peganum harmala L. is a medicinal herbal plant widely used in traditional medicine in various countries, especially in Algeria. This study aimed to carry out the extraction of P. harmala seeds and to evaluate the antioxidant and antihemolytic potentials of 100 mg/kg methanol extract in plasma, blood, and liver of Swiss albino mice. Methods: The antioxidant capacity of the plasma samples was performed using free radical scavenging (DPPH assay) and reducing power activities. However, the antihemolytic effect of methanol extract was measured in the blood induced by tBH. The biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated in liver tissues by measuring the activity of catalase enzyme (CAT), and the level of GSH and MDA products. Results: The results showed that 100 mg/kg of MOHE did not show any significant changes in plasma antioxidant capacity by DPPH assay when we compared with a control group (32.70 ± 4,45 %), however, the reducing power capacity of plasma is remarkable in methanolic extract and VitC groups. Fifty percent of red blood cell lysis was calculated (HT50) for measuring the antihemolytic effect, the results showed that MOHEhad a protective effect against RBC hemolysis with HT50 = 78,51 ± 11,32 min. In addition, MOHE increases the activity of CAT, GSH levels whereas it decreases the MDA levels in the homogenate liver, which demonstrates that MOHE inhibits the lipid peroxidation in the liver. Conclusion: This plant has a strong pharmacological power due to its secondary metabolite. However, its uses for therapeutic purposes is not without danger and exposes the risk of intoxication.

Biomolecules are largely found at different parts in divers medicinal plants. This study aims to quantify polyphenols and some biological properties of the areal part of Rubus idaeus L. plant. The shoots of Rubus idaeus L. were extracted by a methanol-water mixture. The antioxidant capacity was estimated by different in vitro assays ; linoleic acid emulsion model system, ß-carotene-linoleate model system, DPPH reduction, free radical-scavenging activity, and reducing ability assay. The highest levels of polyphenolic compounds was observed in the ethyl acetate extract (EAE). In linoleic acid test, chloroform extract (CHE) had the strongest antioxidant in comparison with butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) (64. 549 ± 0. 007%). In b-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay, the crude extract (CE) had the highest antioxidant capacity. The results showed that EAE showed the strongest antioxidant activity as measured by radicals scavenging activities and reducing power.The present work provide evidence that the areal part extracts of R. idaeus has remarkable antioxidant activities.

The aim of the present study has been to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing activity of Algerian Lavandula stoechas and Mentha pulegium methanol extracts (LE and ME, respectively) in order to scientifically validate their traditional use. After a preliminary phytochemical screening, a polyphenol profile characterization was carried out by RP-LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by different in vitro assays such as DPPH, TEAC, FRAP and ORAC whereas antimicrobial activity was carried out against representative standard ATCC and clinical Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains as well as against Candida albicans. The wound healing activity of ointments containing 5% and 10% of LE and ME was investigated on Wistar albino rats. Different polyphenol classess (flavones, flavonols and phenolic acids) were identified with rosmarinic acid that was the most abundant compound in both extracts (5658.40 and 1201.35 mg/100 g of LE and ME, respectively). LE and ME have strong antioxidant activity, whereas they showed antimicrobial activity only against S. aureus. However, both 5% and 10% LE and ME ointments significantly accelerated the wound healing process in comparison with negative control, providing a scientific rationale for the traditional use of L. stoechas and M. pulegium aerial parts in the treatment of wounds.

Capparis spinosa L. is a Mediterranean shrub widely used in traditional herbal medicine. This medicinal plant possesses several biological activities such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. The present study aims to assess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Algerian C. spinosa methanolic extracts from leaves (LME), stems (SME) and fruits (FME). Determination of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins was carried out using colorimetric methods. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS, reducing power and β-carotene/linoleic acid tests. The Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using carrageenan induced paw edema (CIPE), xylene (XIEE) and croton oil-induced ear edema (CIEE) models. The results showed that LME contains the highest concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins. This extract also showed the highest reducing power (EC50= 32.83 ± 0.57 μg/ml), and scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals (IC50 = 30.51 ± 1.86 μg/ml and 11.93± 0.08 μg/ml, respectively), whilst the preventing of β-carotene bleaching was strong and similar for the three studied extracts. Unlike stem, both leaf and fruit exerted anti-edematous effect on all studied models. In conclusion, these results confirmed that C. spinosa parts possess different antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects related to their content in polyphenol and/or flavonoid contents, and justify the wide traditional use of this plant. Extracts of C. spinosa can serve as a good source of phytoconstituents used as drugs to treat inflammatory illness.