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Investment is one of the important forces shaping the regional economic pattern.In the network society,the status and network relations of cities have a significant impact on attract-ing investment.Based on enterprise investment data,this study builds an internal urban network of Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River(UAMRYR)and invest-ment links of other domestic cities to UAMRYR,and describes its network characteristics and in-vestment spatial pattern respectively.Then,using the negative binomial regression method to an-swer the question:how do the urban network characteristics of UAMRYR affect domestic invest-ment?The results reveal:First,the network of UAMRYR presents a"hub-and-spoke"network structure centered on the provincial capital city,and there are barriers between provinces.There is obvious heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of multiplex urban networks.Second,the sources of domestic investment to UAMRYR are mainly from the eastern regions and a few from the western ones.The ability to attract investment from capital cities in UAMRYR is far better than that of other cities.Third,In-degree Centrality and Weighted In-degree Centrality symbolizing urban prestige and Out-degree Centrality symbolizing urban power have a positive impact on attracting domestic investment significantly.Network structure indicators have no sig-nificant impact on absorbing investment,which may be caused by the immature network of UAMRYR.

With containerisation and multimodal transport development, port regionalisation links seaport systems to inland ports closely. This study applies the field model to identify the local hinterland of the main ports in the Yangtze River Delta in 2001, 2008, and 2016. The research findings indicate that the expanding local hinterlands of Ningbo Port come from the declining local hinterlands of Shanghai Port. However, Shanghai Port maintains the top port mass in the Yangtze River Delta. Through the lens of the regionalisation strategy, we find that Shanghai Port makes full use of the market-orientated tools and the central government's support to remain the stable source of containers and capture more distant hinterland along the Yangtze River. Ningbo Port is more inclined to integrate port resources in Zhejiang jurisdiction through the administrative power of the government, ultimately leading to the formation of a port hinterland covering the whole Zhejiang jurisdiction.

创新驱动发展战略下,关于创新空间格局演化的研究对我国深入实施区域协调发展具有重要意义.利用高新技术企业及其控股企业数量数据,探讨聚集与网络共同影响下1990-2020年间长三角创新空间格局演化特征.结果显示:创新空间聚集度与网络联系度不断提升且格局均向外演化,但聚集格局"平稳渐进"向外扩张,网络格局"突进跳跃"向外扩散;聚集与网络复合作用下形成九类创新空间,具有不同的数量变化过程,呈现出梯度空间分布特征;综合考虑分类与演化,识别出"协同驱动型、聚集驱动型、网络驱动型、维持型"四种创新空间发展驱动模式.创新空间聚集与网络共同影响长三角空间格局演化进程,需充分认识到两者共同作用对大都市核心区的重要意义;同时注意到大都市圈之间及边缘地带、靠近大都市区乃至其核心等区位中,创新空间聚集与网络各自发挥的独特作用;大都市圈外少量创新空间,聚集或网络也在发挥相应的作用.

精准扶贫中政府主导、企业和社会积极响应,共同助力贫困户脱贫,引致乡村关系空间在脱贫前后发生转化.论文使用参与式观察、半结构访谈和问卷调查等方法,从行动者网络视角重新审视云南省勐腊县河边村的精准扶贫,将关系空间转化划分为阶段内关系空间转化和阶段间关系空间转化,拓展了行动者网络理论对关系空间转化的解释,发现了河边村关系空间的阶段特征与转化路径:①精准扶贫中河边村的关系空间存在阶段性特征,包括脱贫攻坚阶段的前关系空间(标准空间较大)和巩固脱贫成果阶段的后关系空间(协商空间较大).②阶段内关系空间转化是标准空间向协商空间转化的过程.以脱贫攻坚阶段为例,"两不愁、三保障"这一明确政策目标下的标准行为构建了较大的标准空间,有利于确立强制通行点,促进阶段内关系空间转化.③阶段间关系空间转化是前一阶段的协商空间转化为后一阶段的标准空间的过程,脱贫攻坚阶段的前协商空间就转化成了巩固脱贫成果阶段的后标准空间.这一关系空间转化的过程可结合新标准行为的应用和空间稳定性测度进行验证.④关系空间转化促成了村小组和村民转变为后关系空间中的关键行动者,他们在参与改善建成环境的过程中被动员起来,通过成立合作社的形式和其他行动者结成紧密网络联盟,未来会在巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、全面推进乡村振兴的过程中发挥关键作用.论文所构建的关系空间转化框架对分析和促进乡村地区的发展兼具理论价值与现实意义.

E-commerce has gradually changed the city and triggered a new bottom-up rural urbanization process, especially in China. Therefore, the relationship between people's spatial decision behaviours and e-commerce is worth to be further investigated. To better understand and analyse the impact of e-commerce on population distribution, based on a concept framework of E-urbanism, which is defined to describe the impact of e-commerce and migration on urbanism, this paper employs a term “land attraction” to represent the ability of an area to provide job opportunities and life services to meet the needs of residents (e.g., people that are required to be housed, educated, employed, shopping and etc.). Based on that, the land attraction significantly impacts on population distribution, this research did a case study in China to explore the relationship between land attraction and emerging Taobao villages from 2019 to 2021. The result shows that land attraction can effectively predict population distribution.

Environmental protection and economic development is a global issue. Analyzing the construction process of Shanghai Chongming Eco-Island is helpful to understand the interactive relationship between them. Based on the time series data, this paper first used the entropy method to measure Chongming’s environmental protection level and economic development level, then used Granger causality test, VAR model, pulse response function and variance decomposition to analyze the interaction between environmental protection and economic development in Chongming from 2005 to 2018. The results show that: Chongming’s levels of environmental protection and economic development have generally improved from 2005 to 2018 and present twoway Granger causality. The economic development level has a positive effect on the environmental protection level, while the environmental protection level has a negative effect on the economic development level. The interaction between environmental protection and economic development are different in time and intensity. The impact of economic development on environmental protection is positive, meaning that Chongming’s economic development contributes to environmental protection, but the effect gradually decreases over time. The main reason for this result is Shanghai’s direct financial support. The influence of environmental protection on economic development is negative and presents the characteristics of "decreased first and then increased", which is mainly due to the incentive mechanism arrangements adopted by the twotiered government. Although with the improvement of the environmental protection level, the negative effects on economic development will gradually weaken but will not disappear. Environmental protection still restricts economic development to a certain extent. The results of variance decomposition analysis show that environmental protection makes great contribution to the economic development,whereas economic development exerts less contribution on environmental protection. Based on the empirical results, the study finally puts forward the corresponding recommendations for Chongming to realize the coordinated development of economic development and environmental protection.

While the challenges posed by multi-dimensional boundary effects to global economic integration are studied widely, regional economic integration within a sovereign country requires additional analysis. The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), a super-scale interprovincial area including three nested urban alliances, is a meaningful vision of regional economic integration in China. After building the producer services-based urban corporate network, this study investigates the influence of multi-dimensional boundary effects on regional economic integration by social network analysis and the exponential random graph model. The findings show that the fragmented reality of YREB's economy is significantly different from the vision of the Chinese central government. More specifically, although the natural boundary restraints represented by distance have disappeared, multi-dimensional barriers to regional economic integration are still posed by administrative, policy, economic, and cultural boundaries. The estimation results pass the robustness test of the grouping sample of producer services. Therefore, we confirm that the multi-dimensional boundary effects, particularly the intangible ones, significantly impact regional economic integration even within a country with a top-down 'strong' governance.

Due to the challenges in data acquisition, especially for developing countries and at local levels, spatiotemporal evaluation for SDG11 indicators was still lacking. The availability of big data and earth observation technology can play an important role to facilitate the monitoring of urban sustainable development. Taking Guilin, a sustainable development agenda innovation demonstration area in China as a case study, we developed an assessment framework for SDG indicators 11.2.1, 11.3.1, and 11.7.1 at the neighborhood level using high-resolution (HR) satellite images, gridded population data, and other geospatial big data (e.g., road network and point of interest data). The findings showed that the proportion of the population with convenient access to public transport in the functional urban area gradually improved from 42% in 2013 to 52% in 2020. The increase in built-up land was much faster than the increase in population. The areal proportion of public open space decreased from 56% in 2013 to 24% in 2020, and the proportion of the population within the 400 m service areas of open public space decreased from 73% to 59%. The township-level results indicated that low-density land sprawling should be strictly managed, and open space and transportation facilities should be improved in the three fast-growing towns, Lingui, Lingchuan, and Dingjiang. The evaluation results of this study confirmed the applicability of SDG11 indicators to neighborhood-level assessment and local urban governance and planning practices. The evaluation framework of the SDG11 indicators based on HR satellite images and geospatial big data showed great promise to apply to other cities for targeted planning and assessment.

基于11315企业征信系统和国家企业信用信息公示系统挖掘长江中游城市群生产性服务业企业总部-分支数据,由此构建长江中游城市群空间关联网络,并通过模块度、PageRank值和冲积图等方法,研究了2000-2014年长江中游城市群社团结构的时空演化特征,并形成相应的数据集.数据集采用.xlsx表格存储,数据量为311 KB,包括了过程数据和结果数据.结果表明:(1)长江中游城市群空间关联网络逐渐形成分别以武汉、长沙和南昌为中心向外辐射的轮轴状形态;(2)长江中游城市群空间关联网络形成武汉社团、长沙社团和南昌社团3个内部联系紧密的城市社团;(3)各城市社团的网络地位在动态中不断调整;(4)各城市社团之间的关系存在非均衡性和非对称性特征;(5)行政分割特征明显,各社团内部形成"核心-次核心-边缘"的拓扑结构.

如何更为精准地刻画流空间视角下城市网络节点地位,是城市网络研究的关注重点之一.本文以长三角地区县级空间单元为研究区域,采用全行业500强上市公司的"母-子-孙"三层级股权关系数据,构建有向加权网络来刻画长三角地区城市间投资联系水平;通过转变中心性与转变控制力对节点城市的网络地位进行分类;最后采用空间计量模型对长三角城市网络节点地位的影响因素进行测算和分析.研究发现:①长三角城市网络节点地位呈现出"等级+网络"的特征.城市在网络中依旧呈等级分布;然而部分中小城市在网络中地位具有了上升通道,往往可利用资源禀赋使得其获得更高的网络地位,网络结构具有扁平化特征.②长三角城市网络节点地位特征并没有完全遵循转变中心性与转变控制力的"高-高""中-中"和"低-低"的匹配关系,而存在"高-中(低)""中-高(低)"或"低-高(中)"的非匹配关系.③城市经济发展水平、人力资本、创新活力、产业结构、城市经营环境和公共服务设施配套情况等会对城市网络地位产生显著的影响.

上海市提出“五大新城”发展战略，新城建设迈入了面向“独立的综合性节点城市”的新阶段。基于2001、2010和2018年全行业企业总部—分支机构数据，论文构建了上海大都市圈内区县尺度的城市网络，利用社会网络分析方法刻画城市网络整体特征及五大新城网络地位的格局演变，并通过空间计量模型对相关影响因素作实证分析。研究发现：（1）上海大都市圈的城市网络呈现从以上海中心城区为核心的单极结构向多极结构转变的趋势，强联系仍然主要发生在各级市域内部，市际行政边界对网络联系具有较强的阻碍；（2）五大新城仍未呈现“节点城市”的中心性特征但具备了一定的独立性，距离成为“独立的综合性节点城市”仍有一段距离；（3）创新能力对新城入度和中介中心性的影响显著增强，新城在提升中心性的过程中也更加注重环境质量的提升，交通基础设施建设在提升五大新城的中心性中扮演着越来越重要的角色。此外，城市人口规模、政策优惠与公共服务完善程度也对新城中心性有着相对持续稳定的正向影响。论文从企业网络这一视角切入，为将五大新城建设为上海大都市圈内“独立的综合性节点城市”提供政策建议。

基于2003-2018年企业股权关联投资数据,融合社会网络分析、马尔可夫链分析和空间计量方法,从全球、全国和区域尺度探析长三角地区城市投资联系水平的时空动态特征及影响因素.研究发现:①长三角地区各尺度的城际投资规模大幅提升,与关境外地区、关境内地区和长三角区域内的投资联系分别呈现服务业驱动型、制造业驱动型和行业均衡型特征.②各尺度城市投资网络呈现区域指向性和多中心演化特征,上海、杭州、南京等在长三角地区逐渐发挥对外辐合全球和全国投资、对长三角地区内部辐射区域的作用.③与关境外、关境内和区域内的城市投资联系水平空间分布不均,以沪宁合杭甬发展廊道为支撑的空间结构逐渐凸显,并分别呈现低水平区集中连片分布、改善空间先沿海后内陆扩张、中低水平区广域化扩张的突出特征.④城市投资联系水平整体呈现向邻近较高水平方向转移态势,很难实现跨越式转移,存在显著的俱乐部趋同效应和马太效应.随着空间尺度的扩大,向较高水平方向转移的难度随之增大,俱乐部趋同效应和马太效应也随之增强.地理空间格局在各尺度的城市投资联系水平状态转移中发挥着重要作用,发展水平较高和较低的城市对周边城市分别产生正向和负向的空间溢出效应.⑤产业基础、劳动力成本、城市行政级别对各尺度的城市投资联系水平均有显著影响,创新能力对各尺度的城市投资联系水平均未产生显著影响,时间距离对全球和全国尺度的城市投资联系水平影响显著,经济全球化仅对全球尺度的城市投资联系水平产生显著影响.

基于新浪微博数据,借助深度学习方法分析上海市情绪空间分布特征,期望构建一套基于社交媒体签到数据的深度学习空间情绪感知评价方法.研究发现:①上海市热门签到地点集中分布在城市中心、交通枢纽、地铁沿线等区域.②积极情绪占比随着到市中心距离的增加呈下降趋势;人们的情绪与活动空间类型高度相关.③高等院校场所与负面情绪相关的物质空间要素多与建筑相关,办公场所的空间使用者最关注通勤问题,交通枢纽空间的管理流程和服务水平诱发了较多负面情绪.研究发现对于城市公共安全、公共卫生和设计管理的决策者有着重要启示.

基于生产性服务企业内部组织的关系型数据,从联系、节点、类型3个方面对长江中游城市群空间关联网络演变特征进行解析,在此基础上揭示影响城市群网络演变的主要驱动因素.结果表明:长江中游城市群处于以快速拓展网络联系覆盖范围为主的初级阶段,并逐渐呈现出轮轴状空间形态特征;空间关联网络结构层级化集聚态势明显,且网络节点数量和强度中心度分别呈现出清晰的"金字塔型"和"倒梯型"的结构特征;综合考虑各研究单元在网络中的相对联系规模和主导联系流向,可将研究单元分为网络流出活跃区、均衡活跃区、网络流入活跃区以及非活跃区4种类型,且空间分异格局日益清晰;市场力量、政府力量和技术力量等因素共同驱动着长江中游城市群空间关联网络的时空演变.

Amid the coronavirus outbreak, many countries are facing a dramatic situation in terms of the global economy and human social activities, including education. The shutdown of schools is affecting many students around the world, with face-to-face classes suspended. Many countries facing the disastrous situation imposed class suspension at an early stage of the coronavirus outbreak, and Asia was one of the earliest regions to implement live online learning. Despite previous research on online teaching and learning, students' readiness to participate in the real-time online learning implemented during the coronavirus outbreak is not yet well understood. This study explored several key factors in the research framework related to learning motivation, learning readiness and student's self-efficacy in participating in live online learning during the coronavirus outbreak, taking into account gender differences and differences among sub-degree (SD), undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) students. Technology readiness was used instead of conventional online/internet self-efficacy to determine students' live online learning readiness. The hypothetical model was validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results revealed no statistically significant differences between males and females. On the other hand, the mean scores for PG students were higher than for UG and SD students based on the post hoc test. We argue that during the coronavirus outbreak, gender differences were reduced because students are forced to learn more initiatively. We also suggest that students studying at a higher education degree level may have higher expectations of their academic achievement and were significantly different in their online learning readiness. This study has important implications for educators in implementing live online learning, particularly for the design of teaching contexts for students from different educational levels. More virtual activities should be considered to enhance the motivation for students undertaking lower-level degrees, and encouragement of student-to-student interactions can be considered.

推动城市经济互动是长江经济带高质量发展的具体要求之一.基于网络构建、模块度估计、变异系数(CV)等方法,利用生产性服务业的总部分支企业数据识别长江经济带边界效应的空间特征,继而从多维边界效应、城市发展水平两大层面,构建影响长江经济带城市网络联系的多维机制定量分析框架,运用指数随机图模型(ERGM)进行实证.研究发现:①基于生产性服务业的城际联系依然存在顽固的边界效应,且在不同行业表现不同.②城市网络的分割发展特征是多维边界与城市发展水平综合作用下的结果.行政、政策、自然和文化等边界在其中发挥着强弱不等的阻碍作用.城市发展水平是与边界效应相抗衡的推动力.③不同服务业的影响机制存在一定的异质性.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">本文尝试将海港和内河港的腹地范围演化纳入统一的研究框架。运用场强模型划分2001年、2008年和2016年长三角主要海港和内河港口的直接腹地范围,分析其演化特征,总结演化最显著的两大龙头港口——上海港和宁波港的腹地演化影响机制。结果表明:①港口场强分布特征是以三大海港为龙头形成三大高场强集聚区。②港口直接腹地演化最明显的特征是宁波港扩张的腹地范围基本来自上海港收缩的腹地范围。③上海港的直接腹地范围不断被宁波港袭夺是因为上海港通过市场主导和行政协调的机制,扩展了沿着长江布局的内河港口群水水中转的间接腹地,而非直接陆地腹地;相反,宁波港主要依靠行政机制和逐渐强化的市场力量,使直接陆地腹地范围逐渐延展到浙江全省。</span>

: With the vigorous development of sharing economy, shared accommodation has gradually matured, which has profound impact on the socioeconomic development in urban China. Despite the dramatic differentiation between the urban and rural shared accommodation markets, existing works focused on the spatial distribution and influencing factors of rural homestays, and shared accommodation research in urban areas is largely ignored. Shared accommodation in urban areas is closely related to urban tourism activities characterized by sightseeing, shopping, and cultural experience. This study obtained the data of the shared accommodations in Shanghai through Tujia (https://www.tujia.com/), and used spatial analysis tools in ArcGIS to depict the spatial distribution and the influencing mechanism of the shared accommodations from the perspective of urban tourism. The main findings are as follows: 1) The spatial distribution of shared accommodations is characterized by great concentration and localized scattering, and the shared accommodations are mainly concentrated in two tourist hotspots: the recreational business district located in the central city and the Disneyland area located in the suburb. 2) The spatial distribution has close relationship with urban tourism in Shanghai, which is the result of the balance between the behavioral decisions of tourists and the location conditions of the shared accommodations. Moreover, various types of shared accommodation agglomerations have different influencing factors, which provide the opportunity for targeted policies for the development of shared accommodation in different urban areas.

本书作者埃里克?芒福德(Eric Mumford),现任教于圣路易斯华盛顿大学山姆?福克斯设计与视觉艺术学院,是现代建筑和城市化史方面的专家,主要教授建筑历史和理论课程.在1980年代,他先后毕业于哈佛大学和麻省理工学院,后于1996年在普林斯顿大学获建筑学博士学位.他还出版过《定义城市设计》 《圣路易斯现代建筑:华盛顿大学和战后美国建筑(1948—1973)》 《国际现代建筑协会关于都市主义的论述(1928—1960)》等关于现代建筑和都市主义历史、理论的专著.他曾短期任教于秘鲁天主教大学,也曾在中国举办讲座.