依山傍海,地处东南,却有西北高山草甸风光,置身海岛,更有天湖澄澈如镜.漫步其间,一幢幢石厝依山错落,远处礁石若断若连,有节奏地散落在海上,耳畔是海风轻拂,眼前是浪花丛簇,"山、湖、草、海"在此浓缩汇聚成一幅旖旎的山海画卷.

The development strategy of small towns in metropolitan areas is directly related to the problem of urban-rural integration. Kamakura, a small town in Japan, is an internationally renowned cultural tourist city. It has achieved a renaissance over 800years of development. It not only fully excavated the cultural heritage resources endowed by history, but also fully excavated the location and actual resources, and took positive measures in protection and support. Based on a brief analysis of its development process,this paper summarizes four development strategies: to develop leisure and livable functions based on a good natural environment and landscape resources, to develop cultural tourism based on famous historical and cultural resources, to develop the animation industry and holy land patrol activities based on Tokyo’s superior industries,and to provide important support for the development of Kamakura based on the location that neighboring metropolitan areas; and four protection measures: historical style protection, urban landscape control, green space system protection, and tourism traffic congestion countermeasures. Therefore, we hope to provide reference for developing small cities and towns around metropolises in China.

创新驱动发展战略下,关于创新空间格局演化的研究对我国深入实施区域协调发展具有重要意义.利用高新技术企业及其控股企业数量数据,探讨聚集与网络共同影响下1990-2020年间长三角创新空间格局演化特征.结果显示:创新空间聚集度与网络联系度不断提升且格局均向外演化,但聚集格局"平稳渐进"向外扩张,网络格局"突进跳跃"向外扩散;聚集与网络复合作用下形成九类创新空间,具有不同的数量变化过程,呈现出梯度空间分布特征;综合考虑分类与演化,识别出"协同驱动型、聚集驱动型、网络驱动型、维持型"四种创新空间发展驱动模式.创新空间聚集与网络共同影响长三角空间格局演化进程,需充分认识到两者共同作用对大都市核心区的重要意义;同时注意到大都市圈之间及边缘地带、靠近大都市区乃至其核心等区位中,创新空间聚集与网络各自发挥的独特作用;大都市圈外少量创新空间,聚集或网络也在发挥相应的作用.

The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy was proposed at the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,which opened a new era for China’s rural development and put forward higher requirements for the development of rural planning and personnel training.In order to actively respond to the call of the times and promote the development of rural planning education as soon as possible,the Rural Planning and Construction Academic Committee of Urban Planning Society of China launched the National Rural Planning Competition of College Students.This paper first briefly reviews the organization and development process of the Competition,and then deeply explores its significance in promoting the development of rural planning teaching and encouraging college teachers and students to practice rural revitalization strategy.The research results show that the Competition has made positive contributions to rural planning teaching in many aspects,including promoting the development of planning teaching,guiding the content and positioning of teaching objects and planning methods,and promoting the teaching methods of multiple forces to jointly help and feed back rural development.

意大利产业区经历了从学术概念到统计单位,直至产业空间政策的演化过程.作为一项政策,意大利产业区通过推动传统中小企业集聚发展扶持"意大利制造"特别是"意大利传统制造",进而扶持欠发达地区发展和地方经济竞争力提升,已经成为"第三意大利"现象的重要支撑.通过历史回顾、政策解读,并结合全国和威内托大区层面的产业区和企业分布特征剖析,本文发现传统中小企业具有重要的促进就业和改善欠发达地区经济发展状况的作用,通过产业区政策进行扶持具有重要的现实意义;产业区的遴选和主导产业确定需要体现政策导向,但在产业区的区位选择上,既要面向欠发达地区以落实政策导向,也要避开偏远山区,并注重区域交通的便利性等因素,以促进产业区更具效率的发展和竞争力提升;产业区内,则应采取更为综合性的措施,为企业发展改善运营环境,并且积极促进企业的集聚发展.在当前我国宏观经济背景下,应借鉴意大利产业区的经验,鼓励在以往主要面向效率的政策基础上,更多聚焦于改善欠发达地区和扶持传统中小微企业集聚发展.

我国乡村面临城市化、西洋化和破碎化等问题的挑战,风貌连片管控需求日益凸显.通过梳理乡村风貌内涵与现有研究和规划方法,以景观特征评估为基础结构,从视觉入手统合抽象分析与在场感知,结合国内乡村风貌规划工作实际,提出涵盖"区域—地域—视域"三大认知层次,以"分层认知—研判抉择—分类施策"为核心思路的"三层次五阶段"工作法,具体包含"把握区域应有风貌—辨识地域特色风貌—构建主要点线系统—确定重要风貌单元—明确风貌导引策略"5个核心步骤.以3个不同地区的实践案例展示了该编制框架的适用性.

大都市地区乡村更容易获得政府的强力推动以及市场的青睐而引入多元行动者,因此更具振兴发展条件.乡村振兴示范村创建是上海探索大都市地区乡村振兴战略实施路径的重要战略举措.在概述示范村创建概况的基础上,分析其多元行动者参与情况及介入模式.研究结果表明多元行动者介入模式主要包括三类,分别为通过股份等方式引入外来企业主导型、政府主导下的平台合作型、政府引导下的集体内部主导型,他们在行动者关系及资源投入的主体关系特征上有着明显差异.

"乡村需要什么样的规划"是讨论乡村规划学科发展和规划实践的基础.对乡村规划对象的认识,即对乡村发展问题的基本特征和挑战的认识,以及对乡村规划本体的认识,即对乡村振兴的战略导向和生态文明背景下的空间治理改革的认识,构成了对这一问题进行分析的基本框架.本文在探讨中国乡村发展问题的基本特征的基础上,总结了乡村振兴战略和空间治理视角下六个方面的规划议题,并进一步提出了对乡村规划学科发展和规划实践的思考.

东京临海副都心经过30多年的开发建设现已基本建成,其间历经全球城市竞争、经济泡沫破裂和诸多重大事件,对新城建设尤其是沿海超大、特大城市的港城开发建设具有经验价值.通过文献分析,从时代背景、规划决策和开发建设方面回顾、分析东京临海副都心的开发建设过程,明确其"联动东京"的发展战略经验、"紧凑复合"的空间组织经验,以及刚性和弹性相结合的规划编制经验.结合我国实际情况提出3条建议:(1)注重从空间结构、功能定位方面持续与所在城市、区域进行深化互动;(2)注重从相关制度、内部空间组织层面协同进行城市开发建设和城市运营管理;(3)精准辨识港城和新城在空间上的比较优势是理性营城的前提.

以高铁站区为代表的枢纽门户区域开始运用"站城融合"理念开展规划建设,而"强度—功能—交通"支撑下的大阪站区一体化空间组织模式对其具有参考意义.本文通过现场调查、文献分析和数据分析,归纳大阪站区空间组织特征:站区开发强度整体较高,其中地下空间是重要组成部分,大型项目是其主体支撑;商务办公和商业零售是站区主要功能,由多元功能支撑,在水平、竖直方向相互替代;步行系统整合了站区的交通设施,网状联系站点和站区内部建筑物.基于此,从功能定位、开发强度、功能组织和交通组织四个方面对枢纽门户地区提出规划策略.

随着"软件定义"向经济社会各领域深度融合,上海在城市"大设计"产业体系中创新地提出了"软件设计业"的转型发展策略.通过考察软件设计企业在上海中心城区的集聚程度、集聚形态和集聚层次,可以看出,与传统软件业相比,软件设计企业在城市内部的区位选址有特定的偏好.进一步分析和总结这类企业集聚空间的分布格局和发展特征,结合城市存量空间与创新产业升级的协同发展要求,探讨这类产业集聚空间的优化策略与规划建议.

重大疫情直接威胁人类社会,对其防治是现代城市规划发展的重要起源.本文聚焦201 9新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的区域性传播,界定了初发、早期、暴发等阶段,总结跨区域快速继起、区域内蔓延扩散、应对策略直接影响疫情发展程度及范围、区域性门户中心城市成为疫情输入和暴发主要地、疫情收缩阶段出现复杂长尾现象等特征.进而提出四个方面的应对策略,一是完善防灾规划,强化疫情防控的“区域-系统-平战结合”理念;二是优化管控,推动扁平分工的区域性防治体系建设;三是优化监测评估方法, “管控-补强”结合,弥补区域抗疫短板;四是大力强化基层建设,提升基层综合弹性应对能力.

乡村规划的编制及建设实施过程,应从乡村振兴战略实施层面理解空间布局调整和项目建设实施背后的利益关系调整,采取陪伴渐进的方式,动员村民和多方外来机构及人才,重塑乡村集体能力,为后续村庄集体的可持续提升改善发展奠定良好基础.本文结合常州市新北区西夏墅镇梅林村龙王庙创建江苏省特色田园乡村案例,秉承陪伴渐进式规划理念,从5个方面归纳总结陪伴渐进式建设规划及实施的实践经验,包括引智与开拓并举,提升草业经济水平和延伸产业模式;导控与放开并举,打造更多设计和建设单位示范项目以扩大推广并发展考察经济;鼓励与奖励并举,渐进发动更多村民参与庭院农宅整治及整体乡村风貌塑造;探索低效用地盘活与构筑平台引入发展资源并举,共同推动乡村新经济发展;渐进探索,从湿垃圾就地肥化到创新有机种植和精准扶贫的典型案例.

出行便利度是城市居住区品质的重要指标,对于大都市边缘地带的城市居住区而言,改善出行的便利度和舒适度尤为重要.通过对新加坡的经验分析认为,大都市边缘地带城市住区,采用TOD模式整合内外公共交通与公共服务等功能,具有重要战略意义;适当扩大服务人口规模,站点地区应尽可能紧凑布局,且为站点间及站点与主要公共服务设施间提供便捷和有顶盖的联系通道,是提升住区便利度和舒适度的重要途径;新技术的应用可以在很大程度上降低轻轨线路在噪音和视线等方面的不利影响,因此,在线路特别是站点布局上,应尽可能地接近住宅用地,并靠近各级公共中心及主要公共设施;架空的轻轨线路能够为都市游提供新途径,因此,在线路布局和景观塑造等方面应考虑这方面的要求.

以上海中心城区为例,依托经济普查数据,采用定量结合定性的方法,从企业选址层面,对文化创意产业的空间集聚特征进行归纳分析.在整体层面上,呈现出向老城区单核聚集且集聚度圈层式递减,以及三个空间集聚层面且分层面多聚点散布的特征;在分规模维度上,呈现出老城区内汇聚和小微企业多层面集聚,以及小微企业在地区层面上分层且在老城区内集聚热点区域均衡分布,在街区层面上老城区内带状簇群汇聚的特征;在分行业维度上,呈现出明显的集聚度分类梯度递减的特征,并且可以根据集聚度和集聚形态差异划分3大行业类型,以及街区层面上按照汇聚形态差异划分4大行业分类.研究优化归纳了三大重要区位因素,即高等级公共中心、大容量公共交通、高等院校等智源机构附近500m范围的显著集聚区域.提出了三项规划导引策略,分别是在整体层面上扶持小微企业、建构多层级空间平台;在分区层面上实施老城区政策普惠并强化示范和试验导向,边缘区遵循重要区位因素优化布局;在分行业层面上注重行业优势区位,强化多规模类型汇聚的差异化导引策略.

The rural areas in the suburbs of the metropolis are faced with the opportunity and strength to take the lead in realizing the rejuvenation of the countryside. This paper takes the northern rural area in the suburbs of Urumqi as an example, and analyzes a series of dilemmas in the industrial development in suburban areas of the metropolis. For instance, there are few people left, and peasants have encountered bottlenecks in their income growth; the land use policy is rigid, and the path of development have received obvious constraints; the income gap between urban and rural areas are widening, and "one-way flow out" of development factors are severe, and urban and rural markets are blocked, etc. Based on the problem orientation, this paper argues that based on the integration of urban and rural areas and the differentiated development, the "garden garden" and the "backyard garden" of the metropolis should be built on the basis of ensuring the improvement of ecology. Finally, this paper puts forward industrial economy response strategy recommendations in the aspects of introducing professional technology, actively promoting the structural improvement of agricultural products, vigorously promoting "agriculture +" project, promoting the economic str ucture upgrading, linkage between characteristic townships and beautiful villages, enhancing comprehensive service capabilities, promoting the smooth flow of factors and building support mechanisms, etc.

Anhui province, a large population and agricultural province of our country, belongs to the traditional central underdeveloped areas with a high proportion of rural surplus labor outflow across the province. In recent years, as the decreasing absorption capacity of floating population because of the transformation of coastal area industry, the development of western regions and the rise of the Midwest due to the introduction of national policy, and the government’s emphasis and support on rural issues, the situation of the loss of part of the rural population has been eased. Zhongli village of Anhui province is located in the lakeside area of Chaohu city. In the past, because of inconvenient transportation and low economic level, its economy was a little declined; in recent years, with the construction of "beautiful village" in Anhui province, Zhongli village, taking advantage of the lakeside ecological landscape, has won the new development elements. Importing multiple industries has boost the economic development of villages, increased the villagers’ incomes, enhanced village infrastructure and public service level significantly, and improved the village appearance. On the whole, the novel development elements and population return are significant for local development. At the same time, they bring about obvious influences, such as improvement of ecological environment, urbanization of production and lifestyle, as well as the change of landscape. The country transition under these elements will have great impacts on the strategies of new-type urbanization.

Taking 16 megacities in our country as an example,this paper analyzes the correlation and difference between the subjective and objective measures of the service level of urban public infrastructure. First,entropy method was used to objective measure,the results show that the service level of public infrastructure in different cities is unbalance. The cities in eastern region are better than the cities in central and western regions,the cities with higher level of administration are better than the cities with lower level of administration,the core cities of the urban agglomeration are better than the non-core cities and so on. Then compares with the public satisfaction of subjective measure,it can be found that the correlation between subjective and objective measures is not significant in both whole and subsystem. According to the result of the subjective and objective measures,divides cities into 4 types and analyzes the difference between subjective and objective measures,proposes that the relationship on the whole between the two measures is a kind of related relationship,not a decision relationship. Finally,put forward the development strategy to improve the service level of public infrastructure in megacities of China.

Under the background of new urbanization,improving the service level of public infrastructure is the realistic demand and important starting point to improve the sustainable development ability of megacities.Based on the five-dimensional model of synergetic innovation,this paper puts forward the development strategy based on the premise of target coordination and the coordination of organization as the guarantee,promoting the interaction of principal,factor integration and space guidance.The collaborative in novation f ive dimensional model is used to analyze the t y pical cases of the public infrastructure service level in the megalopolis.

<正>讲到中国的乡村实际上有很多假说,而且很多假说反而是一些国外的学者提出来的,例如有人提出中国的乡村是一个村落共同体,村落是一个完整的整体。研究中国的几个著名的学者包括施坚雅认为,中国的乡村不是一个完整的组织,它主要是跟临近的集镇形成共同的基础的市场,黄宗智认为存在南北方的差距,在南方地区比较多的是以围绕集镇来开始,北方很多的乡村则相对来说比较完整。杜赞奇认为中国的乡村是一个复合体,是一个多维形成的网络结构。总的来讲对中国的乡村必须要有多个维度的认识。讨论得比较多的有几个方面,首先是结构性因