以3个软枣猕猴桃雌性品种(绿佳人、丹阳、桓优一号)与4个雄性品系(LD111、LD1804、LD1805、LD1806)花粉为试材,4个雄性品系分别给3个雌性品种授粉,建立12个授粉组合,研究其花粉直感效应,并对不同授粉处理的果实数量性状和内溶物含量进行多重比较分析.结果表明:软枣猕猴桃在坐果率、单果重、果实纵径、果实横径、果实侧径、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、总酸含量、固酸比、维生素C含量等方面存在花粉直感效应;不同软枣猕猴桃品种的花粉直感作用显著性不同,同一种花粉对不同雌性软枣猕猴桃品种的相同性状亦表现出不同的显著性.

丹阳是由野生资源无性系选育出的中晚熟软枣猕猴桃新品种.果实呈扁圆形,果皮绿色,表面略有棱,不具蜡质,果肉翠绿色,质地细腻多汁,风味酸甜适中;平均单果质量20 g,最大单果质量46 g,果形指数0.85,出汁率91％,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)20.1％,总酸含量0.99％,糖酸比20.3,含有18种氨基酸,总量为18.03 mg·g-1,维生素C含量2.86mg·g-1;品质上等.果实生育期110d左右,在丹东地区(N40°07′,E124°23′)9月中、下旬成熟;每花序花朵数1～3,萌芽率50％,成枝力90％.较抗葡萄瘿螨.常温货架期5～10d,1～3℃低温冷藏可达70d.适合年平均降雨量450～1200 mm,无霜期120 d以上,10℃以上有效积温超过2500℃,冬季最低气温在-30℃以上,排水良好的弱酸性或中性土壤的地区栽培;第3年开花结果,产量15 000 kg·hm-2以上,丰产性好.

以北方6种露地杜鹃花为材料,研究越冬期间枝条淀粉粒含量与其抗寒性的关系,结果表明:不同时期同一种杜鹃花枝条中淀粉粒的形态、大小基本一致,淀粉粒含量在越冬期间呈现出"升—降—升"的"倒S型"曲线并且差异显著;同一时期不同种类的杜鹃花枝条中淀粉粒分布的松散度、含量等有差异;6种杜鹃花抗寒性的顺序是迎红杜鹃>照白杜鹃>北汉山杜鹃>淀川杜鹃>大字杜鹃>石岩杜鹃;杜鹃花枝条中淀粉粒含量与其抗寒性密切相关,10月份枝条淀粉粒含量与抗寒性呈显著负相关,而2月份枝条淀粉粒含量与抗寒性呈显著正相关.此结论可为低温胁迫下杜鹃花生理适应机制、杜鹃花育种等研究提供理论依据.

绿佳人来源于野生软枣猕猴桃资源,属于中熟品种.果实倒卵形,果皮深绿色,光滑无棱,果皮呈深绿色,果肉为黄绿色,硬溶性质,果实外观和品质都属上乘;平均单果质量17.6 g,最大单果质量25.6 g,果形指数在1.37左右,每个果实内含有种子数量100～140粒.平均可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)18.1％,最高可达22％,总酸含量1.07％,糖酸比为16.9,每kg鲜果含维生素C 1100 mg.从坐果到果实成熟约100 d,丹东地区(E 124°23',N 40°07')成熟期为9月10日前后;每个果序有1～3个果.萌芽率为60％～80％,结果枝比率为50％～70％.该品种对蝇粪病和煤污病的抗性较强.常温条件下,其货架期较长,最多可达10d,而在温度1～3℃条件下,至少可贮藏8周.适合无霜期在120 d以上、生长季没有晚霜和强风危害、年平均降水量450～1200 mm、休眠期最低气温不低于-30℃、有效积温超过2500℃的地区栽培;土壤要求排水良好、pH值6.5～7.0的壤土或沙壤土.

以收集自我国东北地区的24份软枣猕猴桃种质资源为试材,采用Q型聚类分析、R型聚类分析和主成分分析的方法,对叶片特征、芽和枝条特征、花和果实特征等31个表型性状(其中二元质量性状1个,多元质量性状10个,数量性状20个)进行研究,深入探讨软枣猕猴桃资源亲缘关系与表型性状间关系,以期为软枣猕猴桃资源的开发利用提供参考依据.结果表明:20个数量性状中,单果质量变异系数最大为44.22％,花直径变异系数最小为7.38％.R型聚类将31个表型性状在平方欧式距离17.21处聚为4类,其中萼洼形状与其它性状距离较远;Q型聚类将24份软枣猕猴桃资源在平方欧式距离20.08处聚为4类,叶片长、叶片宽、叶片厚、叶柄长度等性状可作为区分软枣猕猴桃不同类别的重要指标;主成分分析对24份软枣猕猴桃资源分类结果与Q型聚类结果类似,将叶片长、果肉性状、叶片厚、节间长度等性状作为区分软枣猕猴桃不同类别的重要指标.综上,软枣猕猴桃的表型性状存在丰富的多样性,果实纵径等14个表型性状对分类起重要作用.

以4个品系软枣猕猴桃LD107、LD133、LD243、LD1214为试材,在花期分别对营养梢、结果梢进行摘心处理,研究不同摘心程度的效应.结果 表明,花期新梢摘心处理能提高摘心梢翌年的萌芽率及结果枝率,LD107、LD243、LD1214这3个品系的营养梢留30cm,结果梢留7叶摘心更有利于提高结果枝率,LD133品系营养梢留50cm,结果梢留3叶摘心更有利于形成结果枝;新梢摘心后形成的营养枝率无显著差异.

'绿佳人'是辽东学院小浆果研究所从野生资源中选育的软枣猕猴桃新品种(原始代号LD241),2018年全国优质猕猴桃品鉴会获得最佳外观奖,2019年全国优质猕猴桃品鉴会获得金奖,2021年6月18日获得中华人民共和国农业农村部植物新品种权证书(品种权号:CNA20191001495).经过辽东学院小浆果科研团队10年的栽培与研究,确认其贮藏性好,贮藏期间果皮不变色,外形美观(光滑,无棱或少棱,大小适中),适口性好,可以推广栽培.

软枣猕猴桃为光果猕猴桃,是猕猴桃属在中国分布最广泛的野生果树之一,是我国东北的优势资源,很有经济价值和开发利用前景[1].近几年,软枣猕猴桃栽培面积迅速扩大,但也出现很多问题.如高接换头品种选择不当的、地块选择不当而致使病害严重的,露地栽培果实外观和内在品质差……因此,一些种植者开始尝试温室栽培.目前国外没有温室栽培软枣猕猴桃的,国内进行温室栽培软枣猕猴桃的主要在辽宁省的丹东、大连、营口等市,以丹东栽培面积最大,约6.67 hm2.软枣猕猴桃温室栽培能提前3个月左右上市[2],提高经济效益的同时还能延长其鲜果市场供应期.温室栽培也出现很多问题,主要表现在品种选择、栽植密度、架式、整形修剪、环境调控等方面.因此,只有提高软枣猕猴桃温室栽培技术,才能保证栽培成功.本文从如下几个方面介绍软枣猕猴桃温室栽培技术,以为生产者提供参考.

软枣猕猴桃人工栽培年限较短,整形修剪技术还不完善.整形修剪搞得不好将导致植株生长过旺、结实晚、架面紊乱,产量低而不稳.因此,整形修剪是软枣猕猴桃综合管理中的一项重要的技术措施,科学的整形修剪可以提高软枣猕猴桃的产量和品质,对于规范化栽培、规模化发展,这是必不可少的重要环节.

Four kinds of mycorrhizal fungi were inoculated in the seedlings of blueberry to investigate the coloniza-tion and the influence on low temperature-stressed in vitro branches 90 days later. All four mycorrhozal fungi colonized in blueberry in vitro branches;Coprinus sp. showed the highest colonization rate, and Tricholoma sp., the lowest. Under low temperature stress, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT were increased in mycorrhizal fungi-inoculated blueberry;the highest enzymes activities were presented in Boletus sp. treated blueberry, and the lowest, in Tricholoma sp..

It was proposed that identification chilling injury mechanism of blueberry by measuring free water,bound water and electrical conductivity in branches and flower buds in this paper.Bluecrop,Berkeley,M7,Northcountry and Northblue which grown in open ground and greenhouse were used to be the samples.It showed that free water and bound water in branches grown in open ground are lower than those in greenhouse between the same varieties.Relative electrical conductivity of the plants in open ground was significantly higher than that in greenhouse in 2011,while the difference was few in 2010.The results indicateed that water loss of branches and flower buds was the main reason for chilling injury,and low temperature was one of important reasons in some years.

合理构建园林花卉学教学模式;加强园林花卉学课程实践教学,进行量化考核,改革园林花卉学课程传统的"一卷分高低"考试方式,收到了较好的效果.

采用改良CTAB法和改良SDS法对照白杜鹃DNA进行提取,结果表明:改良SDS方法提取的杜鹃花总DNA不仅带亮,而且比改良CTAB法提取的DNA杂质少;采用幼叶比功能叶提取的DNA质量好.

The orthogonal design was used to optimize Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz.'s ISSR-PCR(Inter-simple sequence repeat-Polymerase chain reaction products) amplification system's five factors(Taq DNA polymerase,Mg2+,DNA template,dNTP,and primer) in four levels respectively.The results showed that,the affections of each factor in different levels were found,and concentrations of primer was the most effective factor to the result of PCR,a most suitable ISSR-PCR system for R.mucronulatum was established,it's 25 μL reaction system which contained 2.0 μL 10×Buffer,0.3 μL Taq DNA polymerase(5 U/μL),2 μL DNA template(20ng/μL),2.5 μL dNTPs(2.5 mmol/L),and 2 μL primer(10 μmol/L).

The resource of hardy rhododendron in Liaoning was investigated.The results show that there are six species(R.aureum,name-undetermined rhododendron,R.schilippenbachii,R.micranthum,R.dauricum and R.mucronulatum) and one variant(R.mucronulatum f.ciliatum) of wild rhododendron in Liaoning.They are widely distributed in mountainous forest areas or peaks.Because they grow far from residential areas and the government has taken effective measures to protect them,these wild plants grow in good condition with steady population.At present,there are six species and two variants of rhododendron being cultivated under natural conditions in Liaoning.According to florescence,they can be divided into early-flowering-type(R.dauricum,R.mucronulatum) with flowering stage of 4～5 months,middle-flowering-type(R.schilippenbachii,R.micranthum,Hongfeng Rhododendron,R.yedoense and Huangyang R.yedoense) with flowering stage of 5～6 months and later-flowering-type(R.micranthum) with flowering stage of 6～7 months.

A regeneration protocol through axillary buds has been developed for Rododendron ‘Hongfeng’.Stalk nodus and tip shoot explants were placed on different medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators or different concentrations.Then their ratio of proliferation,differentiation and rooting was compared.The results showed that using 0.1%HgCl2 to disinfect for 7 min,the bud induction rate of tip shoot and stalk nodus explants were both the highest(81%,72%),the tip shoot was better than stalk nodus.The induction rate of three basis medium,including 1/4 MS,Read and 1/4 MS(double iron) medium,were all above 80%,but 1/4 MS was the best,it’s induction rate was to 83%.Based on orthogonal experimental design,the bud induc-tion rate was to 85% when the explants were inoculated to the medium 1/4MS+ZT4.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1+2,4-D0.03 mg·L-1.Based on quadratic rotation-orthogonal combination design,the average root formation rate was 64.7% when the plantlet were transplanted to the medium 1/2MS+ NAA 0.1 mg·L-1 +IBA 0.5 mg·L-1 +AC 1000 mg·L-1.

The different florescence Rhododendrons were studied on the effects of plant growth regulators.The results showed: GA delayed the flowering of the early-blooming type,but promoted the mid-blooming type and the late-blooming type;PP333 retarded the blooming of Rhododendrons.However,it could decrease flowering rates and quality of Rhododendrons if the concentration is too high.

Study the suitable condition of Forest Coronal Intercepting Rainfall of five variety tree in Liao Dong area. The result shows that conifer's intercepting rainfall is more than broadleaf's. Forest coronal intercepting rainfall ratio is 33.0%～53.8%. In the same time , study the effect of the intensity of rainfall on forest coronal intercepting rainfall of five variety tree.

该文采用呼吸速率测定器对中国林蛙呼吸进行了初步研究,试验结果表明:中国林蛙的呼吸速率符合曲线Y=0.0069×X(-0.7049)(相关系数r=-0.9586)。成蛙的呼吸速度高于幼蛙,而幼蛙的呼吸速率高于成蛙,幼蛙的呼吸速率高是导致幼蛙在不良环境条件下成活率低的一个原因。

森林和水是生态系统中最活跃、最有影响的两个因素,而森林是维持生态平衡的顶梁柱,它对调节气候、涵养水源、保持水土、减洪抗旱等方面具有独特的作用.